專題一閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題增分點(diǎn)（一）——間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題常分為直接細(xì)節(jié)理解題、間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題和概括細(xì)節(jié)理解題。間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題相對(duì)于直接細(xì)節(jié)理解題而言難度要大，命題的迷惑性更大，因?yàn)榇祟愵}目的正確選項(xiàng)都經(jīng)過了命題人對(duì)原文信息的語義轉(zhuǎn)換，兩者存在表達(dá)上的差異?？忌荒軓脑闹兄苯诱业酱鸢?，而是要對(duì)原文信息稍加歸納才能得出正確答案。膽題感電R么考?怎么解［典例］（2018?全國(guó)卷II閱讀B節(jié)選）...Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白質(zhì)）,ironandzinc（notthatfruitshavemuchprotein）.Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants（抗氧化物質(zhì)）.TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries（櫻桃）,theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC....Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?Theycontainprotein.TheyarehighinvitaminA.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.Theyarerichinantioxidants.［解析］選C在該選段中，作者比較了草莓、藍(lán)莓、櫻桃和核桃類水果各自不同的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，從其中“Asforcherries（櫻桃）,theyaresodeliciouswhocares？”這句話可知，人們喜歡櫻桃是因?yàn)樗鼈兾兜捞鹈?。C項(xiàng)中的“haveapleasanttaste”與文中的“aresodelicious”意義吻合。［干擾項(xiàng)分析］A項(xiàng)是raspberries的特征；B項(xiàng)是對(duì)“yellowandorangestone勿口他”的特征的曲解；D項(xiàng)是blueberries（藍(lán)莓）的特征。［增分技巧］間接信息題相比直接信息題，命題的隱蔽性更強(qiáng)，正確選項(xiàng)一般都會(huì)在原文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改造。在做間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，要做到“兩關(guān)注”“一防范”?！皟申P(guān)注”是指關(guān)注正確選項(xiàng)的兩個(gè)特征：一是同義詞替換或釋義，即把文中語言（詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)）改頭換面，來表達(dá)相同的意思；二是對(duì)文章信息的歸納。“一防范”是指防范干擾選項(xiàng)的迷惑性，錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)常使用諸如張冠李戴、無中生有、曲解文意、顛倒是非、正誤參半等方式來造成句意的改變。刷題集訓(xùn)!隹度,提速度訓(xùn)練目標(biāo)（一）對(duì)點(diǎn)練——攻克失分短板A（2018?全國(guó)卷II閱讀D節(jié)選）...Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan'tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'tevenexistifitweren'tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease（潤(rùn)滑劑）forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,"heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”...WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?Showinggoodmanners.Relatingtootherpeople.Focusingonatopic.Makingbusinessdeals.解析：選B由該選段最后卡爾杜齊說的話可知，成功的閑聊的關(guān)鍵是學(xué)會(huì)怎樣與他人產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系，而不只是與他人交流，文中的connectwith與B項(xiàng)的relateto的含義是一?致的，表示“與 聯(lián)系”。B（2017?全國(guó)卷II閱讀B節(jié)選）IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn'twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon'tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers....Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?PaulNewmanwantedit.Thestudiopowersdidn'tlikehisagent.Hewasn'tfamousenough.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.解析：選C根據(jù)選段中“Whenthestudiodidn'twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul...”可知，工作室不想讓“我”拍這部電影是因?yàn)橄胝乙幻c保羅一樣出名的演員出演。本題命題人在C項(xiàng)中對(duì)文中信息進(jìn)行了同義替換，用famous替換wellknown。C（2017?全國(guó)卷III閱讀B節(jié)選）...ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown....WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?Itwasanall-timeclassic.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.Theaudiencerequestedit.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.解析：選D根據(jù)選段中的“TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.”可知，電影TheLastPictureShow講述的內(nèi)容和劇院的命運(yùn)一樣，劇院經(jīng)理EdBradford認(rèn)為放映此部電影非常契合此時(shí)的情景。原文中的“appropriate”和D項(xiàng)的“suitable”為同義詞，都表示“合適的”，故答案為D。D（2018?北京高考閱讀A節(jié)選）...Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad....Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon?Hemadeit. B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize. D.Hewalkedtotheend.解析：選A根據(jù)選段可知，作者堅(jiān)持到了最后，而且得到了一塊獎(jiǎng)牌，雖然不是第一名，由此可歸納出“他成功地跑完了這次馬拉松”。makeit意為“達(dá)到預(yù)定目標(biāo)，獲得成功”。故選A。訓(xùn)練目標(biāo)（二）綜合練——提高解題速度（加黑的題目為細(xì)節(jié)理解題，加★的為間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題）

AParkwayCentralLibraryEventsSummerThymeCooksNowthroughWednesday,May10SummerThymeCooksisaFREEcookingprogramforteensenteringgrades7—12.Infourweeklyhands-onclasses,studentswilllearnthefundamentalsofcooking.Foodismeanttobeshared,soeveryclassendswithafamily-stylemeal.Studentsgohomeeachweekwithanewrecipeandagrocerybagfilledwithhealthy,freshingredients（原料）sotheycancookwiththeirfamilies!Questions?CallJamieat215-686-5323.WetheDetectivesFamilyFunMonday,May15Thebestwayforyouthandfamiliestospotwhat’sinsideourdoorsistoattendourFamilyEvent,takingplaceonMay15from10：30a.m.to12：30p.m.Thisannualtraditionisamuch-belovedopportunityforfamiliestoexplorethebuilding.Thisyear'sFamilyEventwillfeature(以為特色)uniqueandinterestingbrunchfoods,andadetectivestorytimewithourlibrarians.Cost:$50Adult；$25Child(ages3—16);Freeforchildrenunder3.Formoreinformation,pleasecall215-567-7710.TheArtofComicsNowthroughSaturday,May20215-686-5403Anexhibitionofbooksshowsthehistoryofpictorialstorytelling.Theartofseveralpioneersinthemediumisondisplay,includingworksbyHokusai,RodolpheTopffer,andWilhelmBusch.SundayLiteracyProgramSunday,May21215-686-5369Thisprogramoffersdrop-inassistancetostudentsstrugglingtoreadinthe1stthrough3rdgrades.Bothofthetwosessionswillincludethefollowingparts:ReadAloud,IndependentReading,LiteracyGamesandWriting.Participantsneedtoregisterontheirfirstvisit.語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了美國(guó)一家圖書館的活動(dòng)。★l.Whatareparticipantsrequiredtodoatthecookingprogram?A.Sharefood.Bringrecipes.Cookwiththeirfamilies.Learnbasiccookingskills.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干的關(guān)鍵信息為cookingprogram,根據(jù)第一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)SummerThymeCooks中的“Infourweeklyhands-onclasses,studentswilllearnthefundamentalsofcooking.”可知，參與該活動(dòng)的人將會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)基本的烹飪技巧。D項(xiàng)中的“basiccookingskills”是對(duì)文中“fundamentalsofcooking”的同義替換。Whencanyoulookaroundthelibrary?A.OnMay10. B.OnMay15.C.OnMay20. D.OnMay21.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二項(xiàng)活動(dòng)中提到“Thisannualtraditionisamuch-belovedopportunityforfamiliestoexplorethebuilding.”，由此活動(dòng)的時(shí)間Monday,May15可知答案。HowdoestheSundayLiteracyProgramdifferfromtheothers?It’sfreeofcharge. B.It’sfamily-friendly.C.Itrequiresregistration. D.Itisintendedforadults.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Participantsneedtoregisterontheirfirstvisit.”可知，第一次參加SundayLiteracyProgram需要注冊(cè)，而其他三項(xiàng)活動(dòng)并未提及此點(diǎn)，故選C項(xiàng)。BIt'sonlybeentwoweekssinceMontanaBrownbeganworkingattheAflacCancerCenterofAtlanta,butshesaid,“ThejobismorethananythingIcouldaskfor.It'ssocooltojustbeattheplacewhereIwastreatedandtohaveaninfluenceoverthekids.”Brownwasjusttwowhenshewasdiagnosed（診斷）withrhabdomyosarcoma,araretypeofcancer.Shereceivedtreatmentforayearandthenthediseasewascontrolled.Butattheageoffifteen,shewasdiagnosedagainwiththesamecancerandhadtoreceivetreatmentforanotheryear.Shewasalsotoldthatshehadtostopdancing,oneofherhobbies.Brownsaidsherememberedjusthowcompassionate（有同情心的）thenurseswereduringthatdifficulttime.Soshedecidedtogivebackinthesamewaythenursesdidwithherwhenshewasinthehospital.“Around10thor11thgrade,Istartedthinkingaboutwhattomajorin,"Brownsaid.“IknewIwantedtohelppeopleandIknewthatIwantedtousemystorytohelpothersandgivethemhopeandinspiration.ThemoreIthoughtaboutit,thebetterIknewbeinganursewouldbethegreatestfieldforme.”ShereceivedadegreeinnursingfromAugustaUniversitylastyear.CarolineRooke,thenursemanagerattheAflacCancerCenter,said.“Brown'sexperiencesmakeheraspecialpartoftheteam.Shewouldimprovethecareexperiencethatwecanofferourpatients.It'sherspecialwayofgivingback.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。MontanaBrown兩歲的時(shí)候就被查出患有癌癥，并在醫(yī)院接受了治療。為了回報(bào)社會(huì)，她在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)護(hù)理專業(yè)，畢業(yè)后成為那家醫(yī)院的一名護(hù)士?！?.WhatdoesMontanaBrownthinkofherjob?A.Amazing. B.Interesting.C.Boring. D.Demanding.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Brown所說的話“ThejobismorethananythingIcouldaskfor.It?ssocooltojustbeattheplacewhereIwastreatedandtohaveaninfluenceoverthekids.”可知，她認(rèn)為回到這家醫(yī)院工作是一件很酷的事情，她對(duì)此很滿意，故正確答案為A。A項(xiàng)“Amazing”與文中的“socool”為同義表達(dá)?！?.WhydidMontanaBrownchoosetobeanurse?A.Shebelievedthisfieldwassocool.Shewantedtoinspiremorepatients.Shehopedshecouldcureherillness.Sheintendedtogetsomeexperience.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“[knewIwantedtohelppeopleandIknewthatIwantedtousemystorytohelpothersandgivethemhopeandinspiration.”可知，她之所以選擇當(dāng)一名護(hù)士，是因?yàn)樗霂椭嗟娜?，想用自己的故事給別人希望和鼓舞。B項(xiàng)中的“inspire'a“inspiration”的意思是一致的。6.WhatcanwelearnfromBrown'sstory?Nodifficultycanmakeuslosehope.Itisimportanttochooseaproperjob.Nothingcanpreventusachievingourgoals.Anyonehastheabilitytogivebacktosociety.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段、第五段的內(nèi)容以及最后一段護(hù)士長(zhǎng)的話“It'sherspecialwayofgivingback.”可知，Brown在接受治療期間從護(hù)士那里感受到了愛心與照顧，這促使她畢業(yè)后選擇成為一名護(hù)士，以此回報(bào)社會(huì)。她的故事告訴我們：每個(gè)人都有回報(bào)社會(huì)的能力。CCourtneyHolmesoffershisyoungcustomersalittlesomethingextrawiththeirhaircuts.“Hey,howareyoudoing?Whatgradeareyouin?What'syourfavoritebook?Yeah,Igotit.”Ifyouthoughtyou'dwalkedintoalibrarywithagreetinglikethat,youwouldn'tbetoofaroff.Infact,you'veenteredtheworkplaceofCourtneyHolmes,theStorybookBarber.Twoyearsago,Dubuque,Iowa,helditsfirstannualBacktoSchoolBash,offeringneedyfamiliesachancetolearnaboutfreeresourcesinthecommunity.Holmesagreedtotakepartinit.Hewasholdingdowntwojobsatthetime—onewiththecity'spublicworksdepartment,theotherasabarber.Saturdaywashisbusiesthaircuttingday,buthechosetodevotehistimetounderprivileged（底層的）kidssothey'dlooksharponthatfirstdayofclasses.Butthenhehadasuddenidea."Thekidsshouldearntheirfreehaircutbyhavingtoreadabooktome.^^Holmessaid.TheideawassopopularthathecontinueditthefirstTuesdayofeverymonthforthenexttwoyears.5-to10-year-oldkids,wouldholdafavoritebook,settleintothebarberchair,andreadaloudwhileHolmesgavethemahaircutlftheyhadanydifficulty,Holmeswastheretohelp.Afterthehaircut,they'dreviewthebook,fromthecharactersandvocabulariestothethemes-justlikeinschool,onlymorefun."Thesekidsareeagertolearn,“saidHolmes.wAndtheyareabletoopentheirheartsthere.^^Holmesadmitshe,too,benefitsfromtheactivity."Therewasaseven-year-oldboywhostruggledthroughhisbook,stuttering（口吃）overwordseventhoughhedidn'thaveastutter,“saidHolmes.Hehadtheboytakethebookhomeandpractice.wWhenthechildcamebacknexttime,hereaditwithnoproblems.Thatinspiredme.^^語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。熱心人士CourtneyHolmes為學(xué)生提供免費(fèi)理發(fā)服務(wù)的同時(shí)，還為他們創(chuàng)造了讀書的良好氛圍。★7.WhydidHolmestakepartinBacktoSchoolBash?Toearnmoremoney.Tohelppoorkidslookgood.Toreducetheparents'pressure.Toworkinthelocalschools.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“buthechosetodevotehistime...sothey’dlooksharponthatfirstdayof4@55?5”可知，Holmes提供免費(fèi)的理發(fā)，讓孩子們?cè)陂_學(xué)時(shí)顯得精神些。B項(xiàng)中

的“1。0卜good”就是對(duì)“l(fā)ooksharp”的同義替換。★8.HowoftendidHolmesprovidefreehaircutsduringthetwoyears?A.EverySaturday. B.Everyweekend.C.Onceamonth. D.Onceayear.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，在兩年的時(shí)間內(nèi)，Holmes在每個(gè)月的第一個(gè)星期二都會(huì)為孩子們提供免費(fèi)服務(wù)，也就是每個(gè)月一次。C項(xiàng)是對(duì)“thefirstTuesdayofeverymonth”的信息歸納。WhatcanwelearnaboutHolmes'youngcustomers?Theyarestudentswithreadingproblems.Theylearnmoreherethaninschool.TheygetalongwellwithHolmes.Therearemoreboysthangirls.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“‘Thesekidsareeagertolearn，’saidHolmes.’Andtheyareabletoopentheirheartsthere.’”可知，孩子們?cè)诶戆l(fā)店里能和Holmes敞開心扉，說明他們與Holmes相處得很好。WhatcanwebestdescribeHolmesas?Ahard-workingbarber.Akind-heartedvolunteer.Abusyandlovingparent.Aresponsiblesocialworker.解析：選B推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文可知，Holmes兩年的時(shí)間內(nèi)定期為孩子們提供免費(fèi)理發(fā)服務(wù)，并與他們交流，輔導(dǎo)他們讀書，是一位熱心的志愿者。D（2018?鄭州第二次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）Chinesemovietheatersareneverrunningshortofyouthfilms.Youth（《芳華》），directedbyFengXiaogang,wasreleasedinDecember,2017andhitthescreen.Butthisoneisdifferent:Itisdedicatedtotheyouthofourparents'generation.inshewhoby“thewhirlwind（旋風(fēng)）ofSetinthe1970s,thestorybeginsinamilitaryarttroupe（演出團(tuán)），whichthesoldiers'inshewhoby“thewhirlwind（旋風(fēng)）ofInmostyouthfilms,thecharacters'lifepathsareonlyinfluencedtheirownchoices.However,theyoungpeopleinYoutharealsoapartofhistoricalchanges”, asfilmcriticJustinChangwroteintheLosAngelesTimes.Inaperiodofmorethan30years,theyhavetoexperiencethe“culturalrevolution”（1966－1976）andtheSino-VietnameseWar,duringwhichLiuFenglosesonearmandHeXiaopingsuffersfromamentalillness.Thedisbandment（解散）ofthetroupealsotearsthemawayfromthelifeandpeopletheyaresofamiliarwith,throwingthemintoanewlifetheyknownothingabout.Theyallhavetolearn“tomakepeacewiththepastandmakethemostofthepresent"，wroteGiovannaFulvionthewebsiteTIFF.Butthere'sstillsomethingthatneverchangesaboutyouth.Nomatterwhattimeofhistoryitis,peoplesharethesamelongingforloveandbeauty.Sunshine,laughterandswimmingpools-thesetypicalimagesofyouthareallwellkeptinMr.Feng'snewfilm.Accordingto,Youthisactuallyanostalgic（懷舊的）andpersonalworkthatM