一、中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化之英語表達(dá)---有關(guān)春節(jié)的基本詞匯與短語

【GreetingSeason】:

春節(jié)TheSpringFestival

農(nóng)歷lunarcalendar

正月lunarJanuary;thefirstmonthbylunarcalendar

除夕NewYear‘sEve;eveoflunarNewYear

初一thebeginningofNewYear

元宵節(jié)TheLanternFestival

【Customs】：

過年Guo-nian;havetheSpringFestival

對(duì)聯(lián)poeticcouplet:twosuccessiverhyminglinesinpoetry

春聯(lián)SpringFestivalcouplets

剪紙paper-cuts

買年貨specialpurchasesfortheSpringFestival;doSpringFestivalshopping

年畫NewYearpaintings

敬酒proposeatoast

燈籠lantern:aportablelight

煙花fireworks

爆竹firecrackers(Peoplescareoffevilspiritsandghostswiththeloudpop.)

紅包redpackets(cashwrappedupinredpaper,symbolizefortuneandwealth.)

舞獅liondance(Thelionisbelievedtobeabletodispelevilandbringgoodluck.)

舞龍dragondance(toexpectgoodweatherandgoodharvests)

戲曲traditionalopera

雜耍varietyshow;vaudeville

燈謎riddleswrittenonlanterns

燈會(huì)exhibitoflanterns

守歲staying-up

禁忌taboo

拜年payNewYear‘scall;giveNewYear‘sgreetings;NewYear‘svisit

去晦氣getridoftheill-fortune

祭祖宗offersacrificestoone‘sancestors壓歲錢giftmoney;moneygiventochildrenasalunarNewYeargift辭舊歲bidfarewelltotheoldyear

掃房springcleaning;generalhouse-cleaning

【Foodnames】：

年糕Nian-gao;risecake;NewYearcake

團(tuán)圓飯familyreuniondinner

年夜飯thedinneronNewYear‘sEve

餃子Jiao-zi;Chinesemeatravioli

八寶飯eighttreasuresricepudding

湯圓Tang-yuan;dumplingsmadeofsweetrice,rolledintoballsandstuffedwitheithersweetor

spicyfillings糖果盤candytray:

什錦糖assortedcandies-sweetandfortune

蜜冬瓜candiedwintermelon-growthandgoodhealth

西瓜子redmelonseed-joy,happiness,truthandsincerity

金桔cumquat-prosperity

紅棗reddates-prosperity

糖蓮子candiedlotusseed-manydescendentstocome

糖藕candiedlotusroot-fulfillingloverelationship

花生糖peanutcandy-sweet

【Blessing】:

Treasuresfillthehome財(cái)源廣進(jìn)

Businessflourishes事業(yè)興隆

Peaceallyearround歲歲平安

Wishingyouprosperity恭喜發(fā)財(cái)

Harmonybringswealth家和萬事興

Mayallyourwishescometrue心想事成

Everythinggoeswell萬事如意

Thecountryflourishesandpeopleliveinpeace國(guó)家富強(qiáng)、人民安康

Moneyandtreasureswillbeplentiful財(cái)源茂盛

WishingyoueverysuccessPromotingtoahigherposition事業(yè)有成、更上一層樓、蒸蒸日上Safetripwhereveryougo一帆風(fēng)順

Wishyouhappinessandprosperityinthecomingyear!祝你新的一年快樂幸福

Wishyousuccessinyourcareerandhappinessofyourfamily!事業(yè)成功，家庭美滿。

【中國(guó)新年禁忌】：

DosandDontsofChineseNewYear

Do's:

WisheveryoneyoumeetahappyNewYearbysaying"gongxifacai",whichtranslatesto:"HaveahappyandprosperousNewYear!"

對(duì)每一個(gè)你遇到的人道一聲：“恭喜發(fā)財(cái)”，翻譯成英文就是：“在新的一年里擁有幸福繁榮的生活”；

Weararticlesofredclothingbecauseredsymbolizesluck.

穿紅色布料做成的飾品，因?yàn)榧t色昭示著幸運(yùn)；

Eatvegetarianfoodbecauseit'snotgoodtoseeblood.

吃素食，因?yàn)橐娧遣患模?/p>

BuynewtrousersbecausetheChinesewordfortrousersis"fu",(Chinesehomonymforwealth)

買新褲子（衣服），因?yàn)闈h語里褲子就是“服”，（在漢語里與財(cái)富的“富”諧音）；

ChildrenshouldstayupaslateaspossibleonNewYear'sEveforitisbelievedthatthelatertheystayup,thelongertheirparentswilllive.孩子應(yīng)該在除夕之夜盡可能晚睡、熬夜因?yàn)閾?jù)說他們睡的越晚，他們的父母越長(zhǎng)壽；

Visitfamily(especiallythoseolderthanyourself)andfriendstopassonyourwishesongoodfortunefortheNewYear.(pluskidsandsinglepeoplewillreceivelai-seeluckyredpacketsfullofmoney.

拜訪親戚朋友（尤其是比你年長(zhǎng)的），傳遞你對(duì)他們來年幸福的美好祝愿（另外孩子和單身的人將會(huì)得到裝滿錢的幸運(yùn)紅包，稱為“來喜”。）

Givetwolaiseetoeachchild.Becausehappinesscomesintwo's,donotjustgiveone.Thisisyourwayofpassinggoodlucktothenextgeneration.Businessownersalsogivelaiseetoemployeesandassociates.給每個(gè)孩子兩份“來喜”（我覺得應(yīng)該指錢是偶數(shù)的），因?yàn)楹檬鲁呻p，不要只給一份。這是你把祝愿?jìng)鬟f給下一代的方法。企業(yè)主（老板）也要給員工和同事紅包。

Don'ts:

Don'twearwhiteorblackclothing,sincetheyarethetraditionalcoloursofmourning.

不要穿白色或黑色服裝，因?yàn)檫@是傳統(tǒng)意義上喪事的顏色；

Don'tbuynewshoesforthefirstmonthoftheNewYear,becausethesoundofshoeinChineseis"hai"."Hai"issimilartothesoundofsighing,whichChinesebelieveisnotagoodwaytostarttheyear.

不要在新年的第一個(gè)月買新鞋，因?yàn)樵跐h語里鞋的發(fā)音是“孩”（好像是四川地區(qū)的發(fā)音），它與嘆息”唉“相近，中國(guó)人認(rèn)為這不是新年伊始的好兆頭。

Don'twashyourhairforthefirstthreedaysoftheNewYear,becausetheChinesewordforhairisahomonymfortheChinesewordforwealth.Therefore,Chinesebelieveitisn'tagoodthingto'washawayyourwealth'rightatthestartoftheNewYear.在新年的前三天里不要洗頭，因?yàn)闈h語里“頭發(fā)”的“發(fā)”和“發(fā)財(cái)”的“發(fā)”同音。因此，中國(guó)認(rèn)為在新年伊始把財(cái)富給沖走可不是好兆頭。

FloorsmaynotbesweptandgarbagemaynotbedisposedofonthefirstdayoftheNewYearforfearofcastingrichesoutthedoor.

在新年第一天，不拖地，不扔垃圾，因?yàn)榕掳?財(cái)"給送走了；

Don'tswearorquarrel.不要詛咒發(fā)誓，也不愿吵架；

Don'tbreakanydishes,otherwiseyoumayincurmoremisfortunefortheNewYear.Inthe皮影shadowpuppet

糖人sugar-molded

四合院courtyardhomes

踩高蹺stiltwalk

武術(shù)martialarts

人力車rickshaw

宮燈palacelantern

猜拳finger-guessinggame

說書monologuestory-telling

老字號(hào)time-honored

相聲crosstalk

三、傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日詞匯

拜年payanewyearcall

爆竹firecracker

鞭炮astringofsmallfirecrackers

大掃除year-endhousehold

燈謎lanternriddles

廟會(huì)templefair

年畫newyear’spicture

掛年畫tohangoutnewyear’spicture

年夜飯familyreuniondinneronlunarnewyear

守歲tostayawakeallnight

年糕glutinouscakefornewyear

大年初一thefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth

八寶飯eight-treasurericepudding

對(duì)聯(lián)poeticcouplets

貼春聯(lián)toputupantitheticalcouplets

糊窗花toputupwindowpaper-cuts

壓歲錢moneygiventochildrenasalunarnewyeargift

四、京劇相關(guān)詞匯

地方戲：localopera

戲劇臉譜theatricalmask

生malecharacters

旦femalecharacters

凈paintedfacecharacters

末middle-agedmalecharacters

丑clown

五、中國(guó)古代四大發(fā)明

火藥gunpowder

指南針compass

造紙術(shù)paper-makingtechniques

印刷術(shù)paper-printingtechniques

六、中國(guó)特有的事務(wù)

武術(shù)martialarts

氣功Qigong

打擂臺(tái)tofightachallengefightinanarena

聽評(píng)書tolistentohistoricalortraditionalstories

下象棋toplayChinesechess

練習(xí)書法tomakespecialstudiesofcalligraphy

畫國(guó)畫todotraditionalChinesepainting

題詩toinscribeapoem

求對(duì)tomatchanantitheticalcouplet

元宵節(jié)theLanternFestival

端午節(jié)theDragon-BoatFestival

中秋節(jié)theMid-autumnDay

荔枝節(jié)theLitchiFestival

西瓜節(jié)theWaterMelonFestival

風(fēng)箏節(jié)theKateFestival

國(guó)慶節(jié)theNationalDay

勞動(dòng)節(jié)theLaborD

婦女節(jié)theWomen’sDay

兒童節(jié)theChildren’sDay

教師節(jié)theTeachers’Day

建軍節(jié)theArmyDay

解放theLiberationin1949

建國(guó)thefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChinain1949

改革開放tocarryoutreformsandadoptopenpolicies

基層atgrass-rootlevel

干部cadre

文革theCulturalRevolution

上山下鄉(xiāng)tosettledowninthemountainousareasandinthecountryside

國(guó)民黨theKuomintang

四世同堂的大家庭anextendedfamilywithfourgenerationslivingunderthesameroof

獨(dú)生子女家庭familywithonlyonechild

大齡未婚青年elderunmarriedyouth

離退休人員retiredpeople

貧困地區(qū)poverty-strickenarea

貧困戶poverty-strickenfamily

承包toadopttheresponsib