2023屆廣東省茂名市高三第一次綜合測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題

學(xué)校:姓名：班級(jí)：考號(hào)：

一、閱讀理解

HerearesomeoftheprettiestsmalltownsacrossEurope,fromhumblefishingtownsto

hilltopmedievalpowerbases.

Giethoorn,Netherlands

TheycallittheDutchanswertoVenice,butGiethoomlacksonecrucialthingthatthe

Italiancityhasinspades:overtourism.AsinVenice,liferevolvesaroundthewater,

here-therearenocarsinthecentersotheonlywaytogetaroundisonfootoronthewater.

Roscoff,France

Porttownscanberatherdirty.NotlovelylittleRoscoff,though,inFrance'sBrittany

region,whichbuiltitsfortuneonmaritimetrade.Today,ifsacenterofthalassotherapy,using

seawatertotreatmedicalconditions,aswellasabeautifulBretontown.Tinyfishingboats

restinthesmallharbor-withalargerone,whereferriesleavefbrPlymouthintheUK,further

out.

Dinkelsbuhl,Germany

Acutehistoriccenter,woodenhousesandlargetowers—Dinkelsbuhlhasitall.

WrappedbymedievalwallswithavastGothicchurch,StGeorge'sMinster,itwasthesetting

fbrWernerHerzog'sfilm“TheEnigmaofKasparHauser.^^

Clovelly,UK

DonkeysusedtobetheonlywaytogetupanddownthesteepstreetsofClovelly,a

prettyfishingvillageinDevon,southwestEngland.

Today,theystillhaven'tmanagedtobringcarsin——itsitsatthebottomofa400-fbot

cliff（懸崖）.Instead,goodsaretransportedbyman-poweredsledges（雪橇）andiftourists

can'tfacethewalkbackuptothecarpark,theycangrabarideinaLandRoverinstead.

1.Whereshouldvisitorsgoiftheywanttoreceiveahealthtreatment?

A.Giethoom.B.Roscoff.C.Dinkelsbuhl.D.Clovelly.

2.WhatcanvisitorsdoatClovelly?

A.Takeaboattour.B.Driveacar.

C.Getaroundonfoot.D.Takeaman-poweredsledge.

3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Toamusereaders.B.Totellthehistory.

C.Toeducatetourists.D.Tointroducesights.

ImaginethemostEnglish-Englishpersonyoucanthinkof.NowTmfairlycertainthat

nomatterwhatpictureyoujustthoughtup,thatpersoncomescompletewithastiffupperlip

andacupofteaintheirhand,becausethat'swhattheEnglishdo.Theycarryonandthey

drinktea.TeaissoutterlyEnglish,sucharootedpartoftheculture,thatit'salsorootedin

howeveryoneelsearoundtheworldperceivesthatculture.

AndwhileifsfairlycommonknowledgethatWesternershaveChinatothankforthe

originalcultivationofteadrinking,it'sfarlessknownthatitwasthePortuguesewhoinspired

itspopularityinEnglandinparticular,onePortuguesewoman.

Travelbackintimeto1662,whenCatherineofBraganza(daughterofPortugaFsKing

JohnIV)wonthehandofEngland'snewlyrestoredmonarch,KingCharlesII,withthehelp

ofaverylargedowry(嫁妝)thatincludedmoney,spices,treasuresandthehighlyprofitable

portsofTangiersandBombay.Thismadeheroneveryimportantlady:theQueenofEngland,

ScotlandandIreland.

WhensherelocatedupnorthtojoinKingCharles,sheissaidtohavepackedloose-leaf

teaaspartofherpersonalbelongings;itwouldalsohavelikelybeenpartofherdowry.Afun

legendhasitthattheboxesweremarkedIransportedeErvasAromaticas(Transportof

AromaticHerbs)latershortenedtoT.E.A.

Thatlastbitprobablyisn'ttrue(expertsbelievetheword"tea"camefromaChinese

character),butwhatisforsureisthatteawasalreadypopularamongtheupperclassof

Portugalduetothecountry'sdirecttradelinetoChinaviaMacau.

4.WhatdopeoplethinkofteadrinkinginBritain?

A.Typical.B.Fashionable.C.Incredible.D.Unusual.

5.WhopromotedthefashionofteadrinkinginEngland?

A.CommonWesterners.

B?TheChinesepeople.

C.Portugal'sKingJohnIV.

D.TheQueenofKingCharlesII.

6.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.TeawaspartofthedowryofCatherineofBraganza.

試卷第2頁(yè)，共10頁(yè)

B.Theword'tea'camefromPortuguesemarksontheboxes.

C.TeabecamepopularinPortugalearlierthanitdidinEngland.

D.ThedirecttradelinebetweenChinaandEnglanddevelopedbecauseoftea.

7.Whichisthemostsuitabletitlefbrthetext?

A.ThestorybehindBritishteadrinking.

B.ThelegendofteadrinkinginPortugal.

C.TheoriginofWestemers,teadrinking.

D.ThehistoryofteatradebetweenChinaandBritain.

Willskippingbreakfastmakemefat?

Thegoodnewsfbrthosewhodon'thavebreakfastisthatputtingonweightisn't

inevitable—aslongasyoucontrolthosehigh-caloriedesiresandstayactive.

Researchshowsthatalthoughavoidingbreakfastwillmakeyouhungrierandyoumight

makeupfbrthatwithabiggerlunch,thiswon'tnecessarilymakeyou“fitter"—onaverage,

thosewhoskipbreakfastdon'teatmoreacrossthewholedaythaniftheydidn'tskipit.Some

researchershavefoundthatyoumayeveneatfewercaloriesoverall,andendupusingyour

body'sfatreservesfbrenergy,whichcanactuallyhelpyouloseweight.

However,weightisn'ttheonlyconsideration:studiesshowthatbreakfast-skippersare

likelytoexerciseless.Thismaybebecausetheyhavelowerenergylevels-aftereighthoursor

sowithoutfood,thebodywillhaveusedupmostofitsstoresofeasy-to-accessenergyduring

sleep.Morningfestersarealsomorelikelytohaveunhealthy,butappetite-suppressinghabits,

suchassmokingordrinkingalotofcoffee.

Ifyouwanttoensurethatyoueataregular,nutritiousbreakfast,trypreparingitthenight

beforedon'tleaveituntilthemorning,whenyourbrainstrugglestomakegooddecisions.

Ifyoudoskipbreakfast...

■Don'tmakeupforitwithahugelunch,otherwiseyou511sufferovereating.

■Makesureyoueatsomethingbeforeyouexercise,oryourisk“hittingthewall”.

■Don'tmakeupfbrlackofenergywithcoffee-itcanmakeyouloseyourappetiteand

makeyouanxiousandnervous.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inevitable“meaninParagraph2?

A.Unbelievable.B.Unavoidable.C.Uncomfortable.D.Unbearable.

9.Whydosomebreakfast-skippersloseweight?

A.Theydomoreexercise.B.Theystayactiveallday.

C.Theyreservetheirbodyfat.D.Theytakeinfewercalories.

10.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Aimsofthestudies.B?Waysoflosingweight.

C.Effectsofskippingbreakfast.D.Suggestionsforbreakfast-skippers.

11.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsskippingbreakfast?

A.Objective.B.Positive.C.Negative.D.Doubtful.

Thewires,screensandbatteriesthatmakeupourdevices-nottomentiontheplastic,

metalandothermaterialsthatpackagethem-arefillinguplandfills.Somee-wasteis

relativelylarge:oldphonesandairconditioners,fbrinstance.Othere-wasteismorehidden,

suchaselectronicsingle-usemedicaldiagnostickits,environmentalsensors,andsmartlabels

thatcontainone-offbatteriesandotherequipment.

“It'sthesesmallbatteriesthatarebigproblems,sayspublichealthscientistDele

Ogunseitan,whowasnotinvolvedindevelopingthebattery.^Nobodyreallypaysattentionto

wheretheyendup.

ResearchersattheCellulose&WoodMaterialsLaboratoryattheSwissFederal

LaboratoriesfbrMaterialsScienceandTechnology（Empa）areworkingtoaddressthis

problem.TheirnewpaperinScientificReportsdescribesapaperbatterydevelopedfrom

environmentallyfriendlymaterialsthatcouldeventuallypresentasustainablealternativeto

themoreharmfulbatteriescommoninlow-powerdevices.

Thepaperbatteryhasthesamekeycomponentsasstandardbatteriesbutpackagesthem

differently.Likeatypicalchemicalbattery,ithas-apositivelychargedsidecalledacathode

（正極）,anegativelychargedsidecalledananode（負(fù)極）,andaconductivematerialcalledan

electrolyte（電解質(zhì)）betweenthetwo.Atraditionalbattery'scomponentsarepackagedin

plasticandmetal;inthenewbattery,theanodeandcathodeareinksprintedontothefront

andbackofapieceofpaper.Thatpaperisfilledwithsalt,whichdissolves（溶解）whenthe

paperisdampenedwithwater.Theresultingsaltwatersolutionactsastheelectrolyte.

Whenthepaperisdry,thebatteryisshelf^stable.Addjustacoupleofdropsofwater,

however,andthesaltdissolves,allowingelectronstoflow.Oncethepaperisdampened,the

batterybecomesactivewithin20seconds.Thenewbattery'soperatingperformancedeclines

asthepaperdries.Whenthescientistsrewetthepaperduringtesting,thebatteryregained

試卷第4頁(yè)，共10頁(yè)

functionalityandlastedanhourbeforebeginningtodryoutagain.

12.WhatcanweinferaboutsmalldisposalbatteriesaccordingtoDeleOgunseitan?

A.Theyarenobigproblems.

B.Theyneedtobeaddressed.

C.Theyshouldbemadelarger.

D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

13.What'sspecialaboutthenewbattery?

A.Ithasacathodeandananode.

B.Ithasdifferentkeycomponents.

C.Itscathodeandanodeareprintedonpaper.

D.Itscomponentsarepackagedinplasticandmetal.

14.Whatisusedtomakethenewbatterystarttooperate?

A.Salt.

B.Metal.

C.Ink.

D.Water.

15.Inwhichsectioncanwefindthetext?

A.Advances.

B.Reviews.

C.Culture.

D.Opinion.

二、七選五

Foursurprisingwaystoboostyourhearthealth

Asmuchas80percentofprematureheartdiseaseispreventablebymakingspecific

lifestylechoices.Somestrategics,suchasexercisingandmanagingweight,arewellknown.

[6"Asmallchangeinyoureverydayroutinecanpotentiallyhaveabigimpactinthe

longrun,“sayspreventivecardiologistDr.BethAbramson,aspokespersonfbrtheHeartand

Stroke（中風(fēng)）FoundationofCanada.

Geteighthoursofsleep.

Ifwedon'thaveenoughsleep,ourbodiesalsohavemoredifficultycontrollingblood

pressure,inflammationandglucoselevels.17

18

Doinggoodforothershelpsyourself-respectandrelievesstress.Researchissuedin

PsychosomaticMedicinein2016showedthatafeelingofpurposeinlifeislinkedtoalower

likelihoodofheartattackandstroke.Dependingonthetypeofworkyoudo,volunteering

mightevenincreaseyourphysicalactivity.

Avoidpollutedair.

Exposuretothiskindofpollutionovertimeraisesyourriskofheartdisease.19Try

togetyouroutdoorexercisefarawayfromhighwaysandindustrialdistricts,andspendmore

timeindoorswhentheairqualityindexispoor.

Laugh.

A2016studyintheJournalofEpidemiologyofmorethan20,000peopleovertheage

of65foundalowerriskofcardiovascular（心血管的）diseaseinthosewhoreportedlaughing

everyday.20Itmayalsoserveasamini-workout,helpingyourcirculationand

protectingthehealthofyourarteries（動(dòng)脈）.

A.Bekindtoothers.

B.Engageinvolunteerwork.

C.Youshouldlaugheveryday.

D.Laughterreducesstressanddepression.

E.Butothersmaynothavecrossedyourmind.

F.Thesefactorscanallhaveanimpactonhearthealth.

G.Evenshortperiodsofitareunhealthyforpeoplewithothercardiovascularrisks

三、完形填空

Oneday,avendor（小販）cametoourdoorstep,sellingbundlesofvegetablespricedat

onedollarperbundle.Mymom's21was50cents,nomorethanthat,butshe22to

buyfourbundlesatthatprice.Politelydeclaringthatshewouldn'teven23thecostat

thatprice,thevendorwalkedaway.

Aftertakingfourstepsahead,however,she24andshouted,"Makeit75center

bundle,andIwillsellittoyou.^Momshookherheadand25toheroriginalofferof50

cents.26forawhile,thevendorcamebacktoourdoorstep.Thedealwas27atmy

試卷第6頁(yè)，共10頁(yè)

mom'sbid.Mymompaidthemoney.Thevendortookitwithoutevencounting.Asshe

28,sheswayed（搖晃）duetoapparentdizziness.Mymomheldherhandsandasked

whethershehadhadany29inthemorning.Thevendorsaid,“No,Iwillneedtobuy

somewithtoday'searnings.”

Mymomaskedhertositdown,30inside,camebackswiftlywithsomefoodand

drinkandofferedthemtothevendor.Thevendorhungrilyand31,finishedthemall.

Thankingmymomforallthefood,shewentonherway.

Iwas32.1askedmymomwhyshewassomeaninbargainingfor50centsbutwas

33inofferingfoodofamuchhigherpricetothatvendor.

Momsmiledandsaid,"Thereisnokindnessinbusiness,butmytreatingthevendorkindlyis

frommymorality,whichisdifferentfrom34.Remember,thereshall35,beany

businessinkindness.,,

21.A.offerB.moneyC.changeD.discount

22.A.refusedB.failedC.promisedD.decided

23.A.cutB.coverC.shareD.shift

24.A.walkedonB.passedbyC.wentawayD.turnedback

25.A.stuckB.objectedC.referredD.responded

26.A.CountingB.PreparingC.WanderingD.Hesitating

27.A.canceledB.settledC.interruptedD.suggested

28.A.roseB.ateC.enteredD.refused

29.A.restB.foodC.moneyD.medicine

30.A.lookedB.hurriedC.pointedD.moved

31.A.carefullyB.patientlyC.embarrassedlyD.gratefully

32.A.movedB.shockedC.puzzledD.troubled

33.A.politeB.honestC.friendlyD.generous

34.A.interestB.kindnessC.businessD.friendship

35.A.neverB.alwaysC.usuallyD.sometimes

四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

ChinesestructuralbiologistYanNingannouncedonNovember1st,2022thatshewould

resign36PrincetonUniversityintheUSandjoinintheestablishmentofShenzhen

MedicalAcademyofResearchandTranslation(SMART)inthenearfuture.

“Inthenearfuture,IwillreturntoChinafull-time37(assist)inestablishinganew

researchanddevelopmentinstitutioninShenzhencalledSMART,38(integrate)several

functionsincludingscientificresearch,transformation,educationandfinancialsupport,Yan

saidattheShenzhenGlobalInnovationTalentForum.

WhileteachingatTsinghuaUniversityin2014,YanNing39(lead)ateamto

analyzethethree-dimensionalcrystalstructureofthehumanglucosetransporterGLUT1

initially.Aftertheachievement40(publish)inNature,it_41_,(immediate)received

widespreadattentionandpraisefromtheinternationalacademiccommunity.

YanearnedherPh.D.atPrincetonin200442returnedin2017asthe43(one)

ShirleyM.TilghmanProfessorofMolecularBiology.

Yansaidshewantedtosupportmoreoutstanding44(scholar)andtacklethe

varioushealththreatsfacingmankind.Shenzhenoffered45rightopportunity,andthe

citycanbuilditsplaceintheglobalbiomedicinefield,Yansaid.

五、建議信

46.假如你是李華，你的英國(guó)好友Mary給你發(fā)來郵件，說居家上網(wǎng)課時(shí)注意力難以集

中，她擔(dān)心成績(jī)落后，因此向你求助。請(qǐng)你回復(fù)她，內(nèi)容包括：

1.安慰；

2.建議；

3.祝愿。

注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearMary,

試卷第8頁(yè)，共10頁(yè)

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

六、讀后續(xù)寫

47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Helenwasayounggirl.Herparentstaughthertobekind,andshealwayswas.Andshe

livedahappylife.Unluckily,oneday,hermotherhadanaccident.Herrightlegwashurt

badlyandneededanexpensiveoperation.

Herfamilycouldn'taffordtopayfbrit.Althoughtheirfriendsandrelativesalltriedtheir

besttoofferhelpbutitwasfarfromenough.Andtheywereunsurewhattodonext.

Oneday,walkingdownthestreettoabookstorenearby,Helennoticedanoldmantrying

hardtoclimbthestepstoanearbypark.TheoldmanwithAlzheimer'sdisease（阿爾茨海默

氏癥）lefthomedaysagoandendedupwanderingaroundthestreetswhilehisson,Dr.Smith,

adoctoroftheCityHospital,hadbeentryingtofindhimbutinvain.

“Hecan'tclimbthesteps.Helookssoweak."Helensaidto-herself.Withouthesitation,

sheranovertohim.

“Sir,letmehelpyou!”

Themanmadenoresponse,thenHelenrepeatedit.Slowlyraisinghishead,theman

lookedather,surprised.Helengavehimasmileandthenhelpedhimclimbthesteps.4<Your

handsareshaking!?,Helensaidanxiously.6<Areyouokay?”

"I'msohungry,hemurmured."Iwanttowalk...totheparkfbr...arest."After

helpinghimsitonaparkbench,Helenrushedhomeandreturnedwithsomefood,onlyto

findthemanwaslyingontheground,unconscious.4tSir,pleasewakeup!”shecriedin

anxiety.”'WhatshouldIdo?”shewondered.

注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右2請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Lookingaround,shenoticedawomanstandingmetersawaytalkingonthephone.

“He'smydad!Wheredidyoufindhim?”Dr.Smithcried.

試卷第10頁(yè)，共10頁(yè)

參考答案:

1.B2.C3.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了歐洲最美麗的一些小鎮(zhèn)，各有特點(diǎn)，吸引游客前往游覽。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句"Today,it'sacenterofthalassotherapy,usingseawatertotreat

medicalconditions,aswellasabeautifulBretontown.（今天，它是一個(gè)地中海治療中心，使用

海水治療疾病，也是一個(gè)美麗的布雷頓小鎮(zhèn)。）“可知，這個(gè)美麗小鎮(zhèn)可以使用海水治療疾病，

因此想要接受健康治療的人可以前往Roscoff。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文最后一句"Today,theystillhaven'tmanagedtobringcarsin—itsitsat

thebottomofa400-footcliff（懸崖）.（今天，他們?nèi)匀粵]有設(shè)法把汽車帶進(jìn)來——它坐落在400

英尺高的懸崖底部）”可知，車輛無法進(jìn)入Clovelly,所以游客要步行游覽。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“HerearesomeoftheprettiestsmalltownsacrossEurope,from

humblefishingtownstohilltopmedievalpowerbases.（這里有一些歐洲最美麗的小鎮(zhèn)，從簡(jiǎn)陋

的漁村到山頂中世紀(jì)的權(quán)力基地。）”可知，本文旨在介紹歐洲最美麗的小鎮(zhèn)，介紹旅游勝地。

故選D項(xiàng)。

4.A5.D6.C7.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了英國(guó)飲茶文化背后的起源故事。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句"NowI'mfairlycertainthatnomatterwhatpictureyoujust

thoughtup,thatpersoncomescompletewithastiffupperlipandacupofteaintheirhand,

becausethafswhattheEnglishdo.（現(xiàn)在我很確定，不管你剛剛想到的是什么畫面，那個(gè)人都

是緊繃著上嘴唇，手里拿著一杯茶，因?yàn)橛?guó)人就是這樣做的）”可知，人們認(rèn)為英國(guó)人喝茶

很典型。故選A。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Andwhileit'sfairlycommonknowledgethatWesternershave

Chinatothankfortheoriginalcultivationofteadrinking,it'sfarlessknownthatitwasthe

PortuguesewhoinspireditspopularityinEnglandinparticular,onePortuguesewoman.（眾所周知,

西方人要感謝中國(guó)是飲茶的起源，但鮮為人知的是，是葡萄牙人，尤其是一位葡萄牙婦女，

激發(fā)了飲茶在英國(guó)的流行）”和第三段第一句"Travelbackintimeto1662,whenCatherineof

Braganza（daughterofPortugal'sKingJohnIV）wonthehandofEngland'snewlyrestored

monarch,KingCharlesII,withthehelpofaverylargedowry（嫁妝）thatincludedmoney,spices,

答案第1頁(yè)，共11頁(yè)

treasuresandthehighlyprofitableportsofTangiersandBombay.（追溯至U1662年，布拉干薩的凱

瑟琳（葡萄牙國(guó)王約翰四世的女兒）在一大筆嫁妝的幫助下贏得了英國(guó)新復(fù)辟君主查理二世

的手，嫁妝包括金錢、香料、珍寶以及利潤(rùn)豐厚的坦吉爾和孟買港口）”可知，英國(guó)國(guó)王查理

二世的王后促進(jìn)了英國(guó)的飲茶風(fēng)尚。故選D。

6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒第二段第一句"WhensherelocatedupnorthtojoinKingCharles,sheis

saidtohavepackedloose-leafteaaspartofherpersonalbelongings;itwouldalsohavelikely

beenpartofherdowry.（當(dāng)她搬到北方加入查爾斯國(guó)王時(shí),據(jù)說她把散葉茶作為私人物品的一

部分；這很可能也是她嫁妝的一部分）''和最后一段中的“butwhatisforsureisthatteawas

alreadypopularamongtheupperclassofPortugalduetothecountry'sdirecttradelinetoChina

viaMacau（但可以肯定的是，由于葡萄牙通過澳門與中國(guó)的直接貿(mào)易關(guān)系，茶葉在葡萄牙上

層階級(jí)中已經(jīng)很受歡迎）”可知，茶在葡萄牙比在英國(guó)流行得早。故選C。

7.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Andwhileit'sfairlycommonknowledgethatWesternershave

Chinatothankfbrtheoriginalcultivationofteadrinking,it'sfarlessknownthatitwasthe

PortuguesewhoinspireditspopularityinEnglandinparticular,onePortuguesewoman.（眾所周知,

西方人要感謝中國(guó)是飲茶的起源，但鮮為人知的是，是葡萄牙人，尤其是一位葡萄牙婦女，

激發(fā)了飲茶在英國(guó)的流行）“，第三段第一句中的“Travelbackintimeto1662（追溯到1662年廣

和第四段“WhensherelocatedupnorthtojoinKingCharles,sheissaidtohavepackedioose-leaf

teaaspartofherpersonalbelongings;itwouldalsohavelikelybeenpartofherdowry.Afiin

legendhasitthattheboxesweremarkedIransportedeErvasAromaticas（TransportofAromatic

Herbs）latershortenedtoT.E.A.（當(dāng)她搬到北方加入查爾斯國(guó)王時(shí)，據(jù)說她把散葉茶作為私人

物品的一部分；這很可能也是她嫁妝的一部分。一個(gè)有趣的傳說是，這些盒子被標(biāo)記為

IransportedeErvasAromaticas（芳香草藥運(yùn)輸），后來被簡(jiǎn)稱為T.E.A）”可知，文章主要是講

英國(guó)茶飲背后的故事。故選A。

8.B9.D10.C11.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文中主要就不吃早餐是否會(huì)變胖的問題展開論述，引用了各種研

究結(jié)果和發(fā)現(xiàn)。

8.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“aslongasyoucontrolthosehigh-caloriedesiresandstayactive.（只要

你控制對(duì)高熱量食物的渴望并保持活躍戶可知，只要控制對(duì)高熱量食物的渴望并保持活躍，

對(duì)于那些不吃早餐的人來說，好消息是體重并不是不可避免的，故畫線詞意思是“不可避免

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的”。故選B°

9.iffl節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Someresearchershavefoundthatyoumayeveneatfewer

caloriesoverall,andendupusingyourbody'sfatreservesforenergy,whichcanactuallyhelpyou

loseweighty一些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，你甚至可以攝入更少的卡路里，最終利用身體的脂肪儲(chǔ)備

來獲取能量，這實(shí)際上可以幫助你減肥）”可知，有些不吃早餐的人會(huì)減肥因?yàn)樗麄償z入的卡

路里更少。故選D。

10.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“However,weightisn'ttheonlyconsideration:studiesshowthat

breakfast-skippersarelikelytoexerciseless.Thismaybebecausetheyhavelowerenergy

levels-aftereighthoursorsowithoutfood,thebodywillhaveusedupmostofitsstoresof

easy-to-accessenergyduringsleep.Morningfastersarealsomorelikelytohaveunhealthy,but

appetite-suppressinghabits,suchassmokingordrinkingalotofcoffee.（然而，體重并不是唯一

的考慮因素：研究表明，不吃早餐的人可能鍛煉得更少。這可能是因?yàn)樗麄兊哪芰克捷^低

—在不進(jìn)食8小時(shí)左右后，身體將在睡眠中消耗掉大部分易于獲取的能量。早起禁食的人

也更有可能有不健康但抑制食欲的習(xí)慣，比如吸煙或喝大量咖啡廠可知，第三段主要講了不

吃早餐的影響。故選C。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Researchshowsthatalthoughavoidingbreakfastwillmakeyou

hungrierandyoumightmakeupforthatwithabiggerlunch,thiswon'tnecessarilymakeyou

“fitter”-onaverage,thosewhoskipbreakfastdon'teatmoreacrossthewholedaythanifthey

didn'tskipit.（研究表明，盡管不吃早餐會(huì)讓你更餓，你可能會(huì)用一頓豐盛的午餐來彌補(bǔ)，但

這并不一定會(huì)讓你“更胖”——平均而言，不吃早餐的人一整天都不會(huì)比不吃早餐的人吃得更

多）”以及第三段“However,weightisn'ttheonlyconsideration:studiesshowthat

breakfast-skippersarelikelytoexerciseless.（然而，體重并不是唯一的考慮因素：研究表明，

不吃早餐的人可能鍛煉得更少?gòu)V可推知，文中不涉及作者對(duì)不吃早餐的態(tài)度，即作者對(duì)不吃

早餐的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選A。

12.B13.C14.D15.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種新型的電池，同時(shí)講述了該電池的工作原理以

及相關(guān)應(yīng)用。

12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Othere-wasteismorehidden,suchaselectronicsingle-use

medicaldiagnostickits,environmentalsensors,andsmartlabelsthatcontainone-offbatteriesand

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otherequipment.（其他電子垃圾則較為隱蔽，如電子一次性醫(yī)療診斷包、環(huán)境傳感器以及包

含一次性電池和其他設(shè)備的智能標(biāo)簽。）''以及第二段中“"irsthesesmallbatteriesthatarebig

problems,"sayspublichealthscientistDeleOgunseitan,whowasnotinvolvedindevelopingthe

battery.,'Nobodyreallypaysattentiontowheretheyendup.（"這些小電池才是大問題，“公共衛(wèi)

生科學(xué)家DeleOgunseitan說，他沒有參與電池的開發(fā)。沒有人真正關(guān)注它們最終會(huì)去哪里。廣

可知，由于較小的一次性電池垃圾較為隱蔽,所以很少有人會(huì)真正的關(guān)注它們最終會(huì)去哪里。

由此推斷這些較小的一次性電池垃圾是亟需解決的。故選B。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Atraditionalbattery'scomponentsarcpackagedinplastic

andmetal;inthenewbattery,theanodeandcathodeareinksprintedontothefrontandbackofa

pieceofpaper.（傳統(tǒng)電池的組件用塑料和金屬包裝；在新電池中，陽(yáng)極和陰極是印刷在紙張

正面和背面的墨水。）“可知，新型電池中陽(yáng)極和陰極是印在一張紙的正反面的墨水。故選Co

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thatp叩erisfilledwithsalt,whichdissolves（溶解）when

thepaperisdampenedwithwater.Theresultingsaltwatersolutionactsastheelectrolyte」這張紙

里裝滿了鹽，當(dāng)紙被水浸濕時(shí)，鹽就會(huì)溶解。由此產(chǎn)生的鹽水溶液充當(dāng)電解質(zhì)。）”以及最后

一段中“Addjustacoupleofdropsofwater,however,andthesaltdissolves,allowingelectronsto

flow"然而，只要加入幾滴水，鹽就會(huì)溶解，讓電子流動(dòng)。）”可知，水是用來使新電池開始

工作的。故選D。

15.推理判斷題。通讀全文以及第三段中“TheirnewpeiperinScientificReportsdescribesa

paperbatterydevelopedfromenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialsthatcouldeventuallypresenta

sustainablealternativetothemoreharmfulbatteriescommoninlow-powerdevices」他們?cè)凇犊茖W(xué)

報(bào)告》上發(fā)表的新論文描述了一種由環(huán)保材料開發(fā)的紙電池，最終可能成為低功耗設(shè)備中常

見的有害電池的可持續(xù)替代品。）“可知，文章介紹的是一種新型的電池，介紹了該電池的工

作原理以及相關(guān)應(yīng)用。故可以推斷文章出自先進(jìn)科技部分。故選A。

16.E17.F18.B19.G20.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。日常生活中的一個(gè)小小的改變，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看可能會(huì)對(duì)預(yù)防心臟病

產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。文章主要介紹了幾個(gè)這樣的改變。

16.上文“Asmuchas80percentofprematureheartdiseaseispreventablebymakingspecific

lifestylechoices.Somestrategies,suchasexercisingandmanagingweight,arewellknown.（通過

選擇特定的生活方式，多達(dá)80%的早產(chǎn)兒心臟病是可以預(yù)防的。一些策略，如鍛煉和控制

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體重，是眾所周知的。）”提到一些特定的生活方式能預(yù)防早產(chǎn)兒心臟病，下文“"Asmallchange

inyoureverydayroutinecanpotentiallyhaveabigimpactinthelongrun,“sayspreventive

cardiologistDr.BethAbramson,aspokespersonfortheHeartandStroke（中風(fēng)）Foundationof

Canada4加拿大心臟和中風(fēng)基金會(huì)發(fā)言人、預(yù)防心臟病專家貝絲?艾布拉姆森博士說:“日常生

活中的一個(gè)小小的改變，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生巨大的影響?！睆S提到小的改變也能對(duì)預(yù)防

心臟病產(chǎn)生巨大的影響，由此可知，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，空處應(yīng)該是引起下文，E項(xiàng)“Butothers

maynothavecrossedyourmind.（但你可能沒想過別的。廣符合，故選E。

17.上文“Ifwedon'thaveenoughsleep,ourbodiesalsohavemoredifficultycontrollingblood

pressure,inflammationandglucoselevels.（如果我們沒有足夠的睡眠,我們的身體也很難控制

血壓、炎癥和血糖水平。廠提到缺少足夠的睡眠會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們很難控制血壓，炎癥和血糖水平，

結(jié)合全文可知，本文主要講述了一些小的改變能預(yù)防心臟病，由此可知，空處承接上文，指

出血壓，炎癥和血糖水平得不到控制后對(duì)心臟產(chǎn)生一定的影響，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Thesefactorscanallhave

animpactonhearthealth.（這些因素都會(huì)對(duì)心臟健康產(chǎn)生影響。）”符合，"Thesefactors”指代上

文提至II的bloodpressure,inflammationandglucoselevels,故選F。

18.此處是本段小標(biāo)題。由下文“Doinggoodforothershelpsyourself-respectandrelievesstress.

ResearchissuedinPsychosomaticMedicinein2016showedthatafeelingofpurposeinlifeis

linkedtoalowerlikelihoodofheartattackandstroke.Dependingonthetypeofworkyoudo,

volunteeringmightevenincreaseyourphysicalactivity.（為他人做好事有助于你的自尊和減輕

壓力。2016年心身疾病發(fā)布的研究表明，生活的目標(biāo)感與較低的心臟病發(fā)作和中風(fēng)的可能

性有關(guān)。根據(jù)你的工作類型，志愿者活動(dòng)甚至可能增加你的體力活動(dòng)。戶可知，做志愿者活

動(dòng)能降低心臟病發(fā)作的可能性，所以B項(xiàng)“Engageinvolunteerwork.（從事志愿者工作。戶適

合做本段小標(biāo)題，故選B。

19.上文“Exposuretothiskindofpollutionovertimeraisesyourriskofheartdiseased長(zhǎng)期接觸

這種污染會(huì)增加患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。）“提到長(zhǎng)期接觸污染的空氣會(huì)增加患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，下文

“Trytogetyouroutdoorexercisefarawayfromhighwaysandindustrialdistricts,andspendmore

timeindoorsw