托福閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)換算表及閱讀常考題型總結(jié)托福閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)換算表及閱讀?？碱}型總結(jié)1一、托福閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)換算表除重要觀點(diǎn)題和歸類題以外，每道題的分值都是1分，重要觀點(diǎn)題的分值可能是2分，歸類題為3或4分，考試所得分?jǐn)?shù)范圍：0-30分。大家在算出原始分?jǐn)?shù)以后，將被轉(zhuǎn)化為0-30分的最終分?jǐn)?shù)。以下是托福閱讀評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中原始分?jǐn)?shù)與最終分?jǐn)?shù)的對(duì)照表：二、托福閱讀?？碱}型托福閱讀題型共分為10種：1.FactualInformationquestions(事實(shí)信息題)2.NegativeFactualInformationquestions(否定事實(shí)信息題)3.Inferencequestions(推論題)4.RhetoricalPurposequestions(修辭目的題)5.Vocabularyquestions(詞匯題)6.Referencequestions(指代題)7.SentenceSimplificationquestions(句子簡化題)8.InsertTextquestion(句子插入題)9.ProseSummary(文章總結(jié)題)10.FillinaTable(表格填寫題)托福閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)換算表及閱讀?？碱}型總結(jié)21.從第一段的第二句開始，原文列舉了這兩種device各種的缺點(diǎn)，最后一句前半句說它們work，方法，與原文表達(dá)的意思相反，C將兩種方法比較，原文沒有這層意思。D整個(gè)和劃線部分相反，原文說在northernEurope不能用。space。catholicchurch的prayers活動(dòng)。3.對(duì)應(yīng)原文的第二句話，可根據(jù)alarmarrangement定位，前文說oneofwhichwasatnight，后面說towakenmonkbeforedawn，這兩個(gè)都可以算是原因，選項(xiàng)中符合的只有D。4.authoritative是權(quán)威的，A是真實(shí)的，B是重要的，C是官方的，D是有效的。因此C是正確的。文章中也說onlyone怎樣的timekeeper，所以應(yīng)該是官方準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間。5.前文說需要它去check這個(gè)machines，which前面說的是solardials所以指的是thesun。6.rudimentary是基礎(chǔ)的。A是稀有的，B是小的，C是不切實(shí)際的，D是基本的。所以根據(jù)詞義D正確。這里我們可以看并列的能成為迷惑選項(xiàng)，但其詞義不符。over，所以證明church在拒絕新的計(jì)時(shí)方法，也就是在試著保護(hù)自己的方法。8.installed被安裝的，A是需要的，B是被大部分人們希望的，C是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的，D是放置于。D最符合，并且原文中原詞的后面也跟了地點(diǎn)，所以用D最合適。9.根據(jù)clockmaker定位至倒數(shù)第二句，說制表人是正確和精密的領(lǐng)路人然后就對(duì)他們各種贊揚(yáng)。B，C，D選項(xiàng)都是在貶低制表人，所以很容易排除。B，D選項(xiàng)又和最后一句話明顯沖突。A符合原文。10.第五段主要說clockmaker引領(lǐng)了準(zhǔn)確，精準(zhǔn)工程的發(fā)展，他們是master，teacher等等，然后說他們是先鋒，但這些都是因?yàn)樗麄兪侵票砣?。所以這道題選B。ACD原文都沒提到。11.pioneer是先驅(qū)，A是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，B是對(duì)手，C是雇主，D是監(jiān)護(hù)人。原文單詞所在句后半句也說道他們作teacher，所以很容易理解他們是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。12.定位到原文最后一句，說使人們從task-oriented和time-fillingbusyness的模式變?yōu)閙aximizeproductperunitoftime，從而提高了productivity，所以選擇D。A，B原文都提到了，但是是轉(zhuǎn)化前的狀態(tài)，C沒提到。13.原句中nolonger反應(yīng)宗教儀式了，那么此句前后應(yīng)該有對(duì)現(xiàn)在的計(jì)時(shí)制度的描寫，另外句末提到了religiousritual，所以附近也應(yīng)該有對(duì)宗教組織的態(tài)度描寫，滿足這兩個(gè)條件的位置是C。14.A對(duì)應(yīng)第二段倒數(shù)第一句和倒數(shù)第二句后半句"withurbangrowthandthemultiplicationoftime

signals,discrepancybroughtdiscordandstrife.Societyneededamore

dependableinstrumentoftimemeasurementandfounditinthemechanical

clock."正確。B與原文第一段矛盾。不選。C原文并沒有提到說有大量的timekeepers，而第三段還說只能有一個(gè)權(quán)威的timekeeper不選。D對(duì)應(yīng)原文第三段，說應(yīng)用mechanical

clock之后waterclock很快被棄用了，但sunclock依然留下用來對(duì)照mechanicalclock的準(zhǔn)確性，錯(cuò)，不選。托福閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)換算表及閱讀?？碱}型總結(jié)3【1】InEurope,beforetheintroductionofthemechanicalclock,peopletoldtimebysun(using,forexample,shadowsticksorsundials)andwaterclocks.Sunclocksworked,ofcourse,onlyoncleardays;waterclocksmisbehavedwhenthetemperaturefelltowardfreezing,tosaynothingoflong-rundriftastheresultofsedimentationandclogging.Boththesedevicesworkedwellinsunnyclimates;butinnorthernEuropethesunmaybehiddenbycloudsforweeksatatime,whiletemperaturesvarynotonlyseasonallybutfromdaytonight.【3】Wedonotknowwhoinventedthismachine,orwhere.ItseemstohaveappearedinItalyandEngland(perhapssimultaneousinvention)between1275and1300.Onceknown,itspreadrapidly,drivingoutwaterclocksbutnotsolar

dials,whichwereneededtocheckthenewmachinesagainstthetimekeeperoflastresort.Theseearlyversionswererudimentary,inaccurate,andpronetobreakdown.Fromthestart,however,thetownsandcitiestookequalhoursastheir

standard,andthepublicclocksinstalledintownhallsandmarketsquaresbecametheverysymbolofanew,secularmunicipalauthority.Everytownwantedone;conquerorsseizedthemasespeciallypreciousspoilsofwar;touristscametoseeandhearthesemachinesthewaytheymadepilgrimagestosacredrelics.【5】Theclockwasthegreatestachievementofmedievalmechanicalingenuity.Itsgeneralaccuracycouldbecheckedagainsteasilyobservedphenomena,liketherisingandsettingofthesun.Theresultwasrelentlesspressuretoimprovetechniqueanddesign.Ateverystage,clockmakersledthewaytoaccuracyandprecision;theybecamemastersofminiaturization,detectorsandcorrectorsoferror,searchersfornewandbetter.Theywerethusthepioneersofmechanicalengineeringandservedasexamplesandteacherstootherbranchesof

engineering.托福閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)換算表及閱讀?？碱}型總結(jié)41.Whydoestheauthorprovidetheinformationthat"innorthernEuropethesunmaybehiddenbycloudsforweeksatatime,whiletemperaturesvarynotonlyseasonallybutfromdaytonight"?A.Toemphasizethevarietyofenvironmentsinwhichpeopleusedsunandwaterclockstotelltime.B.Toillustratethedisadvantageofsunandwaterclocks.C.Toprovideanexampleofanareawherewaterclockshaveanadvantageoversunclocks.D.TocountertheclaimthatsunandwaterclockswereusedalloverEurope.2.Accordingtoparagraph2,allofthefollowingareexamplesoftheimportanceoftimekeepingtomedievalEuropeansocietyEXCEPTA.theneedofdifferenttownstocoordinatetimekeepingwitheachother.B.thesettingofspecifictimesfortheopeningandclosingofmarkets.C.thesettingofspecifictimeforthestartandfinishoftheworkingday.D.theregulationoftheperformanceofdailychurchrituals.3.Accordingtoparagraph2,whydidthemedievalchurchneedanalarmarrangement?A.Thealarmwarnedthemonksofdiscordorstrifeinthetown.B.Thechurchwasresponsibleforregulatingworkinghoursandmarkethours.C.Thealarmwasneededincasefireswerenotputouteachnight.D.Oneofthechurch'sdailyritualsoccurredduringthenight.4.Theword"authoritative"inthepassage(paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningA.actual.B.important.C.official.D.effective.5.Theauthorusesthephrase"thetimekeeperoflastresort"toreferA.waterclocks.B.thesun.C.mechanicalclocks.D.thechurch.6.Theword"rudimentary"inthepassage(paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningA.rare.B.small.C.impractical.D.basic.7.Accordingtoparagraph4,howdidtheCatholicChurchreacttotheintroductionofmechanicalclocks?A.Itsusedmechanicalclocksthroughtheperiodofurbancollapse.B.Itusedclockstobetterunderstandnaturalphenomena,likeequinoxes.C.Ittriedtopreserveitsownmethodofkeepingtime,whichwasdifferentfrommechanical-clocktime.D.Itusedmechanicalclockstochallengesecular,townauthorities.8.Theword"installed"inthepassage(paragraph4)isclosestinmeaningA.required.B.expectedbythemajorityofpeople.C.standardized.D.putinplace.9.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph5thatmedievalclockmakersA.wereabletocontinuallymakeimprovementsintheaccuracyofmechanicalclocks.B.weresometimesnotwellrespectedbyotherengineers.C.sometimesmadeclaimsabouttheaccuracyofmechanicalclocksthatwerenottrue.D.rarelysharedtheirexpertisewithotherengineers.10.Paragraph5answerswhichofthefollowingquestionsaboutmechanicalclocks.A.Howdidearlymechanicalclockswork?B.Whydidthedesignofmechanicalclocksaffectengineeringingeneral?C.Howweremechanicalclocksmade?D.Whatinfluencedthedesignofthefirstmechanicalclock?11.Theword"pioneers"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA.leaders.B.opponents.C.employers.D.guardians.12.Accordingtoparagraph6,howdidthemechanicalclockaffectlabor?A.Itencouragedworkerstodomoretime-fillingbusywork.B.Itenabledworkerstobemoretaskoriented.C.Itpushedworkerstoworkmorehourseveryday.D.Itledtoafocusonproductivity.13.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecanbeaddedtothepas