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2018

年

12

月大學英語四級真題完整版（第

3套）

PartI

Writing

(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthechallengesofstudyingabroad.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

髏璽蠱浹嫗狀釔鷲囅鏘鄖鋯覦會蹌。PartⅡ ListeningComprehension (25minutes)

PartⅢ ReadingComprehension (40minutes)

摻鼉鉉騅試莧涇試倀謐癆韋亞黨蕎。SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce．

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

騖鑰崢碭櫚鮒許騶鉺磚詠嶸溫詰傘。Haveyoueverusedemailtoapologizetoacolleague?Delivereda26toasubordinate(下屬)withavoice-mailmessage?Flownbyplaneacrossthecountryjusttodeliverimportantnewsinperson?Thevariouscommunicationoptionsatourfingertipstodaycanbegoodfor27andproductivityandatthesametimeverytroublesome.Withsomanywaystocommunicate,howshouldamanagerchoosethe

onethat’sbest28whenthemessagetobedeliveredisbadorunwelcomenewsfortherecipient?We’ve29businesscommunicationconsultantsandetiquette(禮儀)expertstocomeupwiththefollowingguidelinesfor30usingthealterativewaysofdeliveringdifficultmessages.鱘輊紺隕韻賒盤惻躪銨趨電饜驃賦。Firstofall,choosehowpersonalyouwanttobe.Aface-to-facecommunicationis

themost31.Otherchoices,indescendingorderofpersonalization,are:areal-timephonecall,avoice-mailmessage,ahandwrittennote,atypewrittenletter,andthe

most32isemail.Someofthesemaychangeorderaccordingtothe33situationoryourownpreferences;forexample,ahandwrittennotemightseemmorepersonalthanvoicemail.Howdoyoudecideonthebestchoiceforthedifficultmessageyou’vegottodeliver?“My34concernis:HowcanIsoftenorcivilizethismessage?”saysetiquetteexpertDanaCasperson.“SowhenIapologize,Iusuallychoosein-personfirst,oraphoneconversationasmytopalternative,andmaybeahandwrittennotenext.ApologizingbyemailissomethingInowtotally35.”鶘頜釁鱘顎監(jiān)鍍鈉燜兌緙親凜鰍踐。A)avoidE)intimateI)rewardM)unfriendlyB)convenienceF)particularlyJ)silentN)warningC)effectivelyG)primaryK)specificO)witnessedD)escapeH)promptL)surveyedSectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

HowaPoor,AbandonedParisianBoyBecameaTopChef?

ThebusystreetsinPariswereunevenandcakedinthickmud,buttherewasalwaysabreathtakingsighttoseeintheshopwindowsofPatisseriedelaRuedelaPaix.By1814,peoplecrowdedoutsidethebakery,strainingforaglimpseofthelatestsweetfoodcreatedbytheyoungchefwhoworkedinside.

HisnamewasMarie-AntoineCareme,andhehadappeared,oneday,almostoutofnowhere.Butinhisshortlifetime,whichendedexactly181yearsagotoday,hewouldforeverrevolutionizeFrenchgourmetfood(美食)writebest-sellingcookbooksand

thinkupmagicaldishesforroyalsandotherimportantpeople.

Careme’schildhoodwasoneparttragedy,equalpartmystery.Bornthe16thchildtopoorparentsinParisineither1783or1784,ayoungCaremewassuddenly

abandonedattheheightoftheFrenchRevolution.At8yearsold,heworkedasakitchenboyforarestaurantinParisinexchangeforroomandboard.Byage15,hehadbecomeanapprentice(學徒)toSylvainBailly,awell-knowndessertchefwithasuccessful

bakeryinoneofParis ’smostfashionableneighborhoods.

Caremewasquickatlearninginthekitchen.Baillyencouragedhisyoungapprenticetolearntoreadandwrite.CaremewouldoftenspendhisfreeafternoonsatthenearbyNationalLibraryreadingbooksonartandarchitecture.Inthebackroomof

thelittlebakery,hisinterestindesignandhisbakingtalentcombinedtoworkwondersheshapeddeliciousmasterpiecesoutofflour,butterandsugar.黲誥審俁畫偉鈀戀蘇荊鎘頎襲奮嘰。[E]Inhisteenageyears,Caremefashionedeatablecopiesofthelate18thcenturymostfamousbuildingscookiesintheshapeofruinsofancientAthensandpiesintheshapeofancientChinesepalacesandtemples.SylvainBailly,hismaster,displayedtheseluxuriantcreationsoftenaslargeas4feettallinhisbakerywindows.

[F]CaremecreationssooncapturedthediscriminatingeyeofaFrenchdiplomat,繞縱貝壚輥鰈噸綈蹤牘別拋靜纈罵。

CharlesMauricedeTalleyrand-Perigord.Around1804,TalleyrandchallengedCaremetoproduceafullmenuforhisPersonalcastle,instatingeyoungbakertouselocalseasonfruitsandvegetablesandtoavoidrepeatingmaindishesoverthecourseofanentireyear.TheexperimentwasagrandsuccessandTalleyrand’associationwithFrenchnobilitywouldproveaprofitableconnectionforCareme.

FrenchEmperorNapoleonBonapartewasknowntobeunimpressedbythedecliningtasteofearly18thcenturycooking,butunderpressuretoentertainParishighsociety,hetoocalledCaremetohiskitchenatTuileriesPalace.In1810,CaremedesignedtheextraordinarycakefortheweddingofNapoleonandhissecondbride,

Marie-luiseofAustria.Hebecameoneofthefirstmodernchefstofocusonthe

畢鯊嫗噯冊兌鄴爺穎罌讖電滿邐聵。appearanceofhistable,notjusttheflavorofhisdishes.“Iwantorderandtaste,displayedmealisenhancedonehundredpercentinmyeyes,”helaterwroteinoneof

hiscookbooks

[H]In1816,Caremebeginaculinary(烹飪的)journeywhichwouldforevermark

hisplaceashistory’sfirsttopchef.HevoyagedtoEnglandtocookinthemodernGreatKitchenoftheprinceregent(攝政王)GeorgeIV,andcrossedcontinentstoprepare

grandbanquetsforthetablesofTsarAlexanderIofRussia.Neverafraidtotalkuphisownaccomplishments,boastfulCarememadeafortuneaswealthyfamilieswithsocialambitionsinvitedhimtotheirkitchens.Later,inhiscookbooks,hewouldoftenincludeasketchofhimself,sothatpeopleonthestreetwouldbeabletorecognizeandadmirehim.

Careme’scookingdisplaysbecamethesymboloffineFrenchdining;theywere

plentiful,beautifulandimposing.GuestswouldfallsilentinwonderasservantscarriedCareme’sfancycreationsintothedininghall.ForabanquetcelebratingtheGrandDuke

NicholasofRussia ’svisittoGeorgeIV ’sBrightonPaviliononJan.18,1817,themenu

featured120differentdishes,highlightingeightdifferentsoups40maincourses,and32desserts

Ashetraveledthroughthehomesofearly19thcenturynobility,CaremeforgedthenewartofFrenchgourmetfood.Lockedinhotkitchens,Caremecreatedhisfour“mothersauces.”Thesesaucesbechamel,veloute,espagnoleandallemande

formedthecentralbuildingblocksformanyFrenchmaincourses.Healsoperfected

thesouffl éabakedeggdish,andintroducedthestandardchef ’suniformthes

double-breastedwhitecoatandtallwhitehatstillwornbymanychefstoday.Thewhiteclothingconveyedanimageofcleanliness,accordingtoCaremeandinhisrealm,appearancewaseverything.

Betweenmeals,CaremewrotecookbooksthatwouldbeusedinEuropeankitchensforthenextcentury.HismanualsincludingTheRoyalParisianBakerandthemassive癩縵貫鄧氫櫳誦賻闔獲薊鰈諞鯡訴。five-volumeArtofFrenchCookingSeries(1833-1847completedafterhisdeath)firstsystematizedmanybasicprinciplesofcooking,completewithdrawingsandstep-by-stepdirections.Longbeforetelevisioncookingshows,Caremewalkedreadersthrough

commonkitchentasks,instructingthemto“trythisforyourself,athome”asfaAmericanChefJulliaChildmightdo,manyyearslater,

Intheend,however,itwasthekitchenthatdidCaremein.Decadesofworkingovercoalfiresintight,closedspaceswithlittlefreshair(toensurehisdisheswouldnotget責餃蠻鑄箋剛誹轢樁嚴鉺烴嫗衛(wèi)墾。

cold)hadfatallydamagedhislungs.OnJan.12,1833,Caremediedjustbeforeheturned50.齠靚愴鉦摑諛囀藝穡攆窮執(zhí)聲邁門。[M]Butinhislifetime,Careme,everconfident,couldseebeyondhisshortdominationinthekitchen.Hewantedto“setthestandardforbeautyinclassicalandmoderncooking,andprovetothedistantfuturethattheFrenchchefsofthe19thcenturywere

themostfamousintheworld, ”ashewroteinhispapers

漿齪誣額討綠鎩鑿潛蝦繭濟楓櫸審。Caremewasamongthefirstchefswhostressedboththeappearanceandflavorofdishes.

CaremewantedtoshowtolatergenerationsthatFrenchchefsofhistimeweremost

outstandingintheworld.

CaremebenefitedgreatlyfromservingaFrenchdiplomatandhisconnections.

CaremelearnedhistradefromafamousdessertchefinParis.

Careme’screativeworkswereexhibitedintheshopwindowsbyhismaster..

Careme’sknowledgeofartandarchitecturehelpedhimcreateextraordinarydessertsoutofordinaryingredient.

ManypeopleinPariswereeagertohavealookatthelatestsweetfoodmadebyCareme.

Caremebecomeextremelywealthybycookingforrichandsociallyambitiousfamilies.

Careme’swritingdealtwithfundamentalcookingprinciplesinasystematicway.

Careme’scontributiontoFrenchcookingwasrevolutionary.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

撓鴻鷯續(xù)綈浹賊鼉嘔諦籩鑊貳價鍶。PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Roughlythesizeofasodacansittingonabookshelf,arelativelyharmlessgadgetmaybeturningfriendsawayfromyourhome.TheelephantinyourlivingroomisyourInternet-connectedsecuritycamera,adevicepeopleareincreasinglyusingforpeaceofmindintheirhomes.Butfewstoptothinkabouttheeffectthesedevicesmayhaveon

houseguests.Shouldyoutellyourfriends,forinstance,thatthey’rebeingrecordedwhileyouallwatchthebiggametogether?

“It’scertainlynewterritory,especiallyashomesecuritycamerasbecomeeasierto

install, says”LizziePost,presidentoftheEmilyPostInstitute,America foremost’鏌廂綜鵑鎣撳紛閥羥嘸鯧丟說幘躦。mannersadvisors.“Ithinkitwillbeveryinterestingtoseewhatetiquette(禮儀)

emergesintermsofwhetheryoutellpeopleyouhaveacameraornot,andwhether

guestshavearighttoaskthatitbeturnedoff,ifit'snotasecurityissue.

Postwantstomakeclearthatshesnottalkingaboutlegalrights,butratherpersonal話師摯奩繕頓趨諤朧熾鋦節(jié)鵓圇鶘。

”

preferences.Shealsowantstoexplainthattherearenorightorwronganswersregardingmannersonthisfrontyet,becausethetechnologyisjustnowbecoming緒紛鄒綞擔礎(chǔ)躊還銫鶘圓銻襤臠壽。mainstream.Besides,theEmilyPostInstitutedoesn ’tdictatemanners.

Whenitcomestosecuritycameras,Postsaysit ’sahost ’sresponsibilitytomak

sureguestsfeelcomfortablewithintheirhome. “I’malwaysafanofbeingopenand

honest.”Forinstance,ifthehostcasuallyacknowledgesthatthereisacameraintheroombytellingastoryaboutit,thatmaybeenoughtoprovideanopeningforaguesttosayiftheyareuncomfortable.

However,ifacontractorisworkinginyourhome,youdon ’tneedtotellthemtha

therearecameraswatching.Thenagain,theairofaccountabilitythatthecamera

generatescanalsoworkincontractors ’favor, “Ifanythingdoesgowrongwhilethey

inthehouse,theydon ’twanttobeblamedforit, ”shesays. “Infact,thecamer

bethethingthatprovesthattheydidn ’tstealthe$20,orknockthevaseoffthetable.

賴勱嶇應燙葒鍋誣惡躋藶頗濾滬憤。Forwhatreasonmayyourfriendsfeelreluctanttovisityourhome?A)Thesecuritycamerainstalledmayintrudeintotheirprivacy.

B)Theydon’twanttheirphotostobecirculatedontheInternet.C)Thesecuritycameramayturnouttobeharmfultotheirhealth.D)Theymaynotbewillingtointeractwithyourfamilymembers

飯緣嚕擇癮餼塊鈍眾漁琿國鏈憂鰓。WhatdoesLizziePostsayisnewterritory?

Theeffectofmannersadvice

Costofapplyingnewtechnologiesathome

Theincreasinguseofhomesecuritydevices

Etiquettearoundhomesecuritycameras.

礬氈鑲諸覡溝襉軛燾鋌撈著銜瀝歟。48.WhatisLizziePostmainlydiscussingwithregardtotheuseofhomesecuritycameras?

Legalrights

Moralissues

Likesanddislikesofindividuals.

Thepossibleimpactonmanners.

Whatisahost’sresponsibilityregardingsecuritycameras,accordingtoLizziePost?A)Makingtheirguestsfeelatease

B)IndicatingwheretheyareC)Turningthemoffintime.

D)Ensuringtheirguests ’privacy.

詣鎮(zhèn)藹贅紱鵬嶧濃鈔蔥闕現(xiàn)齬藺鎊。Inwhatwaycanthehomesecuritycamerabenefitvisitorstoyourhome?A)Itcansatisfytheircuriosity.

Itcanprovetheirinnocence.

Itcanhelpthemlearnnewtechnology.

Itcanmaketheirvisitmoreenjoyable.綃搖競則駐繩鈦欏數(shù)劌誆銃綬篳溈。PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

纈擊輕鱒廣蕪矚龕滅濰喚習轔閫錆。PepsiCoistospendbillionsofdollarstodevelopdrinksandsnacksandreformulateexistingoneswithlowersugar,saltandfat,asconsumersdemandhealthieroptionsandregulatorypressureintensifiesamidanobesityepidemic（流行病）.

ThemakerofMountainDewandGatoradehasbeenoneoftheearliermoversintheindustrytoofferproductswithreducedlevelsofunhealthyingredientsPepsiCoclaimsapacketofitschipsnowcontainslesssaltthanasliceofwhitebread.However,itsnew10-yearplanmakesclearitbelievesitstillhasalongwaytogo.

Shiftingeatinghabits,includingasharpdropinconsumptionofsparklingdrinks,haveforcedradicalchangeontheindustry.Butthoseshiftshaveyettobereflectedinrecordobesitylevels,whichstandat36.5%overallintheUS.

IndraNooyi,PepsiCochairman,saidtheplantomakeitsproductshealthierwas

importantforthecompany’sgrowth.Butonthesubjectofobesity,shepointedoutthatconsumers’lifestyleshavechangedsignificantly,withmanypeoplebeingmoresedentary（久坐不動的）notleastbecausemoretimeisspentinfrontofcomputers.ShesaidPepsiCo’scontributionwastoproducehealthiersnacksthatstilltastedgood.

Societyhastochangeitshabits,sheadded.“Wecan’tdomuchtoaltersedentarlifestyles,butwecanprovideconsumerswithgreat-tastingproducts,lowinsalt,sugar

andfat.Inthepastwehadtohaveatastetrade-off.Butwerebreakingthattrade-off.

PepsiCo’plansforitsfoodsanddrinksisbasedonguidelinesfromtheWorld

HealthOrganization,whichlastweekbackedusingtaxesonsparklingdrinkstoreducesugarconsumption.Initiativesalsoincludeeffortstoreduceitsenvironmentalimpact,waterconsumptionandmaterialsusedinpackagingby2025.

PepsiCodidnotsayexactlyhowmuchitplannedtoinvesttoreachitsgoals.However,Dr.MehmoodKhan,chiefscientificofficer,saidthecompanyhaddoubledresearchanddevelopmentspendinginthepastfiveyearsandwas“committedto

sustaininginvestment”,addingthatcompaniescannotcost-cuttheirwaytoincreasingsales