英語高考模擬卷一、閱讀理解(共15小題；每題2分，總分值30分)1.閱讀理解DreaminHeart

Onthefirstdayofschoolourprofessorintroducedanewclassmate—awrinkledlittleoldlady—tous.HernamewasRose,andshewaseighty-sevenyearsold.

AfterclassRoseandIwalkedtotheStudentUnionBuildingandsharedachocolatemilk-shake.Shetoldmeshealwaysdreamedofhavingacollegeeducationandnowshewasgettingone.Webecameinstantfriends.Everydayforthefollowingmonths,wewouldleaveclasstogetherandtalknonstop.Iwasalwaysattracted,listeningtothis“timemachine〞asshesharedherwisdomandexperiencewithme.

Rosebecamefamousandeasilymadefriendswherevershewent.Shetendedtobehighlymotivated,responsible,anddeeplyinvolvedinclassparticipation.Insparetimeshehadsomeonehangoutorgotobarswith.Sheevenparticipatedinsomeformofathleticactivity.Shesaidthatextra-curricularactivitiescanformavitalpartofherexperience,creatinguniquechancesforfriendshipandlearning.

AttheendofthetermweinvitedRosetospeakatourfootballmeal.Alittleembarrassed,sheleanedintothemicrophoneandsimplysaid,“I'msorryI'msonervous.〞Aswelaughed,sheclearedherthroatandbegan,“Wedonotstopplayingbecauseweareold;wegrowoldbecausewestopplaying.Thereisahugedifferencebetweengrowingolderandgrowingup.Ifyou'renineteenyearsoldandlieinbedforonefullyear,youwillturntwenty.IfI'meighty-sevenyearsoldandstayinbedforayear,Iwillturneighty-eight.Anybodycangrowolder.It'snon-optionalbutthatdoesn'ttakeanytalentorability.Theideaistogrowupbyalwaysfindingthechanceinchange.Inthiswaytheelderlydon'thaveregretsforwhattheydid,butratherforthingstheydidnotdo.〞Roseconcludedherspeechbycourageouslysinging“TheRose〞.Shechallengedustostudythewordsofthesongandlivedthemoutindailylives.

Attheyear'sendRosefinishedthecollegedegreeshehadbegunallthoseyearsago.OneweekaftergraduationRosediedpeacefullyinhersleep.Overtwothousandcollegestudentsattendedherfuneralinhonorofthewonderfulwomanwhotaughtbyexamplethatit'snevertoolatetobeallyoucanpossiblybe.〔1〕WhydoestheauthorcompareRoseto“timemachine〞inParagraph2?A.Tostressheroldageandknowledgeoflife.

B.Todescribetheclosefriendshipbetweenthem.

C.Toshowthatshealwaysenjoyedheractivelife.

D.Toexplainwhyshetookonachallengeincollege.〔2〕Rosewasinvitedtospeakatthefootballmealmostprobablybecause______.A.shewasagreatfootballfan

B.shewasthesmarteststudent

C.shetriedhardtoachieveherdream

D.shebecamemoreeducatedthantheothers〔3〕WecanlearnthatRoseagreedwiththeideathat______.A.growingoldermeansgrowingup

B.ittakestalentandabilitytogrowup

C.receivinghigheducationhelpstobecourageous

D.onegrowsolderatthesametimewhenhegrowsup〔4〕Thepassageisintendedto______.A.provideanexamplefortheelderly

B.discusshowtogrowupquickly

C.telltheimportanceofattendingcollege

D.inspirethereaderstoliveuptolives2.閱讀理解Russia'sSoyuzspacecraft,whichhasbeentransportingallastronautstoandfromtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)since2021,typicallycarriesacrewofthree.However,theMS-14capsulelaunched(發(fā)射)fromaRussianspaceportinsouthernKazakhstanonAugust22,2021,hadjustonepassenger—ahuman-likerobotnamedSkybotF-850.TherobotisthelatestversionofRussia'sFEDORrobots,whichwereinitiallydesignedtohelpwithsearchandrescueefforts.Skybotisgoodatmanyhumanskills,includingdrivingacar,havingshortconversations,andeventellingjokes.Butsinceitlackssomespecialsills,thespacecrafttotheISSwaspilotedfromthegroundbyscientistsfromRussia'sspaceAgency.Roscosmos.Thesix-foot-tall,350-poundrobothadanotherimportanttaskwhileonboard.Withoutriskingthelivesofhumanastronauts,ithelpedRoscosmosresearcherstestthesafetyandflightexperienceofthenewSoyuz-2.1,acarrierrocket,whichcarriedthespacecraftintoorbit.Thefeedback(反響)willbeimportantindeterminingiftherocketissafetotransportfuturehumancrewstospace.Thoughthelaunchintoorbitwentsmoothly,Skybot'sarrivalattheISSwasdelayedbythreedays,fromAugust24toAugust27.Thedelaydidn'tseemtobothertherobot,whichannounceditsarrival,"Sorryaboutthedelay.Metwithtraffic.Readytoworknow."Skybot'stwo-weektaskislargelyatesttomeasureitsabilitytoworkeffectivelyinmicrogravity,andincludessimpletaskslikeusingtools.Ifallgoeswell,RussiahopestosendmoreadvancedversionsoftheFEDORrobotstohelpastronautswithspecialtasks.Earlierthisyear,theUSspaceagencylaunchedtwolittlerobotscalledAstrobeestohelpastronautswithdailychores,likefindinglostpiecesofequipment.Meanwhile,theEuropeanSpaceAgency'ssocialAI-poweredCIMONspentayearassistingastronauts,beforereturningtoEarthonAugust27,2021.〔1〕WhatisSkybotF-850unabletodo？A.Driveavehiclelikehumans.

B.Conductshortconversations.

C.Saysomethingfunnytopeople.

D.PilotthespacecrafttotheISS.〔2〕HowlongdidittakeSkybotF-850toflytotheISS？A.Twodays.

B.Threedays.

C.Fivedays.

D.Fourteendays.〔3〕WeinferfromthetextthatSkybot

.A.isboundtotaketheplaceofhumancrews

B.isn'tthefirstrobottohelpatthespacestation

C.workedwithtwootherrobotstoassistastronauts

D.waslaunchedtomeasureitssecurityandflexibility〔4〕Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom？A.Ascienceexperiment.

B.Anewsreport.

C.Atechnologyguidebook.

D.Aresearchpaper.3.閱讀理解

Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(認(rèn)知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.

Thestudyincludedabout4,500USchildrenaged8to11andmeasuredtheirhabitsagainsttheCanadian24-HourMovementGuidelinesforChildrenandYouth.Itfoundthat51%ofthechildrengottherecommended(建議)ninetoelevenhoursofuninterruptedsleeppernight,37%mettherecreationalscreentimelimitoftwohoursorlessperday,while18%metthephysicalactivityrecommendationofatleast60minutesofaccumulatedphysicalactivityaday.Only5%ofthechildreninthestudymetallthreerecommendations;30%metnoneatall.

Theresearchersfoundthataseachrecommendationwasmetbyaparticipant,therewasapositiveassociationwithglobalcognition,whichincludesmemory,attention,processingspeedandlanguage.Thosewhometallthreehadthemost"superior"globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.

Otherorganizations,suchastheAmericanAcademyofPediatricshaveguidelinesinplacetohelpwiththemanagementofchildren'sscreentime.Theorganizationsuggestsputtingrealisticrulesorlimitsinplaceforhowlongyourchildrenareontheirscreens,knowingwhotheyaretalkingtoandwhattheyaredoing.Theamountofrecommendedscreentimedependsontheageofthechild.Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating"tech-freezones".〔1〕Whoarethetargetreadersofthispassage?A.Researchers.

B.Teachers.

C.Parents.

D.Children.〔2〕Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Astudyonchildren'sscreentimeispublished.

B.TheUSchildrenfailtomeetmovementguidelines.

C.Organizationsareconcernedaboutchildren'scognition.

D.Limitationonchildren'sscreentimeislinkedtobettercognition.〔3〕Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmightcontributeleasttocognition?A.Thescreentimelimit.

B.Sleephours.

C.Thephysicalactivitytime.

D.Sleephoursandthescreentimelimit.〔4〕WhydoestheAmericanorganizationsuggestcreating"tech-freezones"?A.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughphysicalplaytime.

B.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughsleeptime.

C.Tomakesurechildrenhaverecreationaltime.

D.Toprotectchildrenagainstradiation.

Parentsoftenthinkthattimespentwiththeirkidswillgraduallydecreaseinadolescence.Butanewstudysuggeststhatwhileteenstrytoavoidspendingalotoftimetogetherwiththeirparents,privateparent-childmeetingsmayactuallyincreaseintheirearlyadolescentyears.Andthatmayraiseateenager'sself-esteem(自尊)andsocialconfidence,especiallyifitisthetimethatspentwithDad,theresearchersadded.Theresearcherscreatedalong-termstudyinwhichtheyinvitedfamiliesin16schooldistrictsincentralPennsylvaniatoparticipate.Ineachfamily,ateenager,ayoungersibling(兄弟姐妹),theirmotherandtheirfatherwereinterviewedathomeandthenaskedabouttheiractivitiesandself-worthfivetimesoveraperiodofsevenyears.

Thestudyauthorsweresurprisedtodiscoverthatwhenfathersspentmoretimealonewiththeirteenagers,thekidsreportedtheyfeltbetteraboutthemselves.Somethingaboutthefather'sroleinthefamilyseemedtoimproveself-esteemamongtheteenagersinthestudy,saidstudyco-authorSusanMcHale,aprofessorofhumandevelopmentatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity.

“TimewithDadofteninvolvesjoking,teasing,andotherplayfulinteractions.Fathers,comparedtomothers,weremoreinvolvedinleisureactivitiesandhadmorepeer-likeinteractionswiththeirchildren,whichiscrucialforyouthsocialdevelopment,〞thestudyshowed.ButMartaFlaum,apsychologistinChappaqua,NewYork,said,“Howthesefindingsreflecttherealworldisarealquestion.ThesampleinthestudyissosmallandsounrepresentativeofmostfamiliesinthecountrytodaythatI'mnotsurehowmuchwecangeneralizefromit.InmycommunityinWestchesterCounty,Idon'tseeparentsandteenagersspendmuchtimetogetheratall.Parentsareoftenworkingsohardandhavelesstimetobetogetherwiththeirkids.〞

However,Flaumencouragesparentstomaketimefortheirkidsnomatterhowmuchworktheyhavetodo.“Researchlikethisremindsusofhowimportantitis.Thetimewehavewiththemissoshort,〞shesaid.〔1〕Accordingtothestudy,whenteenagersspendmoretimealonewiththeirfathers,_________.A.theirsocialskillswillbeimproved

B.theirfatherswillbetterunderstandthem

C.theywillbewillingtohelptheirsiblings

D.theirfamilymemberswillspendmoretimetogether〔2〕WhatisFlaum'attitudetowardsthefindingsofthestudy?

B.Favorable.

C.Doubtful.

D.Puzzled.〔3〕Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it〞inthelastparagraphreferto?A.TheresearchbySusanMcHale.

B.Theworktobedone.

C.Parents'encouragement.

D.Thetimeparentsspendingtogetherwiththeirkids.〔4〕Whereisthepassagemostlikelytobetakenfrom?A.Sciencemagazine.

B.Anewsreport.

C.Aresearchplan.

D.Anadvertisement.二、任務(wù)型閱讀〔共5小題；每題2分，總分值10分〕5.任務(wù)型閱讀

Ifyou'reafirst-timelanguagelearner,youknowthatemotional(情感的)upsanddownsareanormalsituation.Whenyouunderstandaconceptorbegintocomprehendthelanguage,youmayexperiencefeelingsofexcitement.However,thoseareoftenfollowedbymomentsofdisappointmentanddiscouragement,duringwhichyoumightfeelasifyouwillnevermastertheconceptsandattaintheabilitytounderstandandcommunicateeffectively.________．

Learnvocabularyeffectively

Vocabularyisthemostimportantpartofcommunication.Themorewordsyouknow,themoreyoucansayandunderstand.Theabsolutebestwaytolearnvocabularyisthroughtheuseofflashcardsthatyoumakebyyourself.Purchaseasetof3×5indexcards(索引卡片)andcuttheminhalf.________.Asyoulearnmoreinformationabouteachword,e.g.pluralformsofnounsandprinciplepartsofverbs,youcanaddthesetothecards.

________

Researchshowsthatlanguagestudentslearnmoreeffectivelyandacquiremorewhentheystudyfrequentlyforshorterperiodsoftimethaniftheystudyinfrequentlyforextendedperiodsoftime.________.Thismeansdoingafewhomeworkexerciseseachdayratherthandoingallhomeworkexercisesthenightbeforetheyaredue.

Practicelanguageactively

________.Sayvocabularywordsoutloud,readpassagesinthetextaloud,dopronunciationactivitiesorallyandnotjustmentally.Writeouttheanswerstoactivitiesratherthanglidingthroughtheminyourmind.Readaloudentiresentencesinanactivityratherthanjustreadingafill-inresponse.Transferringlanguagefromyourmindtoyourmouthisaskillthatrequiresagreatdealofpractice.A．BreakstudytimeintosmallerperiodsB．ThenuseflashcardsasalearningtoolC．Trytostudyeachday，andseveraltimesadayD．Thetime-testedapproachesareeffectiveinyourlearningE．WriteawordonthefrontanditsEnglishdefinitiononthebackF．Wheneverpossible，speakthelanguagealoudratherthanrecitingsilentlytoyourselfG．Belowaresomeapproachesthatwillrelieveyourpotentialfrustrationandhelpyousucceedinlanguagelearning三、完形填空〔共20小題；每題1.5分，共30分〕6.閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項。

"Youhavetwoearsandonemouth.Remembertolistenmoreandspeakless."ThatwastheadviceI1

fromacommunicationsexpertbefore,whichgotmethinkingaboutlistening.It'snot2

thatmostofusaregoodat.Eventhoseofuswhowriteforalivingandaresupposedto3

howtodoaninterviewandlisten,oftengetitwrongandmisstherule:"Don'tinterruptortryto4

otherpeople'ssentences"andtherule:"Focusfullyonthepersonspeaking5

focusingonyournextcomment."

Ifoundthisoutrecentlyafterfollowingthatcommunicationsexpert's6.Iwaspartofagrouplobbying(游說)politiciansabouttheimportanceofoldbuildingsandmainstreets.Onegentleman7

averylargedistrictmadeupofsmalltownscomplainedthatthemainstreetwastoo8

andtherewasn'tenoughparkingandtherewasno9

towidentheroads,whichisexactlywhatourorganization10

for.Wewantwalkablestreets,notparkingspaces.Insteadofarguingthepoint,Ijust11

forachangeandlethimtalk.Beforeourtimewasuphewas12

howhissonisacarpenterrestoringachurch,andhow13

buildingpreservationwastohimandhisfamily.HadInot14practicedlistening,wemighthavelefthisofficeearlier.

Ithastakenmeaverylongtimetolearnhowto15.Imighthavebeenmore16hadIlistenedmore.NowthatIwriteandteach,Ihave17

oftenabouthowimportanthearingistoourconnectionwithothers,andwhata18

myhearinghasmadeinmylife.19,hearingisdifferentfromlistening,and,interestingly,thereisn'tanyhardwarethatcanhelpyoulisten;youjusthavetositdown,shutupand20

it.1.A.gaveB.receivedC.acceptedD.ignored2.A.nothingB.anythingC.everythingD.something3.A.understandB.compareC.trainD.master4.A.beginB.finishC.formD.write5.A.otherthanB.orratherC.ratherthanD.orelse6.A.natureB.adviceC.decisionD.belief7.A.representingB.controllingC.startingD.directing8.A.busyB.emptyC.narrowD.dusty9.A.rightB.planC.forceD.room10.A.votesB.quarrelsC.searchesD.fights11.A.makeupB.shutupC.getupD.pullup12.A.describingB.communicatingC.expressingD.adding13.A.importantB.absurdC.usefulD.cheerful14.A.constantlyB.legallyC.deliberatelyD.usually15.A.lookB.careC.listenD.react16.A.fortunateB.successfulC.energeticD.pleasant17.A.rememberedB.learnedC.writtenD.read18.A.imaginationB.pointC.sceneD.difference19.A.ThereforeB.AnyhowC.HoweverD.Besides20.A.doB.makeC.sayD.take四、語法填空〔共10題；每題1.5分，總分值15分〕7.閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)內(nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

SpringFestival,also________(call)ChineseNewYear,isoneofthetraditionalfestivalsinChina.Ithas________longhistoryandisvery________(importance)forChinesepeople.ThecomingofSpringFestivalmeanstheoldyearcomestoanendandthenewyearbegins.BeforeSpringFestival,peopleclean________(they)housesanddecoratedoorsandwindowswithpaper-cuts.________NewYear'sEve,familymembersgettogetherandhaveabigdinnertocelebratethefestivalby________(eat)dumplings.

NotonlyadultslikeSpringfestival________alsochildrenlikeitverymuch.Becauseonthatday,childrencanwearnewclothesandwatchdragonandliondancesonthestreet.Moreimportantly,theycan________(give)luckymoneybygrandparents,parentsandotherrelatives.Besidesthesetraditional________(active),peopleinrecentyearshavepreferredtotravelaroundduringtheseven-dayholiday,________maybringmorefuntothewholefamily.五、短文改錯〔共10小題；每題1分，總分值10分〕8.文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中城多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號〔∧〕，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線〔\〕劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1〕每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2〕只允許修改10處，多者〔從第11處起〕不計分。

Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutcompass.Ifthereisnoaim,wewillgetlose.Lastterm,Icouldn'tacceptthetruthwhichIfailedinmymathexamination.Idecidedtogiveitup,soIskippedfromclassesfrequently.Consideredmycase,myteacherofferedmeseveraldetailedapproachandadvisedmetosetashort-termgoaltoimprovemymath.Finally,Iworkharderthaneverandmadegreatprogressinhermath.Inmyopinion,successliesinaseriesofgoals.However,weshouldremembertomakeourtargetsclearlyandtryourbesttorealizeourdreams.六、書面表達(dá)〔25分〕9.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)的李華，收到來自英國學(xué)生Mark的電子郵件，咨詢你校暑期為外國學(xué)生舉辦的漢語夏令營活動，請通過電子郵件向Mark介紹本次活動，其內(nèi)容如下：1〕活動時間：7月10日到7月30日；地點：紅星中學(xué)。

2〕活動內(nèi)容：學(xué)習(xí)日常漢語，可與當(dāng)?shù)厝私涣?；舉辦各種晚會，了解中國歷史和中國傳統(tǒng)文化，例如節(jié)日等；參觀博物館，長城等。

3〕活動意義。注意：1〕詞數(shù)100左右；

2〕可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使內(nèi)容充實，行文連貫；

3〕開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearMark,

Ifeeldelightedtogetyouremail,Yours,LiHua

答案解析局部一、閱讀理解(共15小題；每題2分，總分值30分)1.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者在大學(xué)的第一天遇到了87歲的老人，老人在學(xué)期末參加了他們的聚會。老人所說的話讓人難忘：我們不是因為老了而不玩了，而是因為不玩了而老了。時間對于年輕人十分的重要。

〔1〕考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Iwasalwaysattracted,listeningtothis‘timemachine’asshesharedherwisdomandexperiencewithme.可知，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)她的晚年和生活的知識。應(yīng)選A。

〔2〕考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Theideaistogrowupbyalwaysfindingthechanceinchange.Inthiswaytheelderlydon'thaveregretsforwhattheydid,butratherforthingstheydidnotdo.〞可知，羅絲被邀請在足球賽中發(fā)言，很可能是因為她努力實現(xiàn)她的夢想。應(yīng)選C。

〔3〕考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Anybodycangrowolder.〞每一個人都會長大；“It'snon-optionalbutthatdoesn'ttakeanytalentorability.〞這是不可選的，但不需要任何天賦或能力；以及“Theideaistogrowupbyalwaysfindingthechanceinchange.〞我們的想法是通過不斷尋找改變的時機(jī)來成長?？芍?，我們可以了解到Rose同意成長需要天賦和能力。可知選B。

〔4〕考查目的意圖。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Overtwothousandcollegestudentsattendedherfuneralinhonorofthewonderfulwomanwhotaughtbyexamplethatit'snevertoolatetobeallyoucanpossiblybe.〞可知，本文目的是鼓勵讀者不要辜負(fù)自己的生活。應(yīng)選D。

【點評】此題考點涉及推理判斷和目的意圖兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道，自2021年以來,俄羅斯的聯(lián)盟號宇宙飛船一直在運(yùn)送宇航員往返國際空間站,通常搭載三名宇航員。然而,2021年8月22日從哈薩克斯坦南部的俄羅斯航天發(fā)射場發(fā)射的MS-14太空艙只有一名乘客—一個名為SkybotF-850的人形機(jī)器人。

〔1〕考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Skybotisgoodatmanyhumanskills,includingdrivingacar,havingshortconversations,andeventellingjokes.Butsinceitlackssomespecialsills,thespacecrafttotheISSwaspilotedfromthegroundbyscientistsfromRussia'sspaceAgency.Roscosmos.〞Skybot擅長許多人類技能，包括駕駛汽車，進(jìn)行簡短的對話，甚至講笑話。但由于缺少一些特殊的門檻，這艘飛往國際空間站的飛船由俄羅斯航天局的科學(xué)家從地面駕駛。可知,SkybotF-850無法導(dǎo)航太空飛船抵達(dá)國際空間站。應(yīng)選D。

〔2〕考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“However,theMS-14capsulelaunched〔發(fā)射〕fromaRussianspaceportin：southemKazakhstanonAugust22,2021,hadjustanpassenger—ahuman-likerobotnamedSkybotF-850.〞然而，MS-14太空艙于2021年8月22日從哈薩克斯坦南部的一個俄羅斯太空港發(fā)射，當(dāng)時只有一名乘客——一個名為SkybotF-850的類人機(jī)器人；以及第四段中的“Thoughthelaunchintoorbitwentsmoothly,Skybot'sarrivalattheISSwasdelayedbythreedays,fromAugust24toAugust27.〞雖然發(fā)射進(jìn)入軌道很順利，但Skybot抵達(dá)國際空間站的時間卻推遲了三天，從8月24日推遲到8月27日。由此可推斷,SkybotF-850飛行了五天才抵達(dá)國際空間站。應(yīng)選C。

〔3〕考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Earlierthisyear,theUSspaceagencylaunchedtwolittlerobotscalledAstrobeestohelpastronautswithdailychores,likefindinglostpiecesofequipment.Meanwhile,theEuropeanSpaceAgency'ssocialAI-poweredCIMONspentayearassistingastronauts,beforereturningtoEarthonAugust27,2021〞今年早些時候，美國航天局發(fā)射了兩個名為Astrobees的小型機(jī)器人來幫助宇航員做日?，嵤拢确綄ふ覇适У脑O(shè)備。與此同時，歐洲航天局的社交人工智能驅(qū)動的西蒙在2021年8月27日返回地球之前，花了一年的時間幫助宇航員。由此可知,今年的早些時候,美國航天局和歐洲航天局都發(fā)射了機(jī)器人到太空站協(xié)助字航員。由此可推斷,在太空站提供幫助的Skybot不是此類中的第一個。應(yīng)選B。

〔4〕考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Russia'sSoyuzspacecraft,whichhasbeentransportingallastronautstoandfromtheInternationalSpaceStation〔ISS〕since2021,typicallycarriesacrewofthree.However,theMS-14capsulelaunched〔發(fā)射〕fromaRussianspaceportinsouthernKazakhstanonAugust22,2021,hadjustonepassenger—ahuman-likerobotnamedSkybotF-850.〞自2021年以來，俄羅斯的聯(lián)盟號航天器一直在運(yùn)送所有宇航員往返國際空間站(ISS)，通常搭載三名機(jī)組人員。然而，2021年8月22日從哈薩克斯坦南部的一個俄羅斯航天港發(fā)射的MS-14太空艙只有一名乘客-一個名為SkybotF-850的類人機(jī)器人。以及根據(jù)本文的主要內(nèi)容可推斷,本文最有可能出自“新聞報道〞。應(yīng)選B。

【點評】此題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇新聞報道，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，建議父母們要把孩子的屏幕消遣時間限制在2小時之內(nèi)、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉，因為這樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認(rèn)知能力。

〔1〕考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(認(rèn)知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.〞可知，本文主要建議父母們要把孩子的屏幕消遣時間限制在2小時之內(nèi)、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉，這樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認(rèn)知能力。所以本文的目標(biāo)讀者是父母們，而不是研究人員、老師或兒童。應(yīng)選C。

〔2〕考查主旨大意。本文主要建議父母們要把孩子的屏幕消遣時間限制在2小時之內(nèi)、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition…〞告訴父母們?nèi)绻麄冞@樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認(rèn)知能力。應(yīng)選D。

〔3〕考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.〞可知，滿足三個要求的人認(rèn)知能力最好，接下來是滿足睡眠時間以及屏幕消遣限制時間，最后是滿足屏幕消遣限制時間。據(jù)此推斷，體育鍛煉對認(rèn)知能力影響最小。應(yīng)選C。

〔4〕考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating'tech-freezones'.〞可知,theAmericanAcademyofPediatrics建議父母們給孩子設(shè)立睡眠規(guī)那么，例如“tech-freezones〞，目的是確保孩子在臥室里有足夠的睡眠時間。應(yīng)選B。

【點評】此題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的根底上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4.【解析】【分析】本文講述了父母親和孩子在一起的時間對孩子的成長的重要性，并建議父母親多花時間和孩子在一起。〔1〕A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句Thestudyauthorsweresurprisedtodiscoverthatwhenfathersspentmoretimealonewiththeirteenagers,thekidsreportedtheyfeltbetteraboutthemselves.Somethingaboutthefather'sroleinthefamilyseemedtoimproveself-esteemamongtheteenagersinthestudy可知這些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)父親在孩子的開展中起著更為重要的作用，能夠開展孩子的自尊等社交技能。故A項正確?！?〕C態(tài)度意圖題。根據(jù)第三段第三句ButMartaFlaum,apsychologistinChappaqua,NewYork,said,“Howthesefindingsreflecttherealworldisarealquestion.可知MartaFlaum認(rèn)為這些發(fā)現(xiàn)是否反響的是真實情況還是一個問題。說明他對這一研究持疑心的態(tài)度。故C項正確。〔3〕D詞義猜想題。根據(jù)本句However,Flaumencouragesparentstomaketimefortheirkidsnomatterhowmuchworktheyhavetodo.“Researchlikethisremindsusofhowimportantitis.Flaum還是鼓勵父母親多花時間與孩子在一起，這些研究也提醒我們這種做法非常重要。所以it指代D項內(nèi)容?！?〕B推理判斷題。本文屬于新聞報道，報道了父母親和孩子在一起的時間對孩子的成長的重要性。與科學(xué)研究、研究方案以及廣告無關(guān)。故B項正確?！军c評】猜想詞義題的解題技巧中有根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜想的方法。有時短文中出現(xiàn)一個需要猜想其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋，這就是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。例如：Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.句子給予annealing以明確的定義，即“退火〞。Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.從后面thatis(也就是說)的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle是“脆〞的意思。Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.定語從句中l(wèi)ooksaftersheep就說明了herdsman的詞義為“牧羊人〞。Theunderlinedwords“tippingpoints〞mostprobablyreferto“_______〞.A.freezingpoints

B.burningpointsC.meltingpoints

D.boilingpoints解析：C。請看原文：Inhisbook,hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints,suchasthemelting〔融化〕oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica.根據(jù)后一句的suchasthemelting〔融化〕oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica.可知tippingpoints的意思是“融點〞。結(jié)合本文第32題：Theunderlinedword“crucial〞inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_____.根據(jù)文章第一段Remember,languagelearningisacombinationofinput+practice.Asyou'rereading,you'retakinginlanguagenaturally,andyou'reseeinghowitallfitstogether.語言學(xué)習(xí)是輸入和練習(xí)的融合，當(dāng)我們在閱讀的時候，我們在自然地吸收語言，同時我們能夠理解語言是如何融合在一起的。這種閱讀的過程對語言的學(xué)習(xí)是很重要的。所以該詞等同于important。二、任務(wù)型閱讀〔共5小題；每題2分，總分值10分〕5.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要為語言初學(xué)者提供了學(xué)習(xí)語言的三條建議。

〔1〕考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)空前提到的語言初學(xué)者會在學(xué)習(xí)語言的過程中遇到挫折，認(rèn)為自己不可能掌握那些概念，也不能獲得有效的理解和進(jìn)行交流的能力及下文給出的三條學(xué)習(xí)語言的建議可知，此處應(yīng)填一個起承上啟下作用的句子，G．Belowaresomeapproachesthatwillrelieveyourpotentialfrustrationandhelpyousucceedinlanguagelearning“下面是一些將緩解你潛在的挫折感，幫助你在語言學(xué)習(xí)方面取得成功的方法〞符合語境。應(yīng)選G。

〔2〕考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)空后的“Asyoulearnmoreinformationabouteachword...youcanaddthesetothecards〞可知，當(dāng)你學(xué)到更多有關(guān)每個單詞的信息時，你可以把它們添加到卡片上，因此空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)涉及在卡片上記某些東西，E．WriteawordonthefrontanditsEnglishdefinitionontheback“把單詞寫在卡片的正面，并把它的英語釋義寫在反面〞符合語境。應(yīng)選E。

〔3〕考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，語言學(xué)習(xí)者把學(xué)習(xí)時間分成各個小段來頻繁地學(xué)習(xí)比一次學(xué)習(xí)很長時間取得的效果要好，因此本段提供的學(xué)習(xí)方法應(yīng)是把學(xué)習(xí)時間分成小段來進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)，故A項符合語境，選A。

〔4〕考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)空后“Thismeansdoingafewhomeworkexerciseseachdayratherthandoingallhomeworkexercisesthenightbeforetheyaredue〞可知，此處是說每天應(yīng)該做一些家庭作業(yè)而不是拖到最后一刻一次完成，C．Trytostudyeachday，andseveraltimesaday“試著每天都學(xué)習(xí)，并且一天學(xué)習(xí)屢次〞符合語境。應(yīng)選C。

〔5〕考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“Practicelanguageactively〞可知，本段主要講的是要積極地練習(xí)語言，F(xiàn)．Wheneverpossible，speakthelanguagealoudratherthanrecitingsilentlytoyourself“只要有可能，大聲地說出這門語言，而不是靜靜地背給自己聽〞符合語境。應(yīng)選F。

【點評】此題要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的根底上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。三、完形填空〔共20小題；每題1.5分，共30分〕6.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了傾聽的重要性。聽和聽是不同的，有趣的是，沒有任何硬件可以幫助你聽；你只需要坐下來，閉嘴，然后去做。

〔1〕考查動詞。A.gave“給〞；

B.received“收到〞；

C.accepted“接受〞；

D.ignored“無視〞。這是我之前從一位溝通專家那里得到的建議，讓我開始思考傾聽。應(yīng)選B。

〔2〕考查代詞。A.nothing“什么也沒有〞；

B.anything“任何事情〞；

C.everything“每件事情〞；

D.something“某件事情〞。這不是我們大多數(shù)人擅長的。應(yīng)選D。

〔3〕考查動詞。A.understand“理解〞；

B.compare“比擬〞；

C.train“訓(xùn)練〞；

D.master“掌握〞。即使是我們這些以寫作為生的人，他們應(yīng)該知道如何做采訪，如何傾聽，但他們往往會犯錯誤，錯過規(guī)那么:---。應(yīng)選A。

〔4〕考查動詞。A.begin“開始〞；

B.finish“完成〞；

C.form“構(gòu)成〞；

D.write“寫〞。錯過了這條規(guī)那么:“不要打斷或試圖完成別人的句子〞和這條規(guī)那么:“把注意力完全集中在說話的人身上，而不是集中在你的下一個評論上。〞應(yīng)選B。

〔5〕考查固定短語。A.otherthan“不同于〞；

B.orrather“更確切地說〞；

C.ratherthan“而不是〞；

D.orelse“否那么，要不然〞。錯過了這條規(guī)那么:“不要打斷或試圖完成別人的句子〞和這條規(guī)那么:“把注意