新人教版高中英語選擇性必修三課文及翻譯Unit5ReadingandThinkingAFEWSIMIPLEFORMSOFENGLSHPOEMS簡體英文詩Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplecomposepoetry.Somepoemstellastoryordescribeacertainimageinthereadersmind.Otherstrytoconveycertainfeelingssuchasjoyandsorrow.Thedistinctivecharacteristicsofpoetryoftenincludeeconomicaluseofwords,descriptiveandvividlanguage,integratedimagery,literarydevicessuchassimilesandmetaphors,andarrangementofwords,lines,rhymes,andrhythm.Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.Nowwewilllookatafewofthesimplerforms.人們寫詩有著各種各樣的理由。有些詩是為了敘事，或者說是描述讀者心目中的某個(gè)形象。而有些詩則是為了傳達(dá)某種感情，比如喜悅和悲傷。詩歌的顯著特點(diǎn)通常包括:用詞簡潔:語言描述生動(dòng)、形象:具備整合的意象:使用明喻和隱喻等文學(xué)手法:詞、句的、節(jié)奏等編排有序。詩人用許多不同格式的詩來表達(dá)自己的情感?，F(xiàn)在我們來看看幾種格式比較簡單的詩。SomeofthefirstpoemsayoungchildlearnsinEnglisharenurseryrhymes.Theyareusuallythetraditionalpoemsorfolksongs.Thelanguageoftheserhymes,likePoemA,istothepointbuthasastoryline.Manychildrenenjoynurseryrhymesbecausetheyrhyme,haveastrongrhythm,andoftenrepeatthesamewords.Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory,buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.Byplayingwiththewordsinnurseryrhymeschildrenlearnaboutlanguage.孩子們最早學(xué)習(xí)的英文詩是童謠。它們通常是傳統(tǒng)的詩歌或民歌。這些童謠(如詩歌A)的語言簡單明了，但帶有故事情節(jié)。許多孩子喜歡童謠，因?yàn)樗鼈冄喉?，?jié)奏感強(qiáng)，并較多單詞重復(fù)。童謠不一定有什么意義，甚至(有的)看來自相矛盾，但是它們?nèi)菀讓W(xué)，也容易背通。通過童謠中的文字游戲，孩子們學(xué)習(xí)了語言。Oneofthesimplestkindsofpoemisthe"listpoem",whichcontainsalistofthings,people,ideas,ordescriptionsthatdevelopaparticulartheme.Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphraseswhichgivebothapatternandarhythmtothepoem.Somerhyme(likeBandC),whileothersdonot.清單詩是詩歌中最簡單的一種，它包含一系列發(fā)展特定主題的事物、人物想法或描述。清單詩可長可短，可以重復(fù)一些短語，較為靈活，形成固定句型和詩的節(jié)奏。有些清單詩有韻腳(如B和C)，但有一些沒有。AHush,littlebaby,don'tsayawordPapasgonnabuyyouamockingbirdIfthatmockingbirdwontsing,PapasgonnabuyyouadiamondringIfthatdiamondringturnstobrassPapa,sgonnabuyyoualookingglassIfthatlooking-glassgetsbroke,Papa,sgonnabuyyouabillygoatIfthatbillygoatwon'tpullPapa'sgonnabuyyouacartandbull小寶寶，別說話爸爸給你買個(gè)小嘲鳥小嘲鳥，不會(huì)唱，爸爸給你買個(gè)鉆石戒鉆石戒，變成銅，爸爸給你買個(gè)小鏡子。小鏡子，打破了，爸爸給你買個(gè)小山羊。如果小山羊變老了，爸爸給你買駕牛車。BMotherHundredsofstarsinthedeepbluesky,HundredsofshellsontheshoretogetherHundredsofbirdsthatgosingingbyHundredsofbeesinthesunnyweather,HundredsofdewdropstogreetthedawnHundredsofbeesinthepurpleclover,HundredsofbutterfliesonthelawnButonlyonemothertheworldoverGorgeCooper母親喬治·庫柏天空夜星如織海濱貝殼滿地鳥兒鳴唱飛過蜜蜂沐浴陽光黎明四野朝露苜蓿蜜蜂成群草從蝴蝶爭艷但世界浩瀚，我唯有一母。CLIFELifecanbegoodLifecanbebadLifeismostlycheerfulbutsometimessadLifecanbedreamsLifecanbegreatthoughtsLifecanmeanapersonSittingincourt.(C)生活生活可能美滿，生活可能悲傷，生活常常充滿歡樂，但有時(shí)令人沮喪。生活可能是夢(mèng)一場(chǎng)，生活可能是智慧結(jié)晶。生活可能將一個(gè)人送上被告法庭。Anothersimpleformofpoemthatamateurscaneasilywriteisthecinquain,whichismadeupoffivelines.Withthese,youcanconveyastrongpictureoracertainmoodinjustafewwords.Lookattheexample(D)另外一種業(yè)余愛好者容易寫的簡體詩是由五行組成的，叫做五行詩。用五行詩，你可以用少量的詞語傳遞一幅動(dòng)人的畫面或某一特定的心情。請(qǐng)看例子D。HaikuisaJapaneseformofpoetrythatconsistsof17syllables.Ithasaformatofthreelines,containing5,7,and5syllablesrespectively.ItisnotatraditionalformofEnglishpoetry,butisverypopularwithEnglishwriters.Itiseasytowriteand,likethecinquain,cangiveaclearpictureandcreateaspecialfeelingusingveryfewwords.Thehaikupoem(E)ontherightisatranslationfromJapanese,whichshowsamomentinthelifeofadelicatebutterfly俳句詩(Haiku)是一種日本詩，由17個(gè)音節(jié)組成。它是三行格式，分別包含5、7和5個(gè)音節(jié)。它不屬英詩的傳統(tǒng)形式，但是在用英語寫作的人們中間這種詩也是很流行的。它容易寫，而且像五行詩一樣，它可以用最少的詞語呈現(xiàn)出幅清晰的畫面，表達(dá)出一種特殊的感情。右邊的徘句詩(E)就是從日文翻譯出來的，展示了一蝴蝶生命中的一個(gè)瞬間。EnglishspeakersalsoenjoypoemsfromChina,thosefromtheTangDynastyinparticular.AlotofTangpoetryhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish,suchasthisone說英語的人也喜歡中國的詩，尤其是唐詩。有許多唐詩被翻譯成英文，比如這一首詩(F)。DBrotherBeautiful.athleticTeasing,shouting,laughingFriendandenemytooMine兄弟愛美，又愛運(yùn)動(dòng)愛鬧，愛叫，又愛笑是我的朋友也是我的敵人EAfallenblossomIscomingbacktothebranchLook.abutterfly落下的花朵回到了樹枝上。瞧啊，是個(gè)蝴蝶!FWheresheawaitsherhusbandOnandontheriverflows.Neverlookingback,TransformedintostoneDaybydayuponthemountaintopWindandrainrevolveShouldthetravellerreturnthisstonewouldutterspeechWangJian望夫石王健望夫處，江悠悠，化為石，不回頭山頭日日風(fēng)復(fù)雨，行人歸來石應(yīng)語。Withsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom,youmayeventuallywanttowritepoemsofyourown.Giveitatry!有了這么多可供選擇的詩歌類型，你最終也許想自己作詩了。試一試吧!Unit5UsinglanguageWINDONTHEHILLNoonecantellmeNobodyknowsWherethewindcomesfromWherethewindgoesIt'sflyingfromsomewhereAsfastasitcanIcouldn'tkeepupwithit,NotifIranButifIstoppedholdinghestringofmykite.ItwouldblowwiththewindForadayandanight.AndthenwhenIfounditWhereveritblewIshouldknowthatthewindHadbeengoingtheretoo.SothenIcouldtellthemWherethewindgoesAbutwherethewindcomesfromNobodyknowsA.A.Milne山上的風(fēng)沒有人能夠告訴我，也沒有人會(huì)知道，風(fēng)來自哪里，又將去往哪里。它從一個(gè)地方吹來，盡它所能，飛快地吹來我不能趕上它，即使我奔跑。但如果我停下來不再緊握我手中的風(fēng)箏線，它將被風(fēng)吹跑，一天一夜后來當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)它它吹向任何地方，我會(huì)知道風(fēng)也曾經(jīng)去過那里。所以當(dāng)我能告訴他們風(fēng)去了哪里…但是風(fēng)從哪里來沒有人知道。(AA米爾恩)DREAMHoldfasttodreams,ForifdreamsdieLifeisabroken-wingedbirdThatcannotfyHoldfasttodreams,ForwhendreamsgoLifeisabarrenfieldFrozenwithsnowLangstonHughes夢(mèng)想緊緊抓住夢(mèng)想，夢(mèng)想若是消亡生命就象鳥兒折了翅膀再也不能飛翔緊緊抓住夢(mèng)想夢(mèng)想若是消喪生命就像貧瘠的荒野雪覆冰封萬物不再生長(蘭斯頓?休斯)AMATCHflovewerewhatther