學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精PAGEPAGE6學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精專題五短文改錯第一講詞法類錯誤真題驗證eq\x（1)（2017·全國Ⅰ）eq\x(導(dǎo)學(xué)號47404073)Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday，Itookdrivinglessons。Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders，soonceIstartedthecar，mymindgoesblank。Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether。Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword，“Speedup！”“Slowdown！"“Turningleft!”IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.Afewminuteslate，theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar。ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleontheroad.答案:Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeq\o(eighteen,\s\do11(eighteenth））birthday，Itookdrivinglessons。Istillrememberhowhardeq\o(∧,\s\do10（the/my））firstdaywas.Beforegettingintothecar，IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders，eq\o（so，\s\do10（but/yet）)onceIstartedthecar，mymindeq\o(goes，\s\do10(went）)blank。Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether。Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheeq\o(word，\s\do10(words)），“Speedup！"“Slowdown！”“eq\o(Turning，\s\do10(Turn))left！”IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.Afewminuteseq\o（late，\s\do10(later）），theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar。ItwasareliefandIcametoaeq\o（suddenly，\s\do10(sudden））stopjustinthemiddleeq\o（on,\s\do10(of）)theroad.?解析:eighteen改為eighteenth?？疾樾驍?shù)詞?！拔业?8歲生日”，應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞eighteenth。?解析:在firstday前加the或my。由序數(shù)詞first可知，其前應(yīng)加定冠詞the。也可以用形容詞性物主代詞my修飾firstday.?解析：so改為but或yet?？疾樯舷挛牡倪壿嬯P(guān)系。根據(jù)語境可知，前后兩句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故把so改為but或yet。?解析：goes改為went?？疾闀r態(tài).本文講述作者18歲生日后的那個暑假發(fā)生的事情,且通篇以過去時為主。此處應(yīng)用一般過去時，故把goes改為went.?解析:word改為words.考查名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)下文可知,教練發(fā)出了很多指令，故用word的復(fù)數(shù)形式words。?解析：Turning改為Turn?？疾橹^語動詞。此處為祈使句，并和上文中的“Speedup”和“Slowdown"并列，故改為動詞原形Turn。?解析:刪除so后的much?？疾楣潭ň湫?。此處含有“so.。.that。。.”引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，句中的much多余，故刪除。?解析：late改為later?？疾楦痹~。late意為“遲，晚”?！耙欢螘r間＋later"表示“一段時間之后”，故把late改為later。?解析：suddenly改為sudden。考查形容詞。該句中的名詞stop應(yīng)用形容詞修飾，所以把suddenly改為sudden。eq\o（○,\s\up1(10）)解析:on改為of?？疾楣潭ù钆?。inthemiddleof意為“在……的中間”，故把on改為of。eq\x（2）（2016·全國Ⅰ）eq\x(導(dǎo)學(xué)號47404074）MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive。Thoughnotverybig,buttherestaurantispopularinourarea.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.Somepeopleevenhadtowaitoutside。Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime。Instead，hehopesthatourbusinesswillgrowsteady。答案：Myuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetoeq\o（that,\s\do10（where))Ilive.Thoughnotverybig,buttherestaurantispopularinourarea.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes。Somepeopleeveneq\o(had，\s\do10（have）)towaitoutside。Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessiseq\o（honest，\s\do10(honesty)）.Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetableseq\o(or，\s\do10(and））highqualityoilareeq\o(using，\s\do10（used））forcooking。Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamseq\o(∧，\s\do10(of))becomingrichineq\o(the，\s\do10（a）)shortperiodoftime.Instead,hehopesthateq\o（our,\s\do10(his）)businesswillgroweq\o（steady，\s\do10(steadily)）.?解析：that→where.考查賓語從句。此處表達(dá)的是“靠近我所居住的地方”，故需將that改為where。where在此引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作地點狀語。?解析:but去掉.考查連詞。從屬連詞Though（雖然）不可與并列連詞but（但是）一起使用，故需去掉but.?解析:had→have?？疾闀r態(tài).整篇文章都是以現(xiàn)在時態(tài)寫的，所以需將一般過去時改為一般現(xiàn)在時。?解析：honest→honesty?？疾槊~。根據(jù)語境“我叔叔告訴我他成功的關(guān)鍵在于誠實”可知，此處該用名詞形式作表語。?解析：or→and.考查并列連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處不是表示選擇關(guān)系，而是表示“新鮮的蔬菜和優(yōu)質(zhì)的油”，故把or改為and。?解析：using→used?？疾楸粍诱Z態(tài)。freshvegetables和highqualityoil與use之間存在被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。?解析:becoming前加of?？疾榻樵~。dreamofdoingsth。是固定搭配，意為“夢想做某事”。?解析：the→a?？疾楣谠~。此處表示泛指,故用不定冠詞a，inashortperiodoftime意為“短期內(nèi)”。?解析：our→his.考查代詞.由語境及主語he可知，此處指的是叔叔的生意，故將our改為his才合乎語境。eq\o（○,\s\up1（10））解析：steady→steadily?？疾楦痹~.修飾動詞grow該用副詞，所以應(yīng)用steady的副詞形式steadily。eq\x（3)（2016·浙江卷)WhenIwasaveryyoungchildren，myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyearslate。Everytimehearrivedhomeatendoftheday，we’dgreetheratthedoor。Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowingus.Thenheandmymotherwouldhavehadadrinkwhilesheprepareddinnerandtheywouldtalkabouthisdayandhers.Whiletheychat，myfatherwouldliftmysisterandmeuptositinthetopofthefridge。Itwasbothexcitedandfrighteningtobeupthere！MysisterandIthoughthewassocoolforputtingusthere。答案:WhenIwasaveryyoungeq\o（children，\s\do10（child))，myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyearseq\o(late,\s\do10(later）)。Everytimehearrivedhomeateq\o(∧,\s\do10（the))endoftheday，we’dgreeteq\o(her，\s\do10（him))atthedoor.Hewouldaskwhoweeq\o（was,\s\do10（were)）andpretendnottoeq\o(knowing，\s\do10（know））us。Thenheandmymotherwouldhavehadadrinkwhilesheprepareddinnerandtheywouldtalkabouthisdayandhers。Whiletheyeq\o（chat，\s\do10(chatted）），myfatherwouldliftmysisterandmeuptositeq\o(in,\s\do10(on））thetopofthefridge.Itwasbotheq\o（excited，\s\do10（exciting))andfrighteningtobeupthere!MysisterandIthoughthewassocoolforputtingusthere。?解析:children改為child.考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)I和a可知，這里應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式,故改為child。?解析：late改為later。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“很多年后"，故改為later。?解析：end前添加the?？疾楣谠~。attheendof是固定詞組，表示“在……的最后"。?解析：her改為him?？疾榇~。根據(jù)上文的he可知，此處應(yīng)改為him。?解析:was改為were。考查主謂一致。根據(jù)we可知，謂語動詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故改為were。?解析：knowing改為know.考查動詞.pretend（not）todosth.“假裝（不）做某事”，此處是不定式，后面需要用動詞原形,故改為know。?解析:去掉had?？疾閯釉~。根據(jù)語境和下文的“wouldtalk”可知，此處應(yīng)該用woulddo結(jié)構(gòu)。?解析：chat改為chatted?？疾闀r態(tài)。根據(jù)全文的整體時態(tài)可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時,故改為chatted。?解析：in改為on?？疾榻樵~。onthetopof是固定詞組，表示“在……上面”。eq\o(○，\s\up1（10））解析：excited改為exciting?？疾樾稳菰~.根據(jù)語境和主語It可知，此處表示“令人激動的”，故用－ing形式的形容詞。eq\x（4)（2015·浙江卷)Myoldclassroomwasinterestingbecausethreesideoftheclassroomweremadefromglass.Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview。Ontheleft－h(huán)andsideoftheclass，Icouldeasyseethefootballfield.Inthemornings，itwasfullofstudentsexercising。Theviewfromthebackoftheclassroomisalsosplendid。Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaroundthem。Fartherinthedistance，Icouldnotenjoytheviewofsnowymountains.Ontherightsideoftheclasswastheroad.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning。ThepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademefeltlikeIwasdreaming.IfIwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom，Iwillneverforgetit.文章大意：本篇短文描寫了“我”之前的教室。雖然“我"在那個教室里學(xué)習(xí)時還是個孩子,但是“我”永遠(yuǎn)都忘不了它.答案：Myoldclassroomwasinterestingbecausethreeeq\o（side，\s\do10(sides))oftheclassroomweremadefromeq\o（－，\s\do10(of）)glass。Ienjoyedeq\o（sit，\s\do10(sitting）)closetothewindowsandlookingattheview。Ontheleft－h(huán)andsideoftheclass，Icouldeasyeq\o(－，\s\do10(easily)）seethefootballfield。Inthemornings，itwasfullofstudentsexercising.Theviewfromthebackoftheclassroomeq\o（is，\s\do10（was）)alsosplendid。Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaroundeq\o(them，\s\do10(it）).Fartherinthedistance，Icouldnotenjoytheviewofsnowymountains。Ontherightsideoftheclasswastheroad.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriverseq\o（∧，\s\do10（a)）inhurryinthemorning。Thepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademeeq\o（felt，\s\do10（feel))likeIwasdreaming。eq\o（If,\s\do10（Although/Tough)）IwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom，Iwillneverforgetit。?解析：本題考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。side改為sides.side取“側(cè)面”之意時，為可數(shù)名詞,在這里指的是教室的側(cè)面，故可數(shù)。由three可知，要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式sides。故正確答案為：將side改為sides。?解析：本題考查動詞詞組辨析。from改為of。bemadeof和bemadefrom都表示“由……制成，構(gòu)成",但bemadeof表示制成成品后,可看出原材料是什么,制作過程僅發(fā)生物理變化；而bemadefrom表示成品完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，制作過程中發(fā)生化學(xué)變化，在成品中已無法辨認(rèn).此處說教室的三面墻壁是由玻璃構(gòu)成的，顯然可以看出原材料是玻璃，應(yīng)使用bemadeof.故正確答案為：將from改為of。?解析：本題考查固定搭配.sit改為sitting。enjoydoingsth.為固定搭配，意為“享受做某事，喜歡做某事"。故此處要使用sit的v－ing形式，即sitting。故正確答案為：將sit改為sitting。?解析：本題考查副詞.easy改為easily。修飾動詞see要用easy的副詞形式easily。故正確答案為：將easy改為easily.?解析：本題考查時態(tài).is改為was.閱讀全文可知，本文描寫了作者的老教室，通篇使用過去時。此處說明“從教室后方往前看到的場景也很美",是對過去事件的一般性描述,要用一般過去時。故正確答案為：將is改為was。?解析：本題考查代詞.them改為it。介詞around指代abeautifulpark，用第三人稱單數(shù)，故正確答案為將them改為it。?解析：本題考查句意和否定詞.把not去掉。前文提到的都是在教室里能看到的景色，此處繼續(xù)，文意為“遠(yuǎn)處我能欣賞到雪山的景色”,用肯定而非否定。故正確答案為：把not去掉。?解析：本題考查固定搭配。在in和hurry之間加a。inahurry意為“立即，匆忙”。故正確答案為:在in和hurry之間加a.?解析：本題考查非謂語動詞辨析。felt改為feel。makesb。do。.。意為“使某人做某事”，makesb.done。..則為“使某人被……”,此處表達(dá)“景色使我覺得我好像在做夢”，無被動含義。故正確答案為：將felt改為feel.eq\o(○，\s\up1(10）)解析：本題考查連詞.If改為Although/Though。if意為“如果，假如”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，而此處“我只是一個小孩”和“我不會忘記”之間構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系，用although/though表“盡管，雖然”。故正確答案為：將If改為Although/Though.模擬強(qiáng)化eq\x(1）（2017·廣東省茂名市二模)eq\x(導(dǎo)學(xué)號47404075)OnedaywhenIwasonmywaytohomefromschool，Ifoundabuildingonfire。ImmediatelyIcalledthefirefighters.Severalminuteslately，thefirefightersarrivedandtriedtheirbesttocontrolthefire.Withthehelpofthefirefighters，alotofpeoplesleftthebuildingsafely.Suddenaforeignwomancameinahurrytotellthefirefighterseverything.Buttheycan'tunderstandwhatshesaid.Iwenttothewomanandaskedherthatwashappening.Shetoldmethathisdaughterwasstillinthebuilding.Itoldthefirefightersaboutitatonce。Theyimmediatelyrunintothebuildingandrescuedlittlegirl.文章大意：本文主要講述作者在回家的路上看到一棟建筑物著火了,打電話報警后，消防員很快撲滅了大火。但突然一名外國婦女跑來說她女兒還在建筑物里，但消防員們聽不懂，最后，作者將這些告訴了消防員,他們救出了那個小女孩。答案:OnedaywhenIwasonmywaytohomefromschool,Ifoundabuildingonfire。ImmediatelyIcalledthefirefighters。Severalminuteseq\o（lately,\s\do10(later)），thefirefightersarrivedandtriedtheirbesttocontrolthefire。Withthehelpofthefirefighters，alotofeq\o(peoples,\s\do10(people)）leftthebuildingsafely.eq\o（Sudden,\s\do10(Suddenly））aforeignwomancameinahurrytotellthefirefighterseq\o(everything,\s\do10（something）)。Buttheyeq\o（can’t，\s\do10(couldn’t））understandwhatshesaid。Iwenttothewomanandaskedhereq\o（that,\s\do10（what）)washappening.Shetoldmethateq\o(his，\s\do10(her））daughterwasstillinthebuilding.Itoldthefirefightersaboutitatonce.Theyimmediatelyeq\o（run，\s\do10（ran））intothebuildingandrescuedeq\o（∧，\s\do10(the）)littlegirl。?解析:考查介詞。home意為“回家"，是副詞，其前不加介詞to。?解析：考查副詞。later用于一段具體時間之后,表示從過去或?qū)硭闫鸬亩嚅L時間以后，但通常不指從現(xiàn)在算起的多久以后。?解析：考查詞語用法.people指“人”時，是集合名詞，本身就是復(fù)數(shù)形式，不需要加s表示復(fù)數(shù)。?解析：考查副詞。修飾句子要用副詞，形容詞sudden的副詞是suddenly.?解析：根據(jù)句意：告訴消防員一些事情。用something。?解析：考查動詞時態(tài)。全文講述的是過去的事情，用一般過去時態(tài)。?解析：考查代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句中缺少主語，用what作主語，同時引導(dǎo)賓語從句。?解析：考查代詞。her指代thewoman。?解析：考查動詞時態(tài).全文講述的是過去的事情，用一般過去時態(tài)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(10））解析：考查冠詞。前文已提到過她的女兒，此處littlegirl前加定冠詞the表示特指。eq\x（2）（2017·福建省漳州市5月質(zhì)檢）eq\x（導(dǎo)學(xué)號47404076）LookingbacktotheNationalEnglishSpeakingCompetitionItakepartinseveraldaysago，Ihavealottosharetoyou。Firstly，IfeelrealdelightedthatI’vewonthefirstprizeinthecompetition,whichmakesmetounderstandthetruemeaningoftheproverb“Nopains，nogains”．Besides，I’veestablishedthefriendshipwithstudentsfromalloverourcountry，fromwhichI'velearnedalot.Moreimportantly，participateinthiscompetitionhasenabledmetoovercomemyfearofspeakinginpublic，thusdevelopingmyself-confidence.Additionally,Iowemuchthankstomyteachersandjudges。Withouthishelp，Icouldn'thavedonesuchexcellentjob.Tosumup，Iwillalwaystreasurethismeaningfulandmemorableexperiences.文章大意:作者回顧自己參加英語演講比賽后的一些體會。答案：LookingbacktotheNationalEnglishSpeakingCompetitionIeq\o（take,\s\do10(took）)partinseveraldaysago，Ihavealottoshareeq\o(to，\s\do10（with））you。Firstly，Ifeeleq\o（real，\s\do10（really)）delightedthatI'vewonthefirstprizeinthecompetition，whichmakesmetounderstandthetruemeaningoftheproverb“Nopains，nogains”．Besides,I’veestablishedthefriendshipwithstudentsfromalloverourcountry,fromeq\o（which，\s\do10（whom）)I’velearnedalot.Moreimportantly，eq\o(participate,\s\do10（participating))inthiscompetitionhasenabledmetoovercomemyfearofspeakinginpublic，thusdevelopingmyselfconfidence。Additionally，Ioweeq\o(much，\s\do10(many）)thankstomyteachersandjudges。Withouteq\o(his,\s\do10(their））help,Icouldn’thavedonesucheq\o(∧，\s\do10(an))excellentjob.Tosumup,Iwillalwaystreasurethismeaningfulandmemorableeq\o(experiences,\s\do10(experience)）。?解析：考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)本句中的時間狀語severaldaysago可知用過去時，故take改為took.?解析:考查介詞.此處為固定搭配：sharewithsb。和某人分享。?解析：考查副詞。此處為副詞修飾形容詞delighted，故用really。?解析：考查動詞。此處為make的固定用法:makesbdosth：讓某人做某事，故去掉to.?解析：考查連詞。此處為定語從句，先行詞為students，是人,而且關(guān)系代詞前有介詞，介詞后接表示人的關(guān)系代詞只能用whom。?解析：考查動名詞。此處為動名詞短語做主語。不能用動詞原形做主語,故改為participate.?解析：考查代詞。此處thanks是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，不能用much，要用many才能修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù).?解析：考查代詞。此處是指前文中提到的老師們和裁判們的幫助，是他們的，故用their。?解析:考查冠詞。此處為固定搭配:doanexcellentjob:做得好,做得漂亮.eq\o（○，\s\up1(10））解析：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。此處是指這一次的經(jīng)歷，應(yīng)該為單數(shù)概念，故用experience。eq\x（3）（2017·河北省衡水中學(xué)二模）Inmymind，Icouldneverfancyhowtensecondoflifecouldchangeaperson'sviewforhiswholeexistence。AfewyearsagoIexperiencetheworstmomentinmylife。Iwasdrivinghomethatafternoon。Unfortunately，Ididn'tmakeithomeasusuallybecauseIhadacaraccident.WhileIwasdriving，allofasudden,butthecarinfrontofmestopped.Mycarimmediatelyranintoit.Luckily,Iwasn’tserioushurt.ThataccidentchangedwayIdriveandtheytaughtmeavaluablelesson。Ialsocametotheconclusionwhichlifeneedstobetreasuring.答案：Inmymind，Icouldneverfancyhowteneq\o（second，\s\do10（seconds）)oflifecouldchangeaperson'svieweq\o（for，\s\do10(on/about））hiswholeexistence.AfewyearsagoIeq\o(experience,\s\do10（experienced）)theworstmomentinmylife.Iwasdrivinghomethatafternoon.Unfortunately，Ididn'tmakeithomeaseq\o(usually,\s\do10（usual))becauseIhadacaraccident.WhileIwasdriving，allofasudden，butthecarinfrontofmestopped。Mycarimmediatelyranintoit。Luckily，Iwasn'teq\o（serious,\s\do10（seriously)）hurt.Thataccidentchangedeq\o(∧,\s\do10(the)）wayIdriveandeq\o(they，\s\do10（it)）taughtmeavaluablelesson.Ialsocametotheconclusioneq\o(which，\s\do10(that)）lifeneedstobeeq\o(treasuring,\s\do10(treasured）).?解析：句意：在我心中，我無法想象生活的十秒能怎樣改變一個人對于他整個存在的觀點。second表示“秒”是可數(shù)名詞，前面有ten修飾，故要用復(fù)數(shù)形式.故second改為seconds。?解析：考查介詞。表示某人關(guān)于某一事物的態(tài)度、觀點，或者關(guān)于哪個方面的課題、論文、演講等用on或about。故for改為on/about。?解析：考查時態(tài).句意:幾年前我經(jīng)歷了生命中最困難的時刻.根據(jù)時間狀語afewyearsago可知，用一般過去時，故experience改為experienced.?解析:句意：我并沒有按時回到家,因為我發(fā)生了一場車禍。本題考查詞組asusual,表示“像往常一樣”。故usually改為usual。?解析：句意:當(dāng)我開車時,我前面的車突然停下來了。本句是由While引導(dǎo)的狀語從句,主句前面不用連詞，故刪去thecar前面的but.?解析:考查副詞.句意:我傷的并不嚴(yán)重。這里用副詞修飾句子，故serious改為seriously。?解析：句意：這次事故改變了我開車的方法。這里的方法是特指，故changed和way之間加the。?解析：考查代詞。句意:那次事故改變了我開車的方法,它也給我上了寶貴的一課。這里用it指代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞單數(shù)thataccident，故they改為it。?解析：考查同位語從句。句意：我也得出了生命需要被珍視的結(jié)論。名詞theconclusion后接從句表示theconclusion的內(nèi)容，構(gòu)造了同位語從句,引導(dǎo)詞在句中只起連接作用，無意義，不作成分,故要用that.eq\o(○，\s\up1（10）)解析:句意：我也得出了生命需要被珍視的結(jié)論。根據(jù)句意可知，動詞treasure要用被動語態(tài)的形式，故treasuring改為treasured.eq\x（4）(2017·河南省洛陽市二模)eq\x（導(dǎo)學(xué)號47404077)WhenIwasakid，myfatherandmotherweremademejoinatennisclubinthecenterofourcity。Everydaybothmyparentwouldtakemetoclubafterschool。Iplayedtennis,atesnacksanddidmyhomeworkhere.Itwasbasicallymysecondfamily.AwomanwhosenamewasLiLi，myfirst