SectionIUseof 累，使人們無(wú)暇專注與自己的。Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisnodifferent，withacademics，writers，andactivistsonceagain1thattechnologyisrecinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-worldwillbedefinedby2.：Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital，andthemasseswillstruggleinanthebedefinedTodayisnodifferent，withacademics，writers，andactivistsonceagainwarningthattechnologyisrecinghuman的-ing形式。Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3holdsthatthefuturewillbeawasandofadifferentsort，one4bypurposelessness：Withoutjobstogivetheirlives5，peoplewillsimply elazyanddepressed.6，today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression，doubletheratefor7Americans.Also，someresearchsuggeststhatthe8forrisingratesofmortality，mental-healthproblems，andaddicting poorly-educated，middle-agedpeopleisashortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany10theagonizingdullnessofajoblessgallupAlso，someresearchsuggeststhattheexnationforrisingratesofmortality，mental-healthproblems，addictingamongpoorly-educated，middle-agedpeopleisashortageofwell-paid·主語(yǔ)的中心詞是theexnation，系動(dòng)詞為is，表語(yǔ)成分為ashortageof...?！utitdoesn’t11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe 12ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe 13ofwork，asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today，the15ofworkmaybeabitandawasteofhumanpotential，”saysJohnDanaher，alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandin但沒(méi)有工作的世界并不一定就必然像研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的那是講bebasedIntheabsenceofwork，asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcouldyieldstrikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.couldyield,賓語(yǔ)的中心詞為circumstances，strikinglydifferent作定語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾賓語(yǔ)circumstances。Thesedays，becauseleisuretimeisrelatively16formostworkers，peopleusetheirtimetocounterbalancetheinlectualandemotional17oftheirjobs.“WhenIcomehomefromahardday’swork，Ioftenfeel18，”Danahersays，adding，“InaworldinwhichIdonthavetowork，Imightfeelratherdifferent”—perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyfor20 不同到能夠讓他專心致志地投入到一種或者一個(gè)充 throwoneselfThesedays，becauseleisuretimeisrelativelyscarceformostworkers，peopleusetheir timetocounterbalancetheinlectualandemotionaldemandsoftheirjobs.詞為use，賓語(yǔ)為their time，動(dòng)詞不定式tocounterbalance...作賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。1.[A]boasting[B]denying否 [C]warning警 [D]ensuring確andactivists，又因?yàn)橄挛娘@示人們對(duì)“沒(méi)有工作的未來(lái)”持悲法，故C為正確答案，表示在學(xué)術(shù)界、作家2.[A]inequality不[B]instability不穩(wěn) [C]unreliability不可靠 [D]uncertainty不確工作的世界會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出“不”的特點(diǎn)，故選A。B、C、D均不符合文意，故排除。3.[A]政 [B]guideline指導(dǎo)方 [D]prediction語(yǔ)言；預(yù)不同觀點(diǎn)，因此空格處應(yīng)填入“猜想”的近義詞，prediction意為“預(yù)測(cè)；語(yǔ)言”，最符合題意故選D。4.[A]characterized以···為特色[B]divided分 [C]balanced平 [D]measured測(cè)【解析】空格位于同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明“另一種不同的荒原”的特點(diǎn)becharacterizedby為固定搭配，意為“以···為特色”，故選A。其余三項(xiàng)均不符合題意，故排除。5.[A]wisdom智 [B]meaning意 [C]glory光榮，榮 dom自【解析】空格所在句之前的部分出現(xiàn)了purposelessness 6.[A]Instead相反， [B]Indeed確實(shí) [C]Thus因 [D]Nevertheless然【解析】空格所在處前一句“沒(méi)有工作賦予人生意義，人們就會(huì)變得懶惰和抑郁”，空格所在句以失業(yè)人B。其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，故排除。7.[A]rich富裕 [B]urban城市 [C]working工作 [D]educated受教育以另一類人應(yīng)該是“有工作的人”，故選C。其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，故排除。8.[A]exnation解釋[B]requirement要求[C]compensation補(bǔ) [D]substitute代“缺乏高薪工作”之間呈現(xiàn)出因果關(guān)系，備選項(xiàng)中只有exnation“解釋”符合文意，故選A。9.[A]under在···之 [C]alongside沿一側(cè)；與···一 [D]among在···【解析】空格前一句了出現(xiàn)的種種問(wèn)題，后一句提到出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的人群，根據(jù)語(yǔ)義判斷，整句表達(dá)的意思為：在10.[A]leavebehind留下，遺 [B]makeup組成，構(gòu)[C]worryabout擔(dān)心，憂 [D]setaside省出，抽agonizing和dullness判斷，空格處應(yīng)填入表示引起情感的動(dòng)詞。