Review(復(fù)習(xí))被動(dòng)語態(tài)講解（passivevoice）ByLuoHaiyuan

Thepassivevoice被動(dòng)語態(tài)英語語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來表示主語和謂語動(dòng)詞的之間的關(guān)系。英語中動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者變成了by的賓語。如：Thepolicecaughtthethief.

警察抓住了小偷。Thethiefwascaughtbythepolice.小偷被警察抓住了。TheyspeakEnglish.他們講英語。

Englishisspokenbythem.英語被他們講。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成:助動(dòng)詞be+(及物動(dòng)詞的)過去分詞助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：am(is,are)+done(過去分詞)一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was(were)+done（過去分詞）{時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)clean，is/am/are+cleanedcleanedwill/begoingtocleanwas/were+cleanedwillbecleanedbegoingtobecleaned時(shí)態(tài)肯定形式否定形式疑問形式一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)S+was/were+doneS+was/were+not+doneWas/Were+S+done?S+willnotbe+doneS+am/is/aregoingtobedoneAm/Is/Are+S+goingtobedone?S+am/is/arenotgoingtobedoneWill+S+done?S+willbe+doneThepassivevoice.被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法:

不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí),常用被動(dòng)語態(tài).eg.Mybikewasstolenyesterday.ThiscarismadeinAmerican.2.

不必要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí),常用被動(dòng)語態(tài).eg.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.3.為了突出強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),常用被動(dòng)語態(tài).eg.Thousandsofbeachesarepolluted.(污染).1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：1)一般情況在動(dòng)詞原形后加-ed2)以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的加-d3)以輔音加y結(jié)尾的，去y變i加-ed4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-edwatch---watchedpractice---practicedstudy---studiedstop---stopped2.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：amcatch-caughtisbeenfly-flownarefeel-felthavespeak-spokenhadmake-madehassell-solddo—donethink-thoughtwrite—writtentake-takengo—gonespell-spelt

找出句中動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者和承受者。

1)Ifoundthelostwatchthreedaysago.2)Hehaswrittenabook.3)Sallycleansherroomeveryweek.4)Theymakethiskindofmachineinthatfactory.Wewatertheplantseverydayafterbreakfast.6)Hehasgotup.7)Aretheybuildingabridgeovertheriver?Ourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.9)TheseshoesaremadeinWenzhou.10)Herbikewasputunderthetreebyhissister.用助動(dòng)詞be的正確形式完成被動(dòng)語態(tài).1.English___taughtinourschool.2.Football____(not)playedhere.4.We____toldaninterestingstorybyourteacheryesterdayafternoon.5.Akite___beingmadeby(us).6.What____saidbyyouatthemeeting.7.Ourhomeworkmust___finishedfirst.isisn’twereiswasbe下列句中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是否使用正確，如不正確，請(qǐng)改正。1.Englishspokenaroundtheworld.2.Thetreesareplantbythefarmers.4.ThiskindofcarsaremadedinChina.5.Anewskirtisboughtformebymymother.6.Jimwasgaveapresent.thatday.7.Thechildrenshouldarelookedafterwell.8.Arethestampsuseforsendingletters?isplantedmadewasgivenbeused

不同時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。am/is/are+過去分詞

1.Ourclassroomiscleanedtwiceeveryday.

我們的教室每天打掃兩次。

2.Youarewantedonthetelephone.你的電話。

3.Iamtoldtheyhavecomeherealready.

有人告訴我他們已經(jīng)到這兒。

4.Amanwithgoodmannersisrespectedbypeople.一個(gè)有禮貌的人總是受到人們的尊敬。

一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):

was/were+過去分詞

1.Thehousewasbuiltin1985.

這幢房子是1985年建的。

2.Thepeople’srepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.

中華人民共和國(guó)成立與1949年。

3.Theflowersweren’twateredyesterday.

這些花昨天沒澆水。一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):will/shall+be+過去分詞;

begoingto+be+過去分詞

1Thefootballmatchwillbeplayednextweek.那場(chǎng)球賽將在下周舉行。

2Ishall/willbeinvitedasanimportantguest.我將作為重要的客人被邀請(qǐng)。

過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):

would/should+be+過去分詞；1Sallysaidhewouldbewelcomedbythechildren.Sally說他會(huì)受到孩子們的歡迎的。2Thevillagerstoldusanewmodernhospitalwouldbebuiltintheirhometown.

村民們說在他們家鄉(xiāng)將建起一所現(xiàn)代化的醫(yī)院。

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):is/am/are+being+過去分詞

1.Thisquestionisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.

這個(gè)問題正在會(huì)上討論。

2.Isthenewroadbeingbuilt?

那條新馬路正在修建嗎？

3.Hisnewdeskisbeingpainted.

他的新課桌正在上油漆。

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):

was/were+being+過去分詞1.WhenIcalled,teawasbeingserved.

正在我召喚的時(shí)候，茶端上來了。

2.Whenwegotthere,ourquestionwasbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.

當(dāng)我們到那兒的時(shí)候，我們的問題正在會(huì)上討論著。

3Atthattimetheywerebeingtaughthowtoflykites.他的新課桌正在上油漆。

7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):

has/have+been+過去分詞1.Theroomlooksnice.Ithasbeencleaned.

房間很干凈，經(jīng)打掃過了。2.Thegashasbeenturnedoff.

煤氣已經(jīng)關(guān)了。

8.過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):

had+been+過去分詞1Computershadn’tbeeninvented

afterhewasborn.在他出生之后，電腦還沒被發(fā)明出來。

2Thepriceoftheoilhadbeencutalittlebylastmonth.到上個(gè)月油價(jià)已經(jīng)降了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。

3Brucedidn’tknowaboutthechangeoftheplans.Hehadn’tbeentold.9）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。Yourproblemcanbesolvedeasily.

你的問題很容易被解決。2.Ricemustbegrowninteplacesnwithenoughrainwater.3Teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes.主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的步驟:把原主動(dòng)句中的賓語轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語.2.把動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)形式,即“be+過去分詞”

.注意be動(dòng)詞要按新的主語的人稱和數(shù)進(jìn)行變化,時(shí)態(tài)要和原來的主動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致.3.原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中的主語,如果需要,就放在by后面以它的賓格形式出現(xiàn).如果沒有必要就可以省略.其他的成分(定語,狀語)不變,句式也不能變.Thepassivevoice.被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)圖:Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.ThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.主語謂語動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)賓語時(shí)間狀語主語謂語動(dòng)詞的過去分詞賓語時(shí)間狀語Thepassivevoice.被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)改被動(dòng)語態(tài):Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.wasby主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的程序：一變：賓變主，主變賓，賓語前面by來跟。謂語動(dòng)詞變過分，前面不忘be來跟。二套：套時(shí)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)事態(tài)一致。三注意：注意因人稱變化而引起的主謂一致問題。主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的問題：1.含有直接賓語和間接賓語時(shí)，一般把指人的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，指物的直接賓語保留不動(dòng)。如果要將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，那么動(dòng)詞后要加介詞。(視情況)Hegavemeadictionary.Iwasgivenadictionarybyhim.Adictionarywasgiventome.常見的能帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：give,show,bring,lend,send,offer,pass,tell…

常與介詞to搭配。buy,make,draw與介詞for搭配。例：MrZhangmademeamodelplane.Iwasmadeamodelplane(byMrZhang).AmodelplanewasmadeformebyMrZhang.2.含有賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子，賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z后，賓語補(bǔ)足語改為主語補(bǔ)足語，原來的位置一般不變。

Wekeepfoodcoldinthefridge.Foodiskeptcoldinthefridge.在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,watch,noticefind及使役動(dòng)詞make,have,let等后加省略to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)后必須加上to.以便將兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞隔開。seehearwatchnoticesbdosthmakelethaveseenheardwatchednoticeddosthmadelethadSbbetoWeoftenhearhersingtheEnglishsong.SheisoftenheardtosingtheEnglishsong.3.一些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞短語也可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，將整個(gè)短語看成一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。①Someoneturnedoffthelight.

Thelightwasturnedoff(bysomeone).①Wecantakegoodcareofyourchildhere.Yourchildcanbetakengoodcareofhere.5.有些動(dòng)詞或詞組一般不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如：happen,takeplace,breakout,comeout,belongto等。①Whathashappenedtothem?②Greatchangeshavetakenplace.6.表示靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

have,hold,fit,know,cost7.系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。be,look,become…III.將下列句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。1.Wedon’tplayfootballhere.2.Peopletakegoodcareoftreeshere.3.Ourteachertoldusaninterestingstory

yesterdayafternoon.Footballisn’tplayed(byus)here.Treesaretakengoodcareof(bypeople)here.Weweretoldaninterestingstorybyourteacher.yesterdayafternoon.4.Wearemakingakitenow.5.Whatdidyousayatthemeeting?6.Wemushfinishourhomeworkfirst.Akiteisbeingmade(byus)now.Whatwassaid(byyou)atthemeeting.Ourhoeworkmustbefinishedfirst.7.Weshoulddigaholefortheyoungtree.8.peopleoftenseeherreadunderthatoldappletree.9.Theyboughtmeanewpencil-box.10.Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.AholeshouldbedugfortheyoungtreeSheisoftenseentoreadunderthatoldappletree.Iwasboughtanewpencil-box(bythem).wasboughