定語從句(theAttributiveClause)一.定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞(antecedent)。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞(relativepronoun)和關(guān)系副詞(relativeadverb)。例如：Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.二.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定語從句，在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語從句中充當一個成分。關(guān)系代詞做主語，賓語，定語；關(guān)系副詞可作狀語。1.作主語：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如：Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.2.作賓語：SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape〞.3.作定語關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如：What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.4.作狀語I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.三.各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法1.who指人，在定語從句中作主語。例如：Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.2.whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。例如：Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate？Mr.Lee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.3.whose指人或物，在定語從句中作定語。e.g.Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.IknowthebookwhosenameisTheRedRoseisveryinteresting.注:(1)whose引導(dǎo)定語從句其先行詞可以是人也可以是物，且應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語；(2)whose在從句中與它所修飾的名詞一起可作介詞賓語，可以與介詞一起放在先行詞與從句之間;e.g.ThebossinwhosedepartmentMr.Kingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.(3)whose的先行詞指物時，可用ofwhich代替，但詞序不同，即whose加名詞=the+名詞+ofwhich.e.g.Helivesintheroomwhosewindow(thewindowofwhich)facessouth.4.which指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如：Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.5.that多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如：I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?6.when指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：I’llneverforgetthedayswhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.7.where指地點，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.四.關(guān)系代詞whom，which在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將whom與which與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，e.g.

Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.五.具體使用時還要注意以下問題：1.只能使用that,不用which的情況：(1)先行詞是all,few,little,much,something,nothing,everything,anything等不定代詞時。Allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行詞被only,no,any,all,some,every,few等詞修飾時.Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(3)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行詞既包括人又包括物時。Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethings(that)heremembered.(6)當主語是以who或which開頭的特殊問句時，須用that以避免與先行詞重復(fù)。Whoistheboythatwasherejustnow?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?(7)當先行詞在定語從句中作表語時。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitusedtobe.2.用which，不用that的情況：(1)當關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時。Azooisaparkinwhichmanyanimalsarekept.Thisisthejobatwhichtheylaughed.介詞+which/whom時，不能用that和who，假設(shè)介詞放在從句之后不提前，那么可代替，也可省略。Idon’tknowtheman(whom/who/that)youtalkedto.(=Idon’tknowthemantowhomyoutalked.)

(2)在非限制性定語從中。e.g.Themotorbike,whichbelongstomehasbeenstolen.Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.3)在一個句子中有兩個定語從句。前一個用that的話，另一個就用which.LetmeshowyouthebookthatIboughtfromtheshopwhichisnearmyhome.引導(dǎo)的定語從句as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,構(gòu)成thesame…as…,such…as….,so...as等結(jié)構(gòu).Ilikethesamebookasyouhave.Ishalldoitagaininthesamewayasyoudid.Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.[注意]此處要注意定語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別.Mr.Chengaveussuchadifficultquestionasnobodyworkedout.Mr.Chengaveussuchadifficultquestionthatnobodyworkeditout.4.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時,從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致.Those

whoareagainsttheplanpleasesignyournameshere.AnyonewhobreaksthelawistobepunishedTomisoneofthestudents

whowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.一.用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.4.Theman______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.that/whichwho/thatthat/whichwho/thatthatthatwhichwhich/thatwherewhen二.用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將以下每對句子連成一個含定語從句的復(fù)合句1.

Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.___________________________________________________________2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.___________________________________________________________3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.___________________________________________________________4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.___________________________________________________________5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.___________________________________________________________6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.___________________________________________________________7.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle.___________________________________________________________8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.___________________________________________________________9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.___________________________________________________________10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.___________________________________________________________Theboywho/thatwashereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother.BeijingHotelwheretheforeignvisitorsliveisnearTianAnMensquare.Ienjoyedreadingthebook(which/that)yougavemelastweek.

三、單項填空1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?---Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.

heB.thatC.whomD.which2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which5.Thisistheplace

_____Ihaveevervisited.

A.there

B.when

C.where

D.which6.Nobodyknowsthereason