worryabout表示“擔(dān)心，憂慮”，符合題意，故選C。A、B、D均不符合題意，故排除。11.[A]statistically統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上 [B]occasionally偶 [D]economically經(jīng)濟(jì)地，節(jié)儉地；在經(jīng)濟(jì)economically“經(jīng)濟(jì)地，節(jié)儉地；在經(jīng)濟(jì)上”均為無(wú)關(guān)選項(xiàng)，occasionally“偶爾”不符合題意，12.[A]chances機(jī) [B]downsides缺 [C]benefits益處[D]principles原理，原一詞過(guò)于寬泛，chances“機(jī)會(huì)”為無(wú)關(guān)選項(xiàng)，benefits“益處”與文意相反，故均排除。13.[A]absence缺乏，沒(méi) [B]height高 [C]face面對(duì)，[D]course過(guò)程，進(jìn)會(huì)中”，故選A。其他選項(xiàng)均不符合文意，故排除。14.[A]disturb打 [C]exclude排除；不包 [D]yield產(chǎn)生；提circumstances“環(huán)境，境況，情境”，所填入的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)能夠與circumstances構(gòu)成搭配。Disturbcircumstancesrestoreexclude“排除；不包括”不符合文意，故均排除。因此D為正確答案。15.[A]model模 [B]practice練 [C]virtue優(yōu) [D]hardship艱【解析】空格位于the 習(xí)”與文意不符，且不能與overblow構(gòu)成合理搭配，故均排除。因此C為正確答案。16.[A]tricky狡猾的；棘手 [B]lengthy過(guò)長(zhǎng)的；冗長(zhǎng) [D]scarce稀少【解析】空格所在句的后半句“人們通常利用空閑時(shí)間來(lái)平衡工作中智力及情感上的需要”，由此可以推出，在空閑時(shí)間不足的情況下，人們只能遵循“首先處理工作上的需求”的原則。而且根據(jù)也可以判斷，工作的人Dlengthytricky“狡猾的；棘手的”和mysterious“神秘的”不符合文意，故均排除。 [B]standards標(biāo) [C]qualities質(zhì)量；特 [D]threats準(zhǔn)”和qualities“質(zhì)量；特性”與文意不符，而threats“”言之過(guò)重，故均排除。18.[A]ignored被忽視 [B]tired勞累的，疲倦[C]confused困惑的， [D]starved饑下文又提到了如果不用工作，有了時(shí)間，就能專注于個(gè)人，由此可知，此處應(yīng)該表示工作之后太過(guò)疲勞，故選B。其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，應(yīng)排除。19.[A]off脫 [B]against[C]behind在···之 [D]into進(jìn)入，到···里 ahobby的結(jié)構(gòu)中。throwhimself 20.[A]technological技術(shù) [B]professional職業(yè)[C]educational教育 [D] al人與人之間的，人際關(guān)系或之中，這種專注之前只能為另一目的而預(yù)留，不能輕易浪費(fèi)。聯(lián)想到上文中提到的“人們利用自己的空閑時(shí)間來(lái)處理工作中智力與情感上的需要”可知，空格處應(yīng)填入的詞應(yīng)與“工作”有關(guān)，故選B。其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題Part

SectionIIReading這是一篇議，選自2016407解釋了原因。作者將奧運(yùn)會(huì)和公園跑進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，公園跑重在參與，壓力較小且令人愉悅。最后作者重點(diǎn)闡述 22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon'sOlympic"legacy"failed 23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthat 24.Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsernments 25.Theauthor'sattitudetowhatUKernmentsdoneforsports EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsare,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley'sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoan5千米.（21）公園跑這種現(xiàn)象等；他們的跑步成績(jī)從。利13分48set在··rangeParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon'sOlympic"legacy"isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.nningspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnohappened.Thenumberofadultsngweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun－upto2012－buthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsngatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto"inspirea30屆運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)被宣布在倫敦舉行。規(guī)劃文行體育鍛煉的成年人數(shù)量確實(shí)有所增長(zhǎng)，在2012年倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)到來(lái)之前增加了將近200萬(wàn)人，2小時(shí)體育鍛煉的小學(xué)生的數(shù)量幾乎減半。成2012年倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)沒(méi)有能夠“鼓舞一代將 nningspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.本句主干為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)為nning s，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為pledged，賓語(yǔ)部分為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。of作表語(yǔ)。Thenumberofadults ngweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun－upto2012－butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。第一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的主語(yǔ)是Thenumberofadults 第二個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的主語(yǔ)為thegeneralpopulation，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為wasgrowingfaster。Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsngatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlythat）primaryschoolpupilsngatleasttwohoursofsportaweek，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)havenearlyhalved.