狀語(yǔ)從句什么是狀語(yǔ)？狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。1.Naturally,ourgrandparentswerepleasedtogetourphonecall.2.Weworkedhard,fromsunrisetosunset.3.Tohelpmydisabledaunt,Ispendanhourworkinginherhouseeveryday4.Seenfromadistance,thefarmhouselookeddeserted.5.IknowhowtolightacampfirebecauseIhaddoneitbefore.狀語(yǔ)的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。什么是狀語(yǔ)從句？狀語(yǔ)從句指句子用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子。狀語(yǔ)從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導(dǎo)，也可以由詞組引起。根據(jù)其作用狀語(yǔ)從句可分為：1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句4.條件狀語(yǔ)從句5.目的狀語(yǔ)從句6.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句7.比較狀語(yǔ)從句8.方式狀語(yǔ)從句9.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)特點(diǎn)一般情況下，時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”表示“一般將來(lái)時(shí)”，用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表示“將來(lái)完成時(shí)”。IwillcallyouassoonasIarriveinBeijing.AssoonasIhavefinishedthiswork,Iwillgohome.Ifhecomesback,pleaseletmeknow.1．時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until特殊引導(dǎo)詞：theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…whenIdidn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果園),themomenttheysawtheguardNosoonerhadIarrivedhome,thenitbegantorain.EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.表示“一……就……”除assoonas外，還有三類：名詞型——themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant；副詞型——immediately,directly,instantly；句式型——nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when…ThemomentIsawhim,Ifellinlovewithhim.Icameimmediatelyyoucalled.你一給我打電話，我就馬上來(lái)。Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.我一到家，就開(kāi)始下雨?！咀⒁狻咳绻鹔ardly,scarcely或nosooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，不能用一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí)，而要用相應(yīng)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來(lái)代替。When,while,as(一邊...一邊...),after,before,assoonas,since,till/until,bythetime(到。。。為止,所在句子的主句應(yīng)用完成時(shí))Mozartstartedwritingmusicwhenhewasfouryearsold.Hevisitedalotofplaceswhilehewastraveling.Helefttheclassroomafterhehadfinishedhishomeworktheotherday.when,while和as的區(qū)別when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。并且when有時(shí)表示“就在那時(shí)”,when＝andthen;atthatmoment。Whenshecamein,Istoppedeating.WhenIlivedinthecountryside,Iusedtocarrysomewaterforhim.Wewereabouttoleavewhenhecamein.While引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的，并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生（或者相對(duì)應(yīng)）。并且while有時(shí)還可以表示對(duì)比。Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.Ilikeplayingfootballwhileyoulikeplayingbasketball.As表示“一邊……一邊”，as引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，一般用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)“一先一后。Wealwayssingaswewalk.Aswewasgoingout,itbegantosnow.before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句before的本意為“在……之前”，根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境還可理解為“還沒(méi)來(lái)得及/還沒(méi)有……就……，趁著還沒(méi)……就……，不知不覺(jué)就……，……才……”等。After表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.Tosuchadegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn’tsleeplastnight.6．條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：if,unless,特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposingthat,incasethat,onconditionthatWe’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句一樣，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí)，而要用相應(yīng)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來(lái)替代。Tellmeincaseyougetintodifficulty.Supposinghedoesnotcome,shallwegowithouthim?7．讓步狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：though,although,evenif,eventhough特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as(用在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中必須要倒裝)，while(一般用在句首)，nomatter…，inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whicheverMuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatherisrough.Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.as,though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.=Thoughhewasasmallchild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.注意：a.句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。b.句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.=Thoughhetrieshard,heneverseems…nomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhen=whenevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterwhich=whichevernomatterhow=however注意：nomatter不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。（錯(cuò)）Nomatterwhatyousayisofnousenow.（對(duì)）Whateveryousayisofnousenow.（錯(cuò)）Prisonershavetoeatnomatterwhatthey’regiven,（對(duì)）Prisonershavetoeatwhateverthey’regiven.8．比較狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級(jí)比較),than(不同程度的比較)特殊引導(dǎo)詞：themore…themore…;justas…，so…;AistoBwhat/asXistoY;no…morethan;notAsomuchasBSheisasbad-temperedashermother.Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.Foodistomenwhatoilistomachine.nomorethan只不過(guò)(嫌少的意思)notmorethan不如。。。(前者不如后者)Ihavenomorethantwopens.It’snomorethanamiletotheshops.JackisnotmorediligentthanJohn.oneofthe+名詞(復(fù)數(shù))….之一(用于最高級(jí))HanMeiisoneofthebeststudentsinourschool.9．方式狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as,(just)as…so…,asif/though("正如…"，"就像")特殊引導(dǎo)詞：thewayWheninRome,doastheRomando.Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.asif,asthough兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣，表示所說(shuō)情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif(asthough)theyneverexisted.Helooksasif(asthough)hehadbeenhitbylighting.狀語(yǔ)從句的省略狀語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)具備下列兩個(gè)條件:主句和從句的主語(yǔ)一致，或從句主語(yǔ)為it；②從句主要?jiǎng)釉~是be的某種形式。從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞常可省略。When(themuseumis)completed,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.He’llgototheseasideforhisholidayif(itis)possible.另外，比較狀語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常省略。I’mtallerthanhe(istall).Thehigherthetemperature(is),thegreaterthepressure(is).狀語(yǔ)從句的"省略"現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語(yǔ)從句中:①由if,unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句;②由although,though,evenif/though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;③由when,while,as,before,after,until/till等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;④由as,asif等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句;⑤由as,than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。下面針對(duì)這五種情形作歸納。(1)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是it,且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be時(shí),it和be要完全簡(jiǎn)化掉。If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itis)inconvenienttoyou(2)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),從句可以將主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞簡(jiǎn)化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:a.連詞+形容詞As(hewas)young,helearnedhowtorideabike.Whenever(sheis)free,sheoftengoesshopping.Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou'llregret.b.連詞+名詞While(hewas)ayoungboy,hewasalwaysreadytohelpothers.Although(hewas)afarmer,nowheisafamousdirector.c.連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞As(shewas)walkingalongtheriverbank,shewassingingapopsong.Althoug