ⅠⅡⅢⅣABCD靜態(tài)圖表graph/chart不同圖形特點動態(tài)變化圖(重變化)Line：分單根和多根,變化較曲折。Pie：經(jīng)常跟其他圖像混搭,本身包含信息不多。靜態(tài)圖(重比較)Table：數(shù)字眾多,信息量巨大,必須要有取舍,要把握變化最明顯的。Column：提供信息大,對比明顯。題目歸類題型本質上分為兩種——動態(tài)圖和靜態(tài)圖動態(tài)圖(數(shù)字變化)最好用數(shù)字變化來表達靜態(tài)圖(數(shù)字不變)則是靜態(tài)表格（純比較）的寫作模式雅思留學小作文寫作評分準則之內(nèi)容Contents:如實還原圖表1.無任何個人評價,嚴禁出現(xiàn)表示觀點的詞和個人推斷.2.不要描寫全部信息(數(shù)字,事物),分清主次,動態(tài)圖重在頂點底點及轉折點和交匯點等4類特征數(shù)據(jù)maximum–minimum-intersection-trend；靜態(tài)圖重在比較關系評分準則之結構1.分段準確2.body段落的展開方式：動態(tài)圖(線,餅)利用主語句型的不同和銜接關聯(lián)詞來展開；靜態(tài)圖(柱,表格)利用比較句式和排序方式而展開3.總結:對比不同研究對象之間關系或找到隱藏在圖形中的變化趨勢評分準則之詞匯語法1.詞匯的diversity尤為重要.2.時態(tài):總體趨勢的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,一般在第一段和結尾比較段出現(xiàn).具體數(shù)字變化用一般過去時,一般在中間段出現(xiàn).小作文基本詞匯收集從時態(tài),詞性,難易搭配和趨勢四點來考慮單詞上升:increase/grow/rise/jump/goup/climbup/soar/expand/rocket/hike/ascend/surge/boom/escalate/swell下降:decrease/fall/drop/decline/godown/climbdown/slip/shrink/descend/slump/ebb/crash/collapse/plunge穩(wěn)定,震動,大約holdsteady,leveloff,stabilize,remainsteady,stayconstant,keepstable,be/remainstatic,beconsistent,stagnateFluctuate,wave,vibrate,Varyfrom,Swing,Riseandfall,Increaseanddecrease大約：about/around/approximately/roughly/intheneighborhoodof幅度副詞顯著significantly,noticeably,obviously,sharplydramatically,rapidly,steeply,immensely,considerably,markedly,unexpectedly,平緩穩(wěn)定slowly,gradually,steadily,slightly,gently,moderately,subtly,modestly,smoothly,marginally波動fluctuately,wavily,flexibly數(shù)字,趨勢,頂點,低點數(shù)字:figure/data/statistics/number/percentage趨勢:trend/tendency/tendtobe頂點:beatitshighestlevel/topposition,reach/attain/toapeakof…(maximum/peak/summit/zenith/apex/climax),或peakat…這里的peak是動詞底點:Hit/reachafloor/bottom/base/valley，或者:bottomout（動詞短語）顯示Predict,indicate,display,expose,reveal,depict,illustrate,demonstrate,reflect,unfold,takeup/makeupcontribute/occupy/represent/accountfor

涉及到百分比的時候才出現(xiàn),只針對于pie和table線狀圖(動態(tài))永遠不變的小作文句型結構:主語+變化+到具體數(shù)字+時間段主語變化體現(xiàn)的四種變句模式(句式靈活)研究對象做主語/Therebe做主語/時間段(period做主語/變化趨勢做主語/地點做主語句型必殺技之研究對象主語研究對象做主語Thefigure/data/percentage(圖單位)of/in/about研究對象dropped/increased/fluctuated/leveledoff/remainedstable/wasupward(圖趨勢)from_to_(具體數(shù)字波動)during/between…and…,anditreachedthemaximum/minimumof…句型必殺技之therebe主語研究對象做主語Attentionshouldbedrawntothecontinuingrise/drop/wavein/of_from_to_.Therebe作主語Therewassteadying/waving/sharp/slight(用形容詞表趨勢)increase(名詞)/upwardtrendin/of_from_to_,reachingthebottomof_.句型必殺技之時間主語Thelasthalfof2008sawthemostsavagedecreaseindemandformotorvehiclessincethesecondworldwar.Thebiggest/quickest/mostnoticeableincreaseoccurredin2000,whichsaw/witnessedagrowth(替換increase)from_to_.Theyearbetween1980and2000witnessedahuge/flexiblechangefrom_to_.舉行必殺技之趨勢,地點作主語地點做主語Theplacewitnessedasharpincreaseinsthfrom…to…incertainyear.“趨勢”做主語

Averynoticeabletrendwasthesteadyincreaseinthenumberof__from___to__in___.Thetrendshowedthesteadyincreaseinthenumberof__from___to___in___.句型練習之婚禮費用上海的婚禮的花費從96年的5萬迅猛的震蕩上揚到08年的120萬,最終達頂點300萬在09年Thefigureofweddingfeeinshanghaiboomedrapidlyfrom50thousandrmbto1millionand200thousandrmbbetween1996and2008,reachingthepeakof3millionin2009.句型練習之婚禮費用Therewasasharprocketintheweedingfeeinshanghaifrom50thousandrmbto1millionand200rmbthousandbetween1996and2008,reachingthezenithof3millionin2009.Theamazingsoarofweedingfeeinshanghaioccurredbetween1996and2008,whichwitnessedtheupwardtrendfrom50thousandto1millionand200thousand,reachingtheclimaxof3millionin2009.句型練習之婚禮費用海的婚禮的花費從96年的5萬迅猛的震蕩上揚到08年的120萬,最終達頂點300萬在09年Shanghaisawatremendousriseofweddingfeefrom50,000rmbin1996to1,200.000rmbin2008,peakingat3,000,000in2009.Averynoticeabletrendwasthesteadyincreaseinthenumberofweddingfeefrom50,000rmbin1996to1,200.000rmbin2008,peakingat3,000,000in2009.句型練習之外國國籍加入外國國籍的百分比從1995的百分之一平穩(wěn)增長到2006年的百分之六.Thepercentageofimmigrantsstabilized(動詞)fromonepercentin1995to6percentin2006.Therewasasteadyandsmooth

rise(形容詞+名詞)inthepercentageofimmigrantsfromonepercentin1995to6percentin2006.Thepastdecadewitnessedastableascendanceinthepercentageofimmigrantsfromonepercentin1995to6percentin2006句型練習之外國國籍加入外國國籍的百分比從1995的百分之一平穩(wěn)增長到2006年的百分之六.Someimmigratingcountrieswitnessedasharpsoarofthepercentageofimmigrantsfromonepercentin1995to6percentin2006.Theimmigratingtrendshowedthesteadyincreaseintheonepercentin1995to6percentin2006.Structure結構Introduction總起段(介紹圖表)Body主體段(具體數(shù)字波動)Conclusion總結段:趨勢或對比背景句介紹題目四要素:圖表類型,圖表研究對象,圖表趨勢,圖表時間萬能OpeningOpening的四要素：Asisshown/displayed/revealed/inthe（1）圖的類型,the（2）圖的單位(number/amount/percentage/figure)of圖的主題（3）圖的趨勢fluctuate/rise/fall/change（4）(圖的時間)from…to…萬能opening前半句:Aswecanseefromthe圖的類型，Accordingtotheinformationdescribedinthe圖的類型，后半句:Thereisadramatic/slight/flexible圖的趨勢in圖的主題in圖的時間Theeducationalbackgroundofemployeesinacompany

Thecolumngraphshowsthechangesofeducationallevelsofstaffmembersinacompanyintheyearof1991,1996and2000.ThepercentageofenergysourceinAmericaAccordingtothepiegraphs,thereisadramaticchangeinthepercentageoftheenergysourcesoftheunitedstatesin1970and1980.*動態(tài)圖經(jīng)典第一段概括趨勢句(高分較難)位置:寫在第一段第二句目的:概括出總趨勢,給讀者以宏觀把握Alltrendscanbecategorizedintogroups(項目)/stages(時間)with(后面寫趨勢).舉例:Alltrendscanbecategorizedinto3groupswithfluctuatinginA,risinginBandfallinginC.概括句示范Allthetrendscanbecategorizedinto3groupswithasharpincreaseindocotor,afluctuationinbacheloranddramaticdeclineinsecondary.概括句示范概括句練習一概括句答案Alltrendscanbecategorizedinto2stageswiththedominance

oftheproportionofpopulationaged65andoverinAmericaandSwedenbeforearound2030andtheprevalenceofthatinJapanafter2030.P72Allstatisticscanbecategorizedinto3stageswiththeequilibrium均勢of/inthebirthanddeathratesinthefirstdecadeofthe20thcentury,thepredominanceofbirthrateinthefollowingtwodecades,andthepredominanceofdeathratefrom1930to1970. Allstatisticscanbecategorizedinto2groupswithgeneralincreaseinsalesfrom1991to2000andfluctuatinginprofitsinthesameperiod.Allthestatisticscouldbecategorizedinto2stageswiththeprevalenceincinemaspecatatorsbefore1960andthedominationintvpopularityafterthatyear.Allthetrendscouldbecategorizedinto2groupswithasharpincreaseintheattendanceoftvandageneraldecreaseinthepopularityofcinema.不一定用寫總分句的情況當然也可以簡化的寫成之表示項目1.部分餅圖和表格(無數(shù)字變化的情況下)2.曲線既沒有相交且趨勢相同3.所有靜態(tài)圖且沒有特征變化Body段寫法1.一般來講,兩根線分兩段,如果大于三根線,使用上升下降關系分段,如同為上升或下降則用更相同趨勢的線來分段.2.后面的話參考句型必殺技進分類詳細數(shù)據(jù)描寫.銜接手段After/before（之后）Therewasarise,before(然后)thenumberwentdown.Afterarise,therewasadecrease,beforethenumberremainedstable.whichwasfollowedbyTherewasarise,whichwasfollowedbyadecrease.銜接手段練習before乘客人數(shù)在1974年和1991年由于衰退和海灣戰(zhàn)爭而下降，之后持續(xù)上升。Thenumbersofpassengersfellintherecessionyearof1974,andin1991,theyearoftheGulfwar,beforecontinuingupward.銜接手段練習自從八十年代早期，鐵路使用一直增長；然而當?shù)氐墓囀褂脜s一直下降到99年，之后小幅增長。從1997/1998年開始到2000/2001年一直下降，在接下來的4年中每年都維持在21%水平，然后繼續(xù)下降至2004/2005年的19%Railusehasbeenincreasing,ingeneral,sincetheearly1980s,whilethenumberofjourneysonlocalbusescontinuedtofalluntil1999,beforeincreasingslightly.Itfellfrom1997/98to2000/01,andthenlevelledoffat21percentforeachofthefouryearsto2003/04,beforefallingagainby2004/05to19percent.小作文練習P83Direction:Thegraphrepresentsbirthanddeathratesinadevelopingcountry.Ascanbeseenfromthediagram,thetwocurvesillustratethefluctuationofbirthanddeathratesinthefirstseventyyearsofthiscountryinadevelopingcountry.Overtheperiodfrom1900to1910thedeathrateremainedconstant.In1910,however,it

roserapidlyandreachedthepeakof60perthousandin1920.From1920to1940thedeathrate

felldownsharply.Therewasaslightincreasebetween1940and1950,and

after1950itbegantodeclineagain.Ontheotherhand,before1920birthratealmostleveledoff.Then1930witnessedadropintheperthousandof30roughly.From1930to1940therewasasignificantgrowth,whichfollowedbyasteadyshrinkafter1940.Fromthechart,itcanbeseenthatthebirthratesandthedeathrateshaddifferenttrends.Whenthebirthratesjump,thedeathratesgodownaccordingly.兩根線圖Thegraphbelowshowsradioandtelevisionaudiencesthroughoutthedayin1992.

RadioandtelevisionaudiencesintheUK,October-December1992RadioandtelevisionaudiencesintheUK,October-December1992首段Thegraphshowsthepercentageofradioandtelevisionaudiencesover4yearsoldintheUKthroughoutthedayfromOctobertoDecember1992(總趨勢).Thefigurerevealsthatbefore2:00pmthereweremoreradioaudiences,whileafter2:00pmmorepeopleturnedtotelevision.(總結)廣播聽眾Thedataindicatesthatradiolistenersincreasedsubstantiallybefore8:00am,whenthepercentageamountedtoapeakof27%.Thepercentagethendeclinedsteadilyto11%at4:00pm,whichwasfollowedbyaslightincreaseto15%at5:00pm.However,fromthenon,therewasagainagradualdecreaseto2%until4:00am,whenthepercentagebottomedout.Theperiodfrom4:00amto6:00amsawanotherslightriseto4%inradiolisteners.電視觀眾AsforTVviewers,thepercentagewentupfrom6:00amto8:30am,whentherewasalevelingoffat8%until10:00am.Afteraslightdecrease,thepercentagerosesharplyto15%between12pmand2pm,beforeitdroppedslightly.Thepeak(45%)wasreachedat8:00pmafteramassiverisefrom14%since3:00pm.However,theperiodbetween8:00pmand3:00amsawaSlumpintelevisionviewers.Thepercentagereachedthebottomof3%at3:00am,whentherewasaslightriseafterwards.結論Throughthelinechart,wecaneasilydrawtheconclusionthatbefore2:00pm,thenumberofradioaudienceswaslargerthanthatofTVviewers.Afterthat,moreUKresidentschosetowatchTVinsteadoflisteningtoradio.Overall,inthese24hours,theTVviewersweremorethantheradioaudiences.首段ThelinediagramshowstheproportionofpeopleinJapan,Sweden,andUSAaged65+from1940andtheexpectedproportionsupto2040.From1940-1990,theproportionsofpeopleaged65+intheUSAandSwedenaresimilarandfollowthesametrend.In1940thefigureswere9%and7%respectively,risingto15%and14%respectivelyin1980,beforedippingto14%and13%respectivelyin1990.Thereafter,American’sproportionofpeopleaged65+leveledoutandisforecasttoremainat14%until2020,afterwhichitisexpectedincreaseto23%in2040.However,Sweden’sproportionofpeopleaged65+begantoriseafter1990.Thisincreaseisforecasttocontinueuntil2010whentheproportionisestimatedtobe20%.Then,thereisexpectedtobeaslightdropto18%in2030,followedbyasteepclimbto25%in2040.日本ThesituationinJapandiffersconsiderably,withafallinthepercentageofpeopleaged65+between1940(5%)and1960(3%).Thepercentageremainedsteadyuntil1985,whereuponitbegantoclimb.Thisriseisprojectedtocontinueuntilaround2030,whentheproportionofJapaneseaged65+isexpectedtoreach10%.Thereafter,withinjustafewyears,theproportionisforecasttorisedramaticallyto25%,withalessdramaticriseto27%in2040.結論Accordingtothegraph,beforetheyear2030,theportionofpopulationinJapanwhoaged65+waslessthanthatofinSwedenandAmerica,andafterthatitismorethantheothers.多線圖Thegraphsbelowshowthenumberofmenandwomeninfullandpart-timeemploymentinAustraliabetween1973and1993首段Thecurvesrevealthepercentageofmenandwomenofdifferentagegroupsinfullandpart-timeemploymentinAustraliabetween1973and1993.Thedatarelatesthattherewerealwaysmorefull-timemalesandlesspart-timemalesthantheirfemalecounterparts.Thegraphsforfull-timemalesshowthattherewerealwaysmorefull-timemalesin1973thanin1993.In1973thepercentageoffull-timemalesincreasedmassivelybeforeage25,whenthepercentageleveledoffat90%-95%untilage55,whichwasthenfollowedbyadramaticdecrease.Thegraphfor1993sharedthesametendency,whilethepercentagebegantoplummetattheageof45,tenyearsearlierthanin1973.Asforfull-timefemales,beforeage25thereweremorewomenparticipatinginfull-timeemploymentin1973,whileafterthatage1993sawmorewomen.In1973,thepercentagewas47%atage15andsoonreachedapeakof55%atage20,whichwasfollowedbyadramaticdropuntilage25.Thefigurecontinuedtodeclineto28%untilage30,whentherewasagradualincreaseafterwards.However,afterage45,full-timefemalesagaindeclined.Asimilartrendwasseenin1993.Nevertheless,atage15,only20%offemalesparticipatedinfull-timeemploymentin1993,27%lessthanin1973.Astopart-timeemployment,in1993bothmalesandfemalesoutnumberedtheircounterpartsin1973by10-20%,whichwasobviouslydistinctwithfull-timeemployment.Formales,in1993,thepercentageslumpedfrom23%atage15to8%atage25,whichwasfollowedbyaverysmalldecreaseuntilage40,whentherewasagradualriseafterwards.Thenthepercentagedroppedagainafterage60.Thedifferencebetweenpart-timemalesin1973and1993wasin1973afterage35thepercentagedidnotdeclineuntilage65.Forfemales,in1993,thepercentageslumpedfrom30%atage15to20%atage20,andthenremainedstableuntilage25,whichwasfollowedbyamassiveriseto30%atage35,whenthefiguredroppedcontinuouslyafterwards.Inconclusion,themostsignificantfeaturereflectedbythesefiguresisthatthepercentageofpeopleworkinginAustraliaincreasedinallfourgroupsexceptthegroupoffull-timemales.Inaddition,thepercentageofworkingteenagersroseinpart-timegroupswhiledroppedinfull-timegroups.線圖總結選擇單詞(上升,下降,波動,平穩(wěn)以及表示幅度的副詞)②4類句型(Therebe,橫坐標時間,縱坐標數(shù)值,地點)③選擇關聯(lián)詞(afterthan,then,before,follow,when)④伴隨狀態(tài)表達進一步的說明(with,morespecificly…)⑤結論或開頭需要點明特殊點,或者作細節(jié)總結⑥兩條曲線時:第一條曲線(事物)單獨寫;描述第二條時適當提及第一條曲線(事物)作對比(或者第二條曲線也單獨寫,然后在結尾作大致走向的對比)餅狀圖占據(jù):takeup/makeup/occupy/accountforConstitute/betheinstrumentof致成物剩余事物theresttheremainderSthisinthechargeofdueto//owingto//attributed/ascribedto/for—sth餅狀圖卓爾不群的表達60%=three-fifths/threeoutoffive5/6=five-sixths史上最難讀a/themajorityof=alargeportion/part/share/proportion/percentage>80%（93%）=alion’sshare/maximalproportionof5%=aminorityof,atinyportion37.8%=comparativelyamajorityof（<50%的最大值）87%/76%=comparativelyaminorityof倍數(shù)表示法whileNuclearrocketedby10times.whilethepercentageofNuclearwas11times//eleven-foldthatofitscounterpartwhiletherewasanincreaseof10timesinNuclear.比較和倍數(shù)練習俄羅斯,烏克蘭,和塔吉克斯坦的比例翻了一倍多,自從1990年社會主義垮臺后。美國占據(jù)世界上百分之45%的軍費支出，達到2007年的1.2trillion，比其他十四個最大國家加在一塊都要多。男性每小時的總收入比女性高百分之17.4%.RatesinRussia,UkraineandTajikistanhavemorethandoubledsincethecollapseofCommunismin1990.Americaaccountedfor45%oftheworld'smilitaryspending—$1.2trillionin2007—morethanthenext14biggestcountriescombined.Grosshourlywagesformenwere17.4%higherthanforwomenin2007.比較和倍數(shù)練習二與1980年的10%相比，失業(yè)率在1990年達到了最近十多年來的最低值4%。2003年的溫室氣體排放量在2002年的水平上增加了5.2%90年代的全球玉米產(chǎn)量比1985的高百分之十五。Thejoblessratein1990was4%,thelowestlevelinmorethantenyears,asagainst10%in1980.Greenhousegasemissionsin2003increased5.2percentbasedon2002.Thecropsyieldsworldwidein1990swere15%uponthoseof1985.多個事物的排列法一(餅圖,柱形圖,表格)①Aisthelargest/smallest/longest...②Bisaclose/farsecondwithjust+數(shù)字less.或者:whichisfollowedbyB.③ThirdcomesCwithonly+數(shù)字.或者：Cisclose/farbehindwith+數(shù)字或者:Ctakesthirdspot/placewith+數(shù)字④FollowingCcomesDwith+數(shù)字.⑥Finally/therestis,……多個事物的排列法二(餅圖,柱形圖,表格)Aoccupiedthemaximalportionofthe研究對象,with數(shù)字,whileBaccountedforcomparativelylessrate,withonly_（占據(jù)）,rankingsecond.

Furthermore,thethird,forthandfifthplaces(或者用數(shù)字)altogetherofthe研究對象wassharedbyC,DandE（共享）.TheremainingpartofitwasduetoF,G,H,IandJwhichfollowthesametrendandtakingsixth,seventh,eigth,ninthandtenthrespectively.（剩余）ThepiechartbelowshowstheaverageweeklyexpenditureperfamilyinBritain(1996)兩個圖的寫作原則一：方法：分圖寫第一張圖——排列法一或排列法二3句萬能句型(占據(jù),共享,剩余)第二張圖——漲/跌/平的比較,一般都是5個對象,基本分為2漲+2跌+（1平）ElectricenergyproductioninUS第一段Accordingtothepiegraphs,thereisadramaticchangeinthepercentageoftheenergysourcesoftheunitedstatesin1970and1980.第一張圖寫法Coaloccupiedthemaximalportionofthesourcesofenergy,with47%,whileNuclearaccountedforatinyshare,withonly1%（占據(jù)）.

Furthermore,28%altogetheroftheenergywassharedbyOilandHydro（共享）.Theremaining24%wasduetoNaturalGas（剩余）.第二張圖寫法之排序法Onthecontrary,itchangedstronglyintheyear1980.ThelargestportionofenergyinUSAcoalincreasedfrom47%to51%.Thennuclearwasafarsecondrisingfrom1%to11%,whichwasfollowedbyhydroandnaturalgasdecreasingfrom16%to12%and24%to15%respectively.Additionally,whatisworthmentioning,Oilremainedalmoststableduringthedecade.第二張圖寫法之數(shù)字升降法漲/跌/穩(wěn)定（曲線圖的3種變句）漲:In1980,thepercentageofCoalincreasedfrom47%to51%.(升)Afterthat,theyearof1980witnessedadramaticalboomfrom1%to11%innulclear.(升)Therewasadecreaseof4%inthepercentageofHydro(降).Inaddition,theyearof1980witnessedaslumpof9%inNaturalGas(降).Whatisworthmentioning

isOilwhichremainedalmoststableduringthedecade(平).末段Throughthecharts,wecaneasilydrawtheconclusionthatthenewsourceofenergy,particularlyNuclearwasgivenfullplaywhilethetraditionalones,thoughstilldominant,reachedtheirbottleneck/ceilingtosomeextent.(預測)兩個圖的寫作原則二上升與下降分組Theproportionofpopulationintheworld升降法第二段Theregionwiththebiggestproportionoftheworld’spopulationin1900wasAsia,with60%.Thisdroppedto54%in2000.Europe’spercentageplungedfrom25%in1900to14%in2000.升降法第三段However,theshareforallotherregionschangeddramatically.ThepercentageofpeoplelivinginAfricamorethandoubledfrom4.5%to10%,whileLatinAmerica’sproportionalmosttripledinthesameperiod.TheMiddleEastandNorthAfricaalsoincreasedtheirshare.

OnlyNorthAmerica’spercentageremainedconstant.第一段Thetwopiechartsshowfourdiseasesinrichcountriesandthedevelopingworld.Ingeneral,themostsignificantdifferenceisthatinfectiousandparasiticdiseasesstillplaguemillionsofpeopleinpoorercountriesbutalmostnoneinwealthierones.First,indevelopingcountries,almosthalf,46%,ofallillnessesareduetoinfectiousandparasiticdiseases.Heartdiseaseisaclosesecondwithjust3%less.Thirdcomescancerwithonly9%.Finallyotherdiseasesaccountforjustafraction,2%,ofalltheillnesses.Incontrast,inaffluentcountries,otherdiseasesarethebiggestsegment.Theyaccountformorethanhalf,54%,ofallillnesses.Followingthemcomesheartdiseasewith24%,around/abouthalfthenumberrecordedfordevelopingcountries.Cancerisnotfarbehindatastaggering21%.Last,infectiousandparasiticdiseasescompriseamere1%oftheailments.柱狀圖柱狀圖的要求：充分的比較（共性）和對比（差異），文字性的部分可以多一點。寫作原則：如果橫坐標頂點連成線是時間或者數(shù)字，那么就按照線狀圖來寫，反之則按照餅狀圖來寫分類,但不必完全局限在一種題型的要求上表示分類的詞匯名詞:classes,types,kinds,divisions,aspects,parts,categories,classifications,groups動詞:consisitof,fallinto,divideinto,classifyas,putinto,groupinto,categorizeintoTherearekinds(types,sorts,varieties)ofTobedividedinto…classesTofallinto…classesAmaybeclassifiedaccordingto(onthebasisof,dependingon)Theclassificationisbasedon/uponToberoughlyclassedundertwoheadsTobeclassedinfourgroupsTobeincludedunderthisleadTobestreamedintofivegroups表示比較對比詞Incontrast,onthecontrary,thesamewith…,compareto,differfromwith,followedasimilar/differentpattern/trendto,thiscanbeparalleledwith…,otherssharethesametendency靜態(tài)柱圖練習第一段Thegraphshowsthenumberoftelevisionsandcomputersper1000users,forselectedcountries..Thenumberoftelevisionsvariesgreatlybetweencountries.ThebiggestaudiencefortelevisionistheAmericans,with750televisionsper1000people.Incontrast,inthePhilippines,thereareonly20televisionsforevery1000people,rankingsecond.TherestpositionofthefiguresforthenumbersoftelevisionsinSweden,FranceandtheUKaresimilar,atbetween500and600setsper1000people.Inalmostallcountries,thenumberofPCsislowerthanthenumberoftelevisions.ThebiggestgapsareinFranceandSaudiArabia.Francehastwiceasmanytelevisionsascomputers,andinSaudiArabia,thereare200televisionsper1000peoplecomparedtojust50PCs.Incontrast,inSweden,thenumberofcomputers,at500,isalmostthesameasthefigurefortelevisions.SouthKoreaisveryunusualbecauseithasslightlymorecomputersthantelevisions,at400comparedtojust350televisions.結尾段Fromthecolumn,wecangetthatasmightbeexpected,generally,mostofthecountriesincludedinthegraphhavemoretelevisionsthancomputers動態(tài)柱圖ThebiggestgroupsmovingtoNewZealandweretheChineseandtheBritish.In2001about5500eachofBritishandChinesenationalssettledinNewZealand.Overthenextthreeyears,Britishimmigrationincreasedgraduallyandsteadilytoapeakof8200in2004.Incontrast,immigrationfromChinafluctuatedsharply,risingto8500in2002andthenplungingtojusthalf,4200,in2004.IndianimmigrationfollowedasimilarpatterntotheChinesesettlers.Itwasalsoaround5500in2001andthenrosetoover8000in2001beforefallingbacktojust3000in2004.Incontrast,immigrationfromSouthAfricaandFijiismuchmoreconstantatbetween3000and4000everyyear.表格圖表格題審題順序：確定寫作順序—一般按照餅狀圖來寫（橫坐標？縱坐標？）10sec表格審題編號——先對比,后數(shù)據(jù)在表格左邊空白區(qū)域標上trend編號30sec在表格內(nèi)圈出max&min(最特殊值),必須省略部分數(shù)據(jù)進行數(shù)據(jù)的描寫10min表格題練習ThetableshowstheGDPpercapita,adultilliteracyrates,andnewspapersalesperthousandpeopleforsevencountries.WecanseethatGDPpercapitavariessubstantiallyfrom2100USDinCubato13000USDintheBahamas,with5ofthe7countriesbelow5000USDpercapitaGDP.Theilliteracyratesalsodifferconsiderably.ThehighestilliteracyratesareforBrazil(16.8%)andJamaica(15.2%),whileArgentinahasthelowestrate,at3.6%.Mexico(at10.5%)andSurinam(7%)lieinthemiddle.Surprisingly,thesimilarcasecouldbefoundwithadultilliteracyrateforCubaandSurinam—4.4%.ThediversetendcanbeparalleledwithNewspapersalesperthousandpeople.Argentinahasthelowestilliteracyrateandthehighestnewspapersalesperthousandpeople(123/1000).Surinam(122/1000)andCuba(118/1000)havesimilarrates.TheBahamas(99/1000)andMexico(97/1000)haverelativelyhighlevels,too.Jamaica(63/1000)andBrazil(40/1000)havethelowestlevelsandhavethehighestilliteracyrates.Fromthechart,wecanseethatthelowertheilliteracyrateis,thehigherthenewspapersales.Thiscanbeseengenerally,inthatthefourcountrieswithilliteracyratesof7%orlesshavethehighestnewspapersales.表格題練習三國地鐵Thetablegivesusthreepiecesofinformationaboutsubwaynetworksinsixcities—thedatethatthesystemfirstopened,thetotalnumberofkilometerseachsystemhas,andthenumberofpassengerseachsystemcarriesperyear.Londonhastheoldestsystem,openedin1863,andthemostextensivenetwork,at394kilometers,almostdoublethatofthenextlargestnetwork(Paris).London’snetworkcarries775millionpassengersperyear,lessthanParisandTokyo.Paris’systemwasopenedin1900andisthesecondlargest,at199kilometers.Italsocarriesthesecondlargestnumberofpassengers—1191millionperyear.Tokyo’snetworkopenedin1927andis155kilometerslong.Itcarriesmorepassengersthantheothers—1927millionperyear.Thatisover50%morethanParisand2.5timesthenumberofpassengersusingLondon’ssystem.WashingtonDChashadasubwaysystemsince1976.Itis126kilometerslong—closetoTokyoinlength,butcarryingfarfewerpassengers—144millionperyear.Kyotohashadanetworksince1981.It’stheshortestofthesix,at11kilometers,andcarriestheleastnumberofpeople—45millionperyear.ThenetworkinLosAngeleswasopenedin2001,is28kilometerslong,andcarries50millionpeopleayear.Thismakesitthesecondshortestandsecondlowestintermsofnumberofpassengers.Overall,itcanbeseenthatthethreeoldestnetworksarethemostextensiveandcarrythemostpassengers,whereasthesystemsinKyotoandLosAngelesareparticularlysmall.流程圖FlowChart/ProcessDiagram描述圖表，讓沒有看到圖表的人，聽完你的描述以后，就對圖表的主要特征有所了解描述方法：首先寫圖形結構（按照時間順序或空間順序），然后是流程功能（例舉），或按題目要求寫Outline一：Thechartdescribe/reveals…二:Asisdisplayedintheflowchart,theprocessof_____canbeanalyzed/specifiedasfollows.atfirst/attheverybeginningthen/afterthat/inthenextstepatthispoint/alsofinally三:Asto/for,Inrespect/aspectof,Focusingon…四:T