，其中ngatleasttwohoursofsportaweek為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，作后置定語(yǔ)。Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethos esanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeoplengsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletesThedualaimwasmixedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidating 則相反，他們想讓的人進(jìn)行體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，產(chǎn)生更timeThereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalent timerbeinbe句型為避免重復(fù)，進(jìn)行了部分省略。...thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidating ersintimidatingIndeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthegettinginvolvedinthenningofsucha"grassroots",conceptascommunitysportsassociations.thereisaroleforernment,itshouldreallybeinvolvedinprovidingcommongoods－makingsuretherespaceforyingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofallactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessiveernmentspresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneylocalanddecliningattentiononsporteducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,ernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionssporttothrive.OratleastnotmakethemgetinvolvedIndeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedinthenningofsuchafundamentally"grassroots",conceptascommunitysportsassociations.本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)為therebe句型，alittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedinthenningofsuchafundamentally"grassroots",conceptascommunitysportsassociations為后置定語(yǔ)，修飾主語(yǔ)的中心詞something。Butsuccessiveernmentshavepresidedovesellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)為successive 列成分：sellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocal 及decliningattentiononsportineducation。 gainedgreat createdmany eanofficialfestival ：Paragraph1和Parkrun【解析】根據(jù)題干Paragraph1和Parkrun可以定位到首段第二句。定位句，“公園跑這種現(xiàn)象最初是在TheauthorbelievesthatLondon'sOlympic hasfailed promotesport improvethecity's increasesporthoursinschools ：Theauthor，London'sOlympic"legacy"，failed?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)題干Theauthor，London'sOlympic"legacy"和failed定位至第二段前五句。定位段首句倫敦奧運(yùn)造成的影響并不令人滿意，第二、三、四句具體說(shuō)明人們對(duì)倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)的期望。第五句明確Ithasnothappenedfailed吻合，通過(guò)對(duì)第二、三、四句進(jìn)行分析總結(jié)可知，這三句所描述的都是民眾參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的具體表現(xiàn)，由此可知，正確答案為B。ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthat aimsatdiscovering focusesonmass doesnotemphasize doesnotattractfirst-timers ：Parkrun，different，Olympicgames。【解析】根據(jù)題干Parkrun，different，Olympicgames可以定位到第三段第四句。第四句中的bycontrast與題產(chǎn)生的精英運(yùn)動(dòng)員”，原文中的eliteathletes對(duì)應(yīng)C中的elitism“精英主義”，由此可知，正確答案為C。Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholds ernments superviselocalsports increasefundsforsports C.增加對(duì)體育的投investinpublicsportsfacilities ：masssport,theauthor 【解析】根據(jù)題干masssport,theauthor，ernments可定位到文章第四段第二句，該句“如果可以扮演角色，它應(yīng)該致力于提供公共設(shè)施：確保有地方修建運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)，有鋪設(shè)網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)和無(wú)擋板籃球場(chǎng)，并且鼓勵(lì)學(xué)校提供此類體育運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目”。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該投資建設(shè)公共體育設(shè)施，故正確答案為D。25.Theauthor'sattitudeto havedoneforsportsA..B.B.性 【解析】根據(jù)題干author'sattitude，UKernments可定位到文章第四段第三、四、五句。定位句“但是歷屆賣綠地，擠壓地方的，不關(guān)注體育教育。冗長(zhǎng)、崇高的戰(zhàn)略是沒(méi)有用的，未來(lái)的應(yīng)該多做實(shí)事，提供讓體育事業(yè)繁榮發(fā)展的條件。至少也應(yīng)做到對(duì)英國(guó)所持有的態(tài)度，故正確答案為B。Text這是一篇議，選自2016年的《》，全文共423詞。文章探討了兒童及成人使用數(shù)字電子設(shè)備可能的問(wèn)題。文章開(kāi)篇，家長(zhǎng)在關(guān)注兒童使用電子設(shè)備的問(wèn)題時(shí)，往往忽略了自己使用這些產(chǎn)品可能的問(wèn)題。作者首先通過(guò)基的研究說(shuō)明父母過(guò)度沉浸于電子產(chǎn)品會(huì)減少親子互動(dòng)，從而造成孩子的情感需求得不到及時(shí)關(guān)注。最后一段中作者又特羅的觀點(diǎn)，從論述，認(rèn)為使用電子設(shè)備，無(wú)論對(duì)兒童還是父母，在一designed of 28.Radesky’scitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”toshow.29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronick 30.AccordingtoTronick,kid’suseofscreens.Withsomuchfocusonchildrensuseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitaly,"anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotealengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamily由于把的注意力放在兒童對(duì)電子設(shè)備的妮.基在她關(guān)于數(shù)字游戲的研究中說(shuō)道Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenWithsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens放在句首，作伴隨狀語(yǔ)言，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofphonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalin ctionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheirswhilethechildrenwouldmakingexcitedbidsfortheir（27基通過(guò)對(duì)母子組合進(jìn)行的一個(gè)食物測(cè) Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalin ctionswiththeirchildren.中又插入了定語(yǔ)從句whosueddevicesduringtheexercise，用于修飾限定之前的名詞mothers。Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice—itcanbeextremelydisconcertingfoethechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtoinctwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;Thechild esincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention."Parentsdon'thavetobeexquisiyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,"says基了發(fā)展心理學(xué)家.特羅在20bewiredInfantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice－itcanbeextremelydisconcertingfoethechildren.兩個(gè)從句；條件狀語(yǔ)從句ifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive和插入的方式狀語(yǔ)從句astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadeviceInit,amotherisaskedtoinctwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;Thechild esincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention.本句由冒號(hào)分開(kāi)，冒號(hào)后為補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明部分。冒號(hào)前的句子為簡(jiǎn)單句，其中包含介詞before引導(dǎo)的并列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，由連詞and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)puttingonablankexpression和notgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;冒號(hào)后的句子為復(fù)合句，主句為thechild esincreasinglydistressed，氣候是as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句asshetriestocapturehermother’sattention。Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeincting”withtheirchildren:“It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.”Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn’tlearningfromthescreendoesn’tmeanthere’snovaluetoit－particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthe 30000個(gè)詞匯，那你就是忽視—特別是如果他可以給父母時(shí)間來(lái)、做家務(wù)，或者只是從照顧孩子的過(guò)獲得休息時(shí)間。他使；Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreensarebornoutof“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeincting”withtheir句thattheworriesaboutkidsuseofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideology...，而該賓語(yǔ)從句中又包含兩重從withtheirchildren，作動(dòng)詞demands的賓語(yǔ)。AccordingtoJenny digitalproductsaredesigned simplifyroutine absorbuser B.吸戶注意better al increaseworkefficiency ：JennyRadesky和designedto。她關(guān)于數(shù)字游戲的研究中“技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)的初衷就是要吸引住，數(shù)字產(chǎn)品本身就是要讓關(guān)注達(dá)到最大化?！庇纱丝芍?，基認(rèn)為數(shù)字產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的初衷就是要吸戶的注意，故正確答案為B。Radesky’sfood-testingexercise thatmothers’useof slowsdownbabiesverbal reducesmother-childcommunication ：food-testingexercise?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)題干food-testingexercise可以定位到第二段第一、二句。定位句說(shuō)明，基通過(guò)食物測(cè)試活動(dòng)來(lái)研究就餐時(shí)間使用移動(dòng)和平板的影響，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)在活動(dòng)中使用這些設(shè)備的母親與孩子之間的言語(yǔ)交流減少了20%，非言語(yǔ)交流減少了39%，由此可知，母親使用電子設(shè)備會(huì)減少親子間的交流，故正確答案為D。