第1頁（共1頁）2021-2022學(xué)年上海市長寧區(qū)高三（上）期末英語試卷（一模）Ⅰ.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections：InSectionA，youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper，anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．（1分）A.＄10.B.＄20.C.＄25.D.＄50.2．（1分）A.Joinawalkingclub.B.Findanotherlift.C.Takethelift.D.Walkupstairs.3．（1分）A.Heissensitive.B.Heisrude.C.Heisdetermined.D.Heisfrank.4．（1分）A.Breakfasttime.B.Telephoneservice.C.Roomnumber.D.Businesshours.5．（1分）A.Buysomefood.B.Attendtoherfather.C.Gotoacafeteria.D.Sendherfathertohospital.6．（1分）A.Heislookingforanewjob.B.Heisunwillingtowork.C.Hehasrecentlylosthisjob.D.Heisadiligentperson.7．（1分）A.Hehasreceivedseveraloffers.B.Heregretsturningdowntheoffer.C.Hetakesbusinesstripsfrequently.D.Hedislikesbeingawayfromhome.8．（1分）A.Theyaredissatisfiedwithitnow.B.TheyaredelightedatitsFrenchfood.C.Theyaregladtoseeitsnewmanager.D.Theyareunhappywiththepricesofitsfood.9．（1分）A.Theywerenotpartofthecampus.B.Theyaresurroundedbytrees.C.Theywererebuiltinthe1500s.D.Theyhavealonghistory.10．（1分）A.Themanshouldbeworkingonhisproject.B.Themanneedstorelaxattheweekend.C.Sheisworriedaboutherproject.D.Sheisuninterestedinsurfing.SectionBDirections：InSectionB，youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation，andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice，butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.11．（4.5分）（1）A.Aspecialschool.B.Animportantdecision.C.Aneweducationpolicy.D.Atypicalteachingmethod.（2）A.Parents.B.Students.C.Kitchenstaff.D.Cleaners.（3）A.Ithasnotimetableatall.B.Teachersgivenohomework.C.Itimposesitssystemontostudents.D.Studentshavetheirsayinhowtorunit.12．（4.5分）（1）A.Peopleusedthestoveslessoften.B.Outdoorairpollutionwasnotthatserious.C.Indoorairpollutionwasrelatedtothewayofcooking.D.Anincreasingnumberoftreeswerecutdowneveryyear.（2）A.Takingadvantageofgreenerenergy.B.BuildingabaseintheHimalayas.C.Dependingonanimalwasteforfuel.D.Findinglandcoveredwithforests.（3）A.Itwasresistanttowater.B.Itwaseasytopackandmove.C.Itworkedwellonrainydays.D.Itlookedlikeapotorapan.13．（6分）（1）A.Heisacollector.B.Heisanenvironmentalist.C.HeisstudyingChina.D.Heispromotinganimalprotection.（2）A.Forsixyears.B.Forsevenyears.C.Forthirtyyears.D.Forfiftyyears.（3）A.Hehas500ofthem.B.Hegotthemfromsecond﹣handshops.C.Hegavesomeofthemtohisfriends.D.Hesparedaroomforthem.（4）A.Hisfriendsrequestedhimtostarttheclub.B.Chinaelephantsenjoyarelativelylonghistory.C.Littleinformationaboutchinaelephantswasavailable.D.Hewantedtokeepintouchwithotherelephantlovers.Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.14．（10分）AccentingAccentsTobea"slasher"，apersonwithmultipleoccupations，isarecentpopularconceptamongyoungChinese.However，XuKaifei（1）（do）thissince20yearsago.BornandbroughtupinHaikou，HainanProvinceinSouthChina，Xuisanownewmediajournalist.Butthe36﹣year﹣old，（2）stage﹣nameisJin'anzai，isbetterknownasarapper（說唱歌手）.Xu'shighschoolyearswerefilledwithpopsongsfromHongKong，（3）（write）intheCantonesedialect，whichismostlyspokeninsouthChina，includingHongKong.（4）（listen）tothem，herealizedthatfewpeopleusedtheHainandialecttowritesongs.In2008，hewrotearapsong，Domldoml，meaning（5）todoinHainanese."Hainaneseisnotasystematiclanguage.Itisdifficulttorhyme（押韻）whenrapping.Buttheartistwrotegoodwords.Also，thegenre（類型）ofthissongisadvanced，manyyearsaheadoftoday'sHipHoptrend，"amusicfanpostedonNetEaseCloudMusic，amusicplatformsetupbyInternettechnologygiantNetEase，commenting（6）Xu'seffort.（7）Xu'ssocialmediaaccounthasonlyabout26，000followers，muchlessthanfamouspopstars'accounts，heisstillproudofhismusicbecause（8）recordshishometown'sbeautifuldialect.Over80percentofthepopulationinHainanspeakHainanese，accordingtothewebsiteoftheHainanProvincialGovernment.In2019，over9millionpeople（9）（estimate）toliveinHainan.Today，moreandmoresongsandfilmsareincludingdialects.Itnotonlycreatesanartisticeffectbutalsoguidesdialectspeakers（10）（rediscover）theirlanguage.Suchartisticofferingscanbreakgeographicallimitationsandwintheappreciationofpeopleinotherareas.SectionBDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.15．（10分）A.abandonedB.adventureC.allowD.appreciateE.curvingF.effortlesslyG.exploringH.outlinesI.relativelyJ.territoryK.windsMarvelousMallorcaLocatedoffthesoutherncoastofSpain，theislandofMallorcaisoftenpraisedasoneofthejewelsoftheMediterranean.AstheSpanishroyalfamily'spreferredsummervacationspot，Mallorca（1）charmsvisitorswithitsbeautifulvillagesandmountainscoveredinorangeandlemontrees.Sinceitisa（n）（2）smallisland，Mallorcaisbestseenbybicycle.TheSerradeTramuntanaMountainrangerunsalongtheisland'snorth﹣westerncoastandcoversnearly30percentoftheisland's（3），whichmakesitacyclist'sdream.The（4）roadsthatcrossthetallpeaksandrockycliffsprovidesomeofthemostchallengingcyclingontheisland.However，mostoftheisland'svisitorscometoseeMallorca'ssplendidcoast.Thoughthereareseveralbusybeachresortsbuiltspecificallyfortourists，you'rebetteroff（5）the260beachesaroundtheislandonyourown.Alongthesouthcoast，you'llfindwhitesandsandclearbluewatersseeminglymadejustfordiving.Intheeast，keepaneyeoutforhiddenbaysthat（6）forpeacefulswimmingeveninhighseason.AlthoughMallorca'sbeacheshavebeenitsmainattractionformanyyears，morerecently，visitorshavebeguntoappreciatetheisland'sculturalattractionstoo.ManyofMallorea'sgrandoldhousesand（7）farmsarebeingturnedintoresortswherevisitorscanenjoytherelaxedlifestyleoftheMallorcancountryside.Palma，Mallorca'slivelycapital，isalsohometomanymuseums，historicbuildings，andgalleries.Hereyou'llbeableto（8）paintingsbygreatSpanishmastersuchasPicasso，Dali，andMiro，whoseformerhouseinthecity'swesterndistrictisopentovisitors.Astheday（9）down，spendaneveningenjoyingafreshlycaughtsupperinoneofPalma'soceanfrontrestaurantswhiletakinginabeautifulMallorcansunset.WhatbetterwaytowrapupyourSpanish（10）？Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.16．（15分）Hugelyambitiousinscope，TheLordoftheRingsoccupiesanuncomfortablepositionin20thcenturyliterature.ThisbookofJ.R.R.Tolkien'sposesachallengetomodernliteratureanditsdefenders.（Tolkienonhis（1）："Somewhohavereadthebook，oratanyratehavereviewedit，havefounditboring，ridiculous，orannoying；andIhavenocausetocomplain，sinceIhavesimilaropinionsoftheirworks，orofthekindsofwritingthattheyevidently（2）."）YetTheLordoftheRingshasenjoyedmassiveandenduringpopularity.ItwouldseemthatTolkien'sworksuppliedsomethingthatwas（3）amongtheformalinnovationsof20thcenturyfiction，somethingforwhichreaderswerehungry.Butwhatwasit，andwhywasitimportant？ItseemsthatthekeypointliesinTolkien'swholeheartedrejectionofmodernityandmodernism.Thisiswhatsopowerfully（4）somereaders，andjustaspowerfullydrivesawayothers.InhisbookJ.R.R.Tolkien：AuthoroftheCentury，T.A.ShippeyexpandsonthisideabyarguingthatTolkiensawhisstoryofMiddle﹣earthnotasfictionorinvention，butasthe（5）ofsomethinggenuinethathadbecomeburiedbeneaththefairytaleandnurseryrhythm."HoweverfancifulTolkien'screationofMiddleearthwas，"Shippeywrites，"hedidnotthinkthathewasentirely（6）.Hewas‘reconstructing'，hewasharmonizingconflictsinhissource﹣texts，sometimeshewassupplyingentirelynewconcepts，buthewasalsoreachingbacktoanimaginativeworldwhichhebelievedhadoncereally（7），atleastinacollectiveimagination."ThebookisalsodeeplygroundedinTolkien'slinguisticexpertise（語言專長）﹣he（8）wholelanguagesforhischaracters.Sometimeshebecamesoabsorbedinthecreationoflanguages，infact，thathe（9）thestoryitselfformonthsoryearsatatime，believinghecouldnotcontinueuntilsomeinconsistency（不一致）inhisinventedworldhadbeenresolved.ButTolkien'sgreatintellectandknowledgeisnotthesourceofhis（10）；withouthisstorytellinggift，TheLordoftheRingswouldbelittlemorethanacuriosity.Andthisgiftseemstooriginatestraightfromhis（11）tobreakfromclassicalandtraditionalforms.Tolkienhimselfoftenspokeofhisworkassomething‘found'or‘discovered'，somethingwhoseexistencewas（12）ofhim.It'swisetobecarefulwiththissortofinterpretation，butitseems（13）thathebelievedhisworktobesomethinggiven，somethingrevealed，whichcontainedakindoftruthbeyondmeasure.（14），hisdetailshavetheweightofreality，andbecauseofthishisgreatsweepofstoryfeelsrealaswell；youmightsaythathis（15）castlesarebuiltwithacertainamountofgenuinestone.（1）A.booksB.criticsC.readersD.ambitions（2）A.dislikeB.challengeC.reviewD.prefer（3）A.commonB.possibleC.missingD.funny（4）A.annoysB.influencesC.attractsD.concerns（5）A.recoveryB.designingC.analysisD.questioning（6）A.takingitdownB.makingitupC.turningitdownD.lookingitup（7）A.remainedB.struckC.movedD.existed（8）A.spokeB.inventedC.neglectedD.recalled（9）A.putasideB.setupC.lookintoD.getalong（10）A.styleB.tensionC.successD.tradition（11）A.decisionB.requestC.struggleD.refusal（12）A.representativeB.independentC.consciousD.thoughtful（13）A.clearB.weirdC.unfairD.pitiful（14）A.AsaresultB.OnthecontraryC.EvensoD.What'sworse（15）A.ancientB.brokenC.imaginaryD.foreignSectionBDirections：ReadthefollowingthreepassagesEachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.17．（8分）Itwasoneofthemostdestructivedaysinthehistoryofourplanet，andnowweknowhowitplayedout.Scientistshavepiecedtogetherthefirstdayofthedinosaurs'extinction，bydrillingintothecrater（火山口）thatformedfromtheasteroid（小行星）thatcausedtheirdownfall.Theasteroid，whichledtotheextinctionofalldinosaursthatcan'tfly，crashedintotheGulfofMexico'sYucatanPeninsulasome66millionyearsago.In2016，ascientificdrillingprojectbytheInternationalOceanDiscoveryProgramgotrocksfromtheimpactsite，whichhasbeenunderwaterforalongtime.Now，scientistshaveanalysedtheserockstotravelbackintimetothatparticulardayitself."It'sanexpandedrecordofeventsthatwewereabletorecoverfromwithingroundzero，"saidDrSeanGulick，ageophysicistattheUniversityofTexasatAustinandleaderofthisstudy."Ittellsusaboutimpactprocessesfromaneyewitnesslocation."Injust24hoursfollowingtheimpact，alayerofmaterial130mthickwasdeposited.Thisincludecharcoal，whichprovidesevidencefortheintensewildfiresthatarethoughttohavebeencausedbythecrash.Meanwhile，theimpactalsoledtoahugetsunami，anextremelylargewaveintheseacausedbyanearthquake，asevidencedbylayersofrocksandsandinthecoresamples，whichappeartohavebeendepositedbyfloodingwaters.Onethingconspicuouslymissingfromthesamples，though，istheelementofsulphur（硫磺）.Althoughthesurroundingareaisfullofsulphur﹣richrocks，thecraterisunusuallysulphur﹣free.Thissupportstheideathattheasteroidimpactinstantlyvaporisedsulphurousrocks，releasingthesulphurintotheatmosphere，whereitremainedandreflectedawaytheSun'slight，coolingtheEarth'sclimate.Althoughtheimpacthaddestructiveeffectsonaregionallevel，it'sthislarge﹣scaleglobalcoolingthat'sthoughttobebehindthedinosaurs'eventualextinction，aswellasthatofcountlessotherplantandanimalspecies."Therealkillerhasgottobeatmospheric，"saidGulick."Theonly，wayyougetaglobalmassextinctionlikethisisanatmosphericeffect."（1）DrSeanGulickisquotedinparagraph3inorderto.A.stresstheimpactofthecrashB.illustratethesignificanceoftheirstudyC.explainwhattheydidintheirstudyD.statethereasonfordinosaurs'death（2）Theword"conspicuously"（inparagraph6）isclosestinmeaningto"".A.obviouslyB.restlesslyC.occasionallyD.potentially（3）Whichofthefollowingisacauseofthedramaticdropintemperaturementionedinthepassage？A.Thetsunami.B.Thewildfires.C.Thevapourisedsulphur.D.Thedepositofrocks.（4）Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage？A.Touchingonthedinosaur'stimeB.DrillingintothedaythedinosaursdiedC.WhyweneedtostudytheatmosphericeffectD.Whatweshouldknowaboutthehistoryofourplanet18．（6分）WhatAretheLimitsofHumanEndurance？Paragraph1：Whenitcomestorunning，howfarandhowfastyoucangoisdeterminedbyanumberofphysicalfactors，includingyourVO2max（thevolumeofoxygenyoucanpumproundyourbody）andyourlactate（乳酸鹽）threshold，whichisthepointatwhichyourbodyproducesmorelactatethanitcanbreakdown（abuild﹣upofthischemicalmakesyourunlessefficiently）.Someofthisisgenetic，someofitcomesfromtraining.Butinrecentyears，sportsscientistshavealsocometorecognisetheimportanceofmentalstrength.Thelongeryourun，themoreimportantawell﹣thought﹣outmentalstrategyis.Commonstrategiesforcopingwithpainincludemotivationalselftalkanddistractiontechniquestohelpblocknegativethoughts.Paragraph2：Thirtyyearsago，scientistscalculatedthatthefastestpossiblemarathon，inperfectconditionsandwiththeperfectathlete，wouldbe1hour58minutes.Andwe'regettingclose.ThisSeptember，Kenyanlong﹣distancerunnerEliudKipchogesetanewworldrecordof2：01：39attheBerlinMaraton—araceideallysuitedtofasttimesbecauseofitsflatcourse，fewcorners，andtypicallygoodweatherconditions.Sportsphysiologiststhinkthatthetwo﹣hourlimitcouldbebrokeninthenextfewdecades，asabiggertalentpoolofrunners，plusadvancesintrainingtechnology，createevermoreidealcombinationsofathleteandrunningconditions.Paragraph3：Long﹣distancerunningstressesthebody；recentresearchfromtheUniversityofthePeloponneseinGreecefoundthatpost﹣racelevelsofinflammation（炎癥）inthebloodofultraendurancerunners（thosewhorunraceslongerthanamarathon）showedsimilardescriptionstopeoplewithcancerorcirrhosis.However，overthenextfewdays，therunners'levelsreturnedtonormal，suggestingthattheyhavearemarkableabilitytorecoverafteranextremeworkout.Goodtrainingispartlyabouthelpingyouknowwhen，forinstance，you'vecrossedthelinefrom‘goodpain'into‘badpain'.（1）Matcheachparagraphwithoneofthefollowingquestions，andthenmakethechoice.①Isenduranceinthemindorinthemuscles？②Isendurancerunningbadforyou？③Willendurancerunningbecomeahit？④Willanyoneeverrunatwo﹣hourmarathon？A.Paragraphl：①；Paragraph2：②；Paragraph3：③B.Paragraph1：④；Paragraph2：①；Paragraph3：②C.Paragraph1：④；Paragraph2：②；Paragraph3：③D.Paragraph1：①；Paragraph2：④；Paragraph3：②（2）Accordingtotheresearch，howcandistractiontechniqueshelplongdistancerunners？A.ByraisingtheirVO2max.B.Byhelpingthemconcentrate.C.Byloweringtheirlactatethreshold.D.Bypreventingthemfeelingdiscouraged.（3）Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage？A.Goodtrainingcanhelpyoufindoutyourlimits.B.Theworldmarathonrecordis1hour58minutes.C.Marathontrainingtechnologyhasn'tchangedalot.D.Longdistancerunningcauseslastingharmtoourhealth.19．（8分）Itseemsdifficulttoexplainthepersistentsuccessofscientifictheoriesatdescribingnature.Iexplorethischallengeinmybook，WhatScienceIsandHowItReallyWorks.Ifthehistoryofscienceteachesusanything，itisthattheabilityofatheorytopredictunobservedphenomenaandleadtoamazingnewtechnologiesisnoproofthatsaidtheoryis"true".Forexample，IsaacNewton'smechanicsenabledsurprisinglyaccuratepredictionsofotherastronomicalphenomena，suchasHalley'scomet（哈雷彗星）arrivinglaterthannormalin1759duetothegravitationaleffectsofpassingclosetoJupiter.Evenmoreimpressive，intheearly1800swhenastronomersdeterminedthattheorbit（軌道）ofUranusfailedtomatchNewtonianpredictions，theyconcludedthatNewton'stheorywasnotwrong；rather，theexistenceofapreviouslyunobservedplanetwasproposedandwaslaterfoundexactlywhereitwasexpectedtobe（andnamedNeptune）.Suchsuccessesofthescientificrevolutionweresoimpressivethatphilosophersdevelopedwholenewtheoriesofknowledgetotrytoexplainhowscientistsappearedtohaveusedobservationandreasontodiscoverfundamentaltruths.Indoingso，scientistsattemptedtodismisswhatlogicianshaveknownforlong：thatnoamountofcorrectlypredictedeffectscanproveasupposedcause.Butdon'tthesuccessesofNewtonianmechanicsprovethatthelawsNewtonproposedmustreallybetrue？OtherwisehowcouldthetheoryhavepickedasinglespotinthevastexpanseoftheuniverseandfoundexactlywhereNeptunewas？Thingsdonotalwaysworkoutthisway，however.In1859，astronomersdeterminedthattheorbitofMercurywasnotbehaving，overtime，asNewtonianmechanicspredicted.Soanothernewplanet（namedVulcan）wasproposed.UnlikethepredictionofNeptune'sexistence，thissuppositiondidnotpanout；rather，Newtonianmechanicswasanincorrecttheoryinthiscontext.Adifferentscientifictheory﹣Einstein'stheoryofrelativity﹣wasrequiredtolaterexplainMercury'smovement.So，whatreallyhelpscredibilitymore？Toinsistthatweknowthatatoms，blackholes，anddarkmatterarerealbecauseofhowmanyobservationswecanexplainandpredictionswecanmakebysupposingtheirexistence？Ortosimplyadmitthatsciencecannotsupportaclaimofabsolutetruthregardingtheabstract，unobservedscientificobjectsandlawsthatareproposedtogovernthisworld？Onecouldarguethatifscientistsdon'tbangthegong（鑼）of"truth"，thenitmayonlyquickenthedismissalofscienceasjustanotheropinion.However，Iwouldarguethatthispositiondoesnotgivetheintendedaudienceenoughcredit，andthatclaimingabsolutetruthdoesmoreharmthangood，notonlyfortheinteractionofsciencewiththepublic，butforthepracticeofscience.Ifdataareimportanttothesciences，thenletusacceptthehistoricaldataonscienceitself.（1）WhichofthefollowingdidthelawsofNewtonfailtoprovideaccuratepredictionsfor？A.TheplanetofMercuryvariedinitscomposition.B.Halley'scometarrivedlaterthannormalin1759.C.Neptunewaslocatedwhereitwasexpectedtobe.D.TheSunhadanotherplanetnamedVulcan.（2）Whydoesthewritermentionlogiciansinparagraph3？A.Tointroduceanotherwayofscientificthinking.B.Toimplywhatmistakescientistsmayhavemade.C.Tomakeacomparisonbetweenlogiciansandscientists.D.Tohelpexplainthecauseandeffectofcertainphenomena.（3）Thephrase"panout"（inparagraph5）mostprobablymeans.A.appearB.bedividedC.shrinkD.beproved（4）Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthewritermostlikelytoagreewith？A.Onlybyenoughobservationscanatheorybeprovedtrue.B.Nevercanweruleoutthepossibilitythatatheoryiswrong.C.Einstein'stheoryofrelativityworksbetterthananyothertheoryinastronomy.D.Newtonianmechanicsdoesn'tfittodayscontextbecauseitwasestablishedlongago.SectionCDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentences；givenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.20．（8分）A.ItmademerealizehowignorantIwas.B.Thoughshelovedher86﹣year﹣oldgrandmothershehadfoundithardtovisither.C.BothKarolineandNickfoundmakingtheprogramlifechanging.D.Afterward，bothofthemdescribedthe"invisibility"ofbeingold.E.Thentheyhadtoliveeachday，foramonth.asanoldperson.F.NickwasalsonearlyrobbedwhenhewastakingmoneyoutofanATM.TradingAgesIttookfivehourseverymorningtomakeKarolineandNicklooklikeelderlypeopleintheirseventies.Theyweregivenasyntheticwrinkledskin，falseteeth.andfalsehair.Theyalsoworebodysuitstomakethemlookfatterandcontactlensestomaketheireyeslookolder.Thediscomfortofthemakeup，theheavysuits，andthecontactlenses（whichmadetheireyesightworse）gavethemasmalltasteofthephysicalproblemsofoldage.Theywerealsocoachedtowalkandspeaklikepeopleintheirseventies.（1）.Therewasavideodiarytorecordtheirexperiencesandhiddencamerastorecordhowotherpeoplereactedtothem.（2）.Karolinewasastonishedtobeignoredbysomeworkmen，whoonlyhoursbeforehadbeenwhistlingatherwhenshehadbeenanattractiveyoungwoman.Nicksaid，"Ilearnedthathowpeopletreatyoudependsonwhatyoulooklike."Ononeoccasionabusdrivertreatedhimveryrudelywhenhetriedtopayhisfarewithalargebill."Iwasamazed.Hewouldn'thavetalkedlikethattomyyoungself."ThereisapointinthedocumentarywhenKarolinebreaksdownandcries.Itcomesattheendofadayoutwithhertwonewseniorcitizenfriends，BettyandSylvia.Itispartlybecauseshefeelsguiltythatsheistrickingthem，butmainlybecausesherealizesthattheyareindividuals，andnotjustmembersofwhatshehadpreviouslythoughtofas"theelderly.""TheyweretalkingaboutrealthingsandIfeltunqualified.Theyhadbeenthroughsomuch.（3）.ItwasasifIwasseeingtheyoungpeopleinsidethem.BeforeIwouldhavejustseenthewrinkles."（4）.Nicksaid，"I'dneverthoughtaboutgettingoldbefore."Karolinesaid，"Thewholeexperienceoflivingasanoldpersonhelpedmetounderstandthemfarbetterandalsotounderstandmyself.Ifeltinawaythattheywerejustyoungpeopleinanoldbodytryingtodealwiththeproblemsofoldage.I'mnotreadytobe73，butI'mnotscaredlikeIwas."Ⅳ.SummaryWritingDirections：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.21．（10分）Brainpower：UseItorLoseIt？Wherebrainpowerisconcerned，theoldruleof‘useit，orloseit'holdstruefromthestart.Babieswhoreceiveloveandencouragementfromtheirparentsdeveloptheneural（神經(jīng)的）connectionstheyneedtogetoninlife.Butwhathappenstothosewhofailtogetthissupport？Itwouldbecomfortingtobelievethatsuchchildrenescapelongtermdamagebybeingtooyoungtospeak，orknowanydifferent，buttheevidencesuggestsotherwise.AtarecentmeetingoftheRoyalSocietyofMedicine，theparticipantswereshownslidestakenwithapowerfulscannercomparingthebrainsof‘normal'three﹣year﹣oldwiththosewhohadbeenraisedinpovertyorinorphanages.TheworkwasdonebyBrucePerryoftheChildTraumaAcademyinHouston，Texas.Thescansshowedthatthefrontal﹣temporalareasofthebrain，thoseresponsibleforpersonalityandenablingapersontodisplayandregulateemotions，showedlittleactivity.Foryearsithaslongbeenknowntoscientiststhatanimalsbroughtupinenrichedenvironmenthavelargerandmorecomplexbrainsthananimalsthatgrowupindisadvantagedsituations，soexpertslikePerryassumedthatthesamewouldholdtrueforhumans.However，itisonlynow，thankstopowerfulscannersthatallowthistheorytobeputtothetest，thatthedamageisclearlyvisible.Perryexplainsthereasonfortheabnormalityisthatthebraindevelopsina‘use﹣dependent'way，growing，organisingandworkingaccordingtoexperience.Withtherightstimulation，thebrainmakestheconnectionsitneeds.Withoutit，synapses（突觸），junctionsbetweentheneuronsusedtotransportthebrain'smessages，actuallydissolve."Negativeexperiencesplayavitalroleinorganisingtheneuralsysteminthedevelopingbrain，"saysPerry；inotherwords，ill﹣treatmentininfancyleadstofaultywiringinthebrain.___________________________Ⅴ.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.22．（3分）有時(shí)候孩子們的想法很值得考慮。（worth）.23．（3分）顧客們打電話來詢問商店開門營業(yè)的時(shí)間。（inquire）.24．（4分）這不是員工認(rèn)同的方法，也不是長久之計(jì)。（Neither…nor）.25．（5分）為了讓運(yùn)動員睡得安心，釋放比賽的緊張壓力，冬奧村為他們提供了可在四種模式之間轉(zhuǎn)換的床。（Inorder）.Ⅵ.GuidedWriting26．（25分）Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假設(shè)你是明啟中學(xué)高三學(xué)生王磊，最近在學(xué)校英語報(bào)"AdviceColumn"上看到如下一則信息。給這位署名為"Worried"的讀者寫一封郵件，針對他的問題提出建議，內(nèi)容須包括：1）你的建議2）你的理由（信的開頭已經(jīng)為你寫好。）Mybestfriendseemsanxiousalot.Shebitesherfingernailsandalwayslookstired.Idon'tthinkshe'seatingright，either，HowcanIconvincehertotakebettercareofherself？﹣﹣Worried______________________________

2021-2022學(xué)年上海市長寧區(qū)高三（上）期末英語試卷（一模）參考答案與試題解析Ⅰ.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections：InSectionA，youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandt