試驗(yàn)匯報(bào)：預(yù)負(fù)載飽和：2.68mmol/ganotheranotherpb=max0.250.20Q0.150.100.050.000100200300400500600700800C釋放：蒸餾水1002003005008007.09mg/L6.546.15.235.013.895不同比例：0.200.180.160.140.12P NQ 0.060.040.020.00

0 1 2 3 Pb:NP

3.0IRNP=150ppm~1mmol/L2.01.5IR1.00.50.0等溫線模型：1〕TheLangmuirisothermmodel單層吸附位點(diǎn)吸附力氣一樣、分布均勻；QbQCQ0 ee 1bCe

C C 1其簡(jiǎn)化形式為：Qe

eQ Qb0 01LR 1bC1L0mmol/g；Q0是單層飽和吸附量；Ce是平衡時(shí)溶液濃度mmol/L之間為優(yōu)待吸附。2〕TheFreundlichmodelAssumesaheterogeneousadsorptionsurfacewithsiteshavingdifferentadsorptionenergiesKf是吸附平衡常數(shù)，whichindicatestheadsorptioncapacityandrepresentsthestrengthoftheadsorptivebondnistheheterogenityfactor〔不均勻系數(shù)〕whichrepresentsthebonddistributionn為2-10時(shí)簡(jiǎn)潔吸附即優(yōu)待吸附；n小于0.5時(shí)難于吸附。3〕TheDubinin-Redushckevich〔D-R〕isothermitdoesnotassumeahomogeneoussurfaceorconstantadsorptionpotential.Q即Qe，平衡吸附量kisaconstantrelatedtotheadsorptionenergy(mol2kJ-2)Qmisthemaximumadsorptioncapacity(molg-1)εisthePolanyipotential(Jmol-1)Q和Ce可以擬合出k和Qmthemeanfreeenergyofadsorption(E)wascalculatedfromthekvaluesE=8-16kJmol-1,theadsorptionprocessistriggeredbyionexchangeE<8kJmol-1,physicalforcessuchasVanderWaalsandhydrogenbondingmayaffecttheadsorptionmechanismE＞16kJmol-1,theadsorptionprocessisofachemicalnature〔from：Sep.Sci.Technol.37(2023)343-362.〕4〕Frumkinequationθisthefractionaloccupation(θ=Qe/Qm;Qeistheadsorptioncapacityinequilibrium(mgg-1)Qmisthetheoreticalmonolayersaturationcapacity(mgg-1)whichisdeterminedbyD–Risothermequation)TheconstantkisrelatedtoadsorptionequilibriumThepositiveavaluesindicatethatthereisattractiveinteractionbetweentheheavymetalions.Thedifferentavaluesareattributedtodifferencesintheintensityoftheinteractionsbetweenheavymetalions.oThenegativevaluesof5〕TмкиHmodelo

G 意味著吸附過程為自發(fā)行為、優(yōu)待吸附。認(rèn)為每層的分子吸附熱都隨著掩蓋率增大線性降低，理由是吸附質(zhì)分子之間的排斥增大whereBT=(RT)/bT,TheconstantbTisrelatedtotheheatofadsorption,ATistheequilibriumbindingconstant(L/min)correspondingtothemaximumbindingenergy.動(dòng)力學(xué)模型：和擬二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程〔or。e

QlogQt e

1 tk2.303kP-S-O模型：t

1 thkQ22 e

Q kQ2 Qt 2 e eQt

1k int1Qtt時(shí)刻的吸附容量gQe為平衡吸附容量〔g，1，2，t分別是擬〔n1〔g/mmol/min〔n1/2，h為初始吸附速率常數(shù)〔n。通常能更好地說明吸附機(jī)理。kint。動(dòng)態(tài)模型：出水濃度時(shí)，此點(diǎn)為吸附穿透點(diǎn)；當(dāng)出水濃度到達(dá)進(jìn)水濃度的90%～95%時(shí)，可認(rèn)為吸附柱喪失吸附力氣，即到達(dá)吸附終點(diǎn)。Bohart-Adams、BedDepthServiceTime(BDST、Clark、Wolborskamodels、Thomas、Yoon-Nelson模型[82-86等。但作條件下吸附容量的模型是格外困難的。幾種常用模型的具體形式如下：Thomas模型Thomas模型[86]通常用來描述吸附柱的動(dòng)態(tài)吸附曲線，并能計(jì)算出吸附柱的飽和吸附容量及吸附速率常數(shù)，其方程形式如下：C 1C k

0 1exp(Th(qMCV))Q 0 00〔mg/Ct〔mg/ThThomas〔L-1m-1，Q是流速〔L/d〕，q0為平衡吸附量或柱容量〔mg/g〕，M是吸附劑用量〔g〕，V是過柱的溶液體積〔L〕。Yoon-Nelson模型Yoon-Nelson模型[88-89]是一個(gè)半閱歷模型，該模型擬合時(shí)不需要考慮吸附流速和吸附劑用量，所需參數(shù)較少，形式簡(jiǎn)潔，得到的值可用于比較吸附速率。C 1C 1exp[k(t)]0

CQtq 0 0

t2C0 m

Qdt

1-23〕其中，k是速率常數(shù)〔h-1〕，是出水濃度為進(jìn)水濃度50%時(shí)所需要的時(shí)間〔h〕；依據(jù)式1-23，q0〔mg/g〕，Q是流速〔L/h〕，t2是吸附飽和所需的時(shí)間〔h〕，Ce是出水濃度〔mg/L〕，m是吸附劑用量〔g〕。吸附熱力學(xué)ΔGΔH和ΔS的計(jì)算分別常數(shù)(Kc)=CAe/Ce