Radesky’scitesthe“still 28.基的“靜止面部實(shí)驗(yàn)”顯示 experiment”toshow itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblank childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents’ parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds ：“stillfaceexperiment”。【解析】根據(jù)題干“stillfaceexperiment”可以定位到第三段第二、三、四句，其中第三句介紹了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的過(guò)發(fā)現(xiàn)，母親由正常交流變得面無(wú)表情時(shí)，孩子為吸引母親關(guān)注變得越來(lái)越苦惱，第四句中基點(diǎn)評(píng)父孩子的情感需求，正確答案為D。Theoppressiveideologymentioned 29.特羅提到的性要求父 Tronickrequiresparents protectkidsfromexposuretowild teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsa ensureconstant ctionwiththeir remainconcernedaboutkid'suseofscreens ：oppressiveideology和requiresparents。【解析】根據(jù)題干oppressiveideology和requiresparents可以定位到第四段第一句。定位句，特羅本人對(duì)兒童使用電子設(shè)備的擔(dān)憂源自于一種“要求父母應(yīng)該隨時(shí)與其互動(dòng)的性意思形態(tài)”：“這是基于一個(gè)從某種程度上帶有，極其蒼白的和中上層社會(huì)的，這種認(rèn)為如果你不能讓自己的孩子接觸到30000個(gè)詞匯，那你就是忽視了他們?！庇纱丝芍?，他提到的這種要求父母保持與孩子之間的經(jīng)常性互動(dòng)，故正確答案為C。AccordingtoTronick,kid’s ofscreens givetheirparents maketheirparentsmore helpthemwiththeir helpthem emoreattentive ：Tronick和kid’suseofscreens。孩子可能無(wú)法從電子設(shè)備上學(xué)到東西，但是不能因此就認(rèn)為它沒(méi)有價(jià)值，因?yàn)檫@可以給父母時(shí)間來(lái)、做家務(wù)，或者只是從照顧孩子的過(guò)獲得休息時(shí)間，也就是獲得一些自由時(shí)間，由此可知，正確答案為A。69篇，學(xué)生們?cè)诟咧挟厴I(yè)后，出于種種原因不會(huì)選擇先度過(guò)一個(gè)空檔年再去上大學(xué)，隨后作者提出盡管人們對(duì)空檔年存在某些誤解，但其并不會(huì)成為學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)進(jìn)步的阻礙，反而會(huì)帶來(lái)好處。第三段和第四段分別從心理準(zhǔn)備和經(jīng)濟(jì)影響兩個(gè)角度分析了空檔年可能帶來(lái)的好處。31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnotagapyearis 32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingayear 33.Theword“acclimation”（Line8,Para.3）isclosestmeaning 34.Agapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsby 35.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwould Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediaygotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompleyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn'tit?Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesntfeelnaturaltospendayearngsomethingthatisn’t12年學(xué)之后，花一年時(shí)間inconjunctiongapToday,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediaygotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompleyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.toimmediaygotocollege和increasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworld構(gòu)成，其后是狀語(yǔ)often和動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)causesstudents，在賓語(yǔ)后是動(dòng)詞不定式tocompleyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Butwhilethismaybetrue,it’snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.There'salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated“racetothefinishline,”whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschoolorlucrativecareer.Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits－infact,itprobablyenhances點(diǎn)”的比賽中于其他人，無(wú)論是在考研、考醫(yī)There'salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated“racetothefinishwhetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschoolorlucrative從句主語(yǔ)為that，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be。StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonotRatherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges－allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesthanacclimation（32）來(lái)自和澳大利亞的研究顯示，度過(guò)擔(dān)新責(zé)任和應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境變化等方面做好準(zhǔn)備——而和活動(dòng)上，而不是忙于應(yīng)付環(huán)境導(dǎo)致的。StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatthatstudents...aregenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthose...，而該賓語(yǔ)從句中又包含兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)whotakeagapyearwhodonot，分別修飾限定名詞studentsthose。Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders，表示結(jié)果；主句主干后至逗號(hào)之前是when引導(dǎo)的世界狀語(yǔ)從句。