考點(diǎn)二科普研究類閱讀理解專題

課前背誦任務(wù)：背誦3500P210-P218的所有單詞。要求：1.A層要背誦單詞的拼寫，中文意思，變形，搭配用法，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞；2.B層背單詞的拼寫，中文意思，變形，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞；3.C層背單詞的中文意思，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞；

限時(shí)訓(xùn)練（30mins）任務(wù)：完成區(qū)塊練P13-P16考點(diǎn)二科普研究類的閱讀理解Passage1-Passage3。（每篇用時(shí)10mins）說明文閱讀方法及解題技巧：Step1.略讀。在第一遍通讀文章時(shí)，明確每段話的主題句，了解段落大意。（閱讀過程中標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞：人名、專有名詞、表結(jié)論/對(duì)比/因果等）Step2.梳理段落主題句，掌握文章架構(gòu)，體會(huì)作者寫作目的及意圖。Step3.做題。仔細(xì)閱讀題干，判斷題目與文章各個(gè)段落的相關(guān)性，二次精讀時(shí)將選項(xiàng)代入對(duì)應(yīng)段落，繼而得出答案。largevocabularylongandcomplicatedsentencesabstractconceptsnewtopics高考說明文難在哪兒？高考閱讀理解中的科技說明文概念：客觀描述事物，闡明事理的文體。分類：事物性說明文（解說實(shí)體事物，如儀器/產(chǎn)品/自然環(huán)境等）

事理性說明文（闡明抽象事理，如概念/科學(xué)原理/定律等）

科普研究類說明文題材：涉及科學(xué)科技/社會(huì)/文化等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。如介紹科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究成果、產(chǎn)品的工藝或使用說明、自然或社會(huì)現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因及解決辦法、人文地理等科普知識(shí)····

科技說明文文本結(jié)構(gòu)1.原理principle2.特色/功能features/function3.緣由causes/reasons4.相關(guān)信息relatedinformation5.前景趨勢(shì)futuredevelopment2.現(xiàn)象----原因----進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)----如何做到----進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)----總結(jié)3.結(jié)論--實(shí)驗(yàn)--總結(jié)1.提出問題----（各類觀點(diǎn)/背景信息）----實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)----解決問題命題點(diǎn)是：結(jié)論是什么？實(shí)驗(yàn)說明了什么？未來是什么？干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：截取關(guān)鍵句或非關(guān)鍵句的部分詞匯生造一個(gè)邏輯，可以說是無中生有。考生要注意：即使選項(xiàng)每個(gè)詞文中都有，也要留意這是命題人可能在用熟悉詞來混淆視線。結(jié)論是批舊立新；實(shí)驗(yàn)是設(shè)立參照組；總結(jié)是照應(yīng)結(jié)論和展望未來?？破昭芯款愇谋窘Y(jié)構(gòu)總的結(jié)構(gòu)：研究的問題，對(duì)象，內(nèi)容----研究的方法，過程---研究的結(jié)果，發(fā)現(xiàn)4.耐心分析與解題相關(guān)的長(zhǎng)難句3.把握關(guān)鍵詞/并忽略無關(guān)緊要的修飾詞1.把握首段/尾段/及段落主題句（段首句）2.通過每個(gè)段落主題句快速掌握文章結(jié)構(gòu)3.把握關(guān)鍵詞/并忽略無關(guān)緊要的修飾詞4.耐心分析與解題相關(guān)的長(zhǎng)難句2.通過每個(gè)段落主題句快速掌握文章結(jié)構(gòu)高考說明文閱讀技巧說明文閱讀方法及解題技巧：Step1.略讀。在第一遍通讀文章時(shí)，明確每段話的主題句，了解段落大意。（閱讀過程中標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞：人名、專有名詞、表結(jié)論/對(duì)比/因果等）Step2.梳理段落主題句，掌握文章架構(gòu)，體會(huì)作者寫作目的及意圖。Step3.做題。仔細(xì)閱讀題干，判斷題目與文章各個(gè)段落的相關(guān)性，二次精讀時(shí)將選項(xiàng)代入對(duì)應(yīng)段落，繼而得出答案。把握說明方法，抓準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞

在行文中，為了把事物的本質(zhì)特征說清楚，或把事理闡述明白，通常會(huì)用到下列說明方法：舉例子、做比較、分類別、析因果、列數(shù)字、作詮釋、打比方、下定義、列圖標(biāo)、引用、假設(shè)、對(duì)比或類比等。對(duì)應(yīng)的就會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些標(biāo)志性的用詞：find/discover/prove/indicate/state/stress/explain/show/forexample/forinstance/define/compare/cause表示上下文邏輯關(guān)系的詞例證關(guān)系Forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay…轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系But,however,yet,or/otherwise,instead,still,while/though/although,onthecontrary,nevertheless(然而),incontrast/comparison,bycomparison因果關(guān)系So,therefore,thus,consequently,asaresult(of),so/such…that…,sothat…遞進(jìn)關(guān)系Besides,furthermore,moreover,what’smore,what’sworse,notonly…butalso…,even,aswell并列關(guān)系A(chǔ)nd,first,then/next,tobeginwith,some…others…,foronething,foranother…DearSamon,I，AdolphBlaineCharles,whocomesfromMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,whichisoneofthemostprestigiouscomprehensiveuniversitiesintheUnitedStates,whoismymotherland,withitsvastareaandgreatpeople,loveyou,whocanmakeeverybodyinthestreetlookatyouwheretherearemanypeople…mainidea:_________________________________________

同位語定語定語定語狀語定語Iloveyou.長(zhǎng)難句分析prepositionalphrases（介短）clauses（從句）non-predicateverbs（非謂語）Alongsentence1.trunk(主干部分):S.+V.+(O.)…2.modifiers

修飾語部分3.parallelstructures（并列結(jié)構(gòu)）(Aand/orB;A,B,and/or

C)Threestepstoanalyzealongsentence.一劃

(二括)“三會(huì)意”（以高考真題長(zhǎng)句為例）一劃:劃主干(trunk),

給主謂賓.(S.V.O.)劃___。2.Bedthataretoosmall,showerheads(淋浴噴頭)thataretoolow,andrestauranttableswithhardlyanyleg-room（腿部空間）allmakelifedifficultforthoseofaboveaverageheight.1.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldthatisfarbusier,nosierandmoreintimate(親密的)thantheonewecanseeandhear.(2017年全國二卷)二括:給修飾語(modifiers)介短,非謂和從句加()。1.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewmadeastudypublishedin2014whichshowedafiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.(2018全國一卷語法填空)2.Formanyolderpeoplewholivedinthecountry,drivingwasveryimportantforpreservingtheirindependence,givingthemthefreedomtogetoutwithouthavingtorelyonothers.(2017全國二卷D篇)()()())()()(

()()Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss,scholarsfromanumberoforganizations,includingUNESCOandNationalGeographic,haveformanyyearsbeenrecording

dyinglanguagesandtheculturewhichtheyreflect.(2014年全國一卷閱讀D篇)Manyscholarsaremakingeffortsto______promotegloballanguages.rescuethedisappearinglanguages.searchforlanguagescommunities.setuplanguagesresearchorganizations.三會(huì)意：抓主題，去修飾，邏輯關(guān)系要注意。)(

)((())()BBytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury,thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwood,whichscattered（驅(qū)散）theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth,wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone,nevertobeseenagain.

2014I(D)Now,throughthetwoorganizationsthathehasfounded--theDigitalHimalayaProjectandtheWorldOralLiteratureProject--Turinhasstartedacampaigntomakesuchdocuments,foundinlibrariesandstoresaroundtheworld,availablenotjusttoscholarsbuttotheyoungers.(

(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

))

不同句子類型的長(zhǎng)難句使用不同的分析方法Summary簡(jiǎn)單句→找主干，去枝葉（介詞短語，形容詞副詞，同位語等）復(fù)合句→先找從句，再用分析簡(jiǎn)單句的方法（找主句和從句的主干）并列句→找并列連詞（and/but/or/so，注意關(guān)系2017（III）

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.

1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.C.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.D新聞首段首句，信息轉(zhuǎn)換，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換鞏固訓(xùn)練2018（I）Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife–fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.2.WhydidBabbitt’steamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals. B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.D同義信息轉(zhuǎn)換We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices–wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.劃線句子的中心結(jié)構(gòu)是________________________________________.Sowhat’sthesolution(解決方案