Ifyou'renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisn’tsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.It’snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostonCollege,forexample,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylater（34內(nèi)到高中的基礎(chǔ)性必修課程令學(xué)生們對(duì)進(jìn)入大學(xué)后beconvincedfigureIfyou'renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoicesonfutureacademicchoicesimpactIfIfyou'renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests。Thisisn’tsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithaunderstandingofthevastacademicpossibilitiesthatawaitthemin詞之后是省略了連詞that的賓語(yǔ)從句thebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthevastacademicpossibilitiesthatawaitthemincollege，用于修飾限定名詞possibilities。Oneofthereasonsforhigh-school nottakingagapyearis theythinkitacademically theyhavealotoffuntoexpectin itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfrom itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campus reasonsnottakingagapyear【解析】根據(jù)題干reasons和nottakingagapyear可以定位到第一段第二句。該段第二句，高中畢業(yè)生看的做讓他們感覺(jué)奇怪，這是大家很少采取這種方式的原因之一，故正確答案為C。StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimply takingagapyear keepstudentsfrombeing lowerrisksinchoosing relievefreshmenofpressures ：theUSandAustralia。【解析】根據(jù)題干theUSandAustralia可以定位到第三段第一、二句。定位句，來(lái)自和澳大利亞的案為D。Theword“acclimation”（Line6,Para. 單詞isclosestinmeaning A ：“acclimation”（Line6,Para.【解析】根據(jù)題干“acclimation”（Line6,Para.3）定位到第三段最后一句。定位句，空檔年的經(jīng)歷可以減之后是名詞blunders“”。定位句主要在強(qiáng)調(diào)適應(yīng)全新環(huán)境的問(wèn)題，由此可知，可能出現(xiàn)的或者都應(yīng)該是與適應(yīng)環(huán)境有關(guān)的，故正確答案為A。Agapyearmaysavemoney studentsbyhel A.avoidacademicswitchtoanotherdecideontheright：savemoneyby?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)題干savemoney和byhel可以定位到第四段第一句，定位句，“如果度過(guò)一個(gè)空檔年去發(fā)現(xiàn)點(diǎn)的內(nèi)在價(jià)值還不足以令你信服的話，那么考慮一下它對(duì)未來(lái)學(xué)業(yè)選擇的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響吧?！痹陔S后的分析中，作者，高校新生換專業(yè)十分頻繁，因?yàn)樗麄兌喟朐谌雽W(xué)前不了解自己的真正需求和大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)特點(diǎn)，空檔年Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwould InFavoroftheGap TheABCsoftheGap TheGapYearComes TheGapYear:ADilemma ：titleforthistext。【解析】根據(jù)題干titleforthistext可知，解答本題需概括全文主旨。文章開(kāi)篇就提出了學(xué)生們?cè)诟咧挟厴I(yè)后來(lái)的好處，用于支持第二段的觀點(diǎn)，由此可知，作者是贊成空檔年的，正確答案為A。這是一篇論說(shuō)文，選自2016年的《科學(xué)報(bào)》，全文共406詞。文章討論了森林火災(zāi)防控的問(wèn)題，文章開(kāi)篇提出，森林火災(zāi)已經(jīng)不再局限于西部各州，而是上升為關(guān)注的問(wèn)題：第二段至第四段主要從森林火災(zāi)撲救和防控所需經(jīng)費(fèi)的角度出發(fā)，解釋了這個(gè)問(wèn)題上升為焦點(diǎn)的原因，同時(shí)也相關(guān)專家的話，分析這個(gè)問(wèn)題的重要性：第五段為承上啟下段，要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題需要轉(zhuǎn)變觀念，并從以下兩個(gè)方面支持這一觀點(diǎn)——第六段至第八段至學(xué)者的觀是學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)，火災(zāi)的防控應(yīng)該理性認(rèn)實(shí)到火災(zāi)不可能完全杜絕，應(yīng)該正確理解人與火的聯(lián)系，據(jù)此制定、采取行動(dòng)。36.Morefrequentwildfires eanationalbecausein2015 37.Moritzcallsfortheuseof"amagnifyingglass" 38.Whileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,notes 39.TheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultfailing 40.ProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomething Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyofwildfiresisanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,saysProfessorMaxMoritz,aspecialistinfireecologyand了稅務(wù)收入——火災(zāi)生態(tài)學(xué)和管理學(xué)家， Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyofwildfiresisanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,saysProfessorMaxMoritz,aspecialistinfireecologyandmanagement.本句為復(fù)合句，倒裝句saysProfessorMaxMoritz為主句，其后為同位語(yǔ)aspecialistinfireecologyandmanagement，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明人物的，之前的內(nèi)容可視為從句，其中Though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)作用相當(dāng)于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，其后的簡(jiǎn)單句In2015,theUSServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5billionannualbudgetfightingfires—nearlydoublethepercentageitspentonsuchefforts20yearsago.Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardstheagency'sotherwork－suchasconservation,watershedandculturalresourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep－thataffectthelivesofall（36）2015年，森林管理局首次花費(fèi)了其年度預(yù)算五十五億的一半以上用于撲滅火該管理局只將很少的基金用于其他方面滴工設(shè)施——而這些影響的全美人民的生活。Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardstheagencysotherwork－suchas watershedandculturalresourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep－thataffectthelivesofallAmericans.fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardstheagency'sotherwork，其后的兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間為插入語(yǔ)，第二個(gè)破折號(hào)后為定語(yǔ)從句thaaffectthelivesofallAmericanswork。Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoingintoconstructioninfire-pronedistricts.AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelytobelosttoaAnothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoingintoconstructioninfire-pronefunds，fromotheragenciesaregoingintoconstructioninfire-pronedistricts?！癐t’salreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureforthewholecountry,”hesays.Weneedtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.Like,“Waitaminute,isthisOK?”“Dowewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsofthe 可以？我們是不是要把那些改投到土地風(fēng)險(xiǎn)amagnifyingDowewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsoftheSuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinwayUSsocietytodayviewsfire,researchersSuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfire,researchers式狀語(yǔ)inthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfire。Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.Overthepastdecade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechange－h(huán)owthewarmingoftheEarthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsen室氣體的全球變暖如何導(dǎo)致火災(zāi)條件加劇。Overthepastdecade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechange－h(huán)owhewarmingoftheEarthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.后名詞性從句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明前文信息，且其中還包含定語(yǔ)從句thatworsenfires，修飾限定名詞conditions。Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itcomeattheexpenseoftherestofthe attheexpenseWhileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldn’tcomeattheexpenseoftherestoftheitshouldn’tcomeattheexpenseoftherestoftheequationWhile引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句Whileclimateisakeyelement，兩個(gè)逗號(hào)間是插入語(yǔ)?！癟hehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andtheinctionsgobothways,"hesays.Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto"anoverlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.Ourperceptionoftheproblemandofwhatthesolution esveryFailingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto"anoverlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightFailingtorecognizethat...leadsto"anoverlysimplifiedviewof...henotes為插入語(yǔ)，of之后是名詞性從句whatthesolutionsmightbe作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewhollycontrolledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchattheUniversityofColorado.Butacknowledgingfire'sinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodevelothelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitassafeaspossible,sheButacknowledgingfire'sinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodevelothelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitassafeaspossible,shesays.本句為復(fù)合句，主句部分為shesays，具體內(nèi)容可視為賓語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)acknowledgingfire'sinevitablepresenceinhumanlifethatmakeitassafeaspossible,修飾限定前面的名詞短語(yǔ)thelaws,policies,andpractices?！癢e’vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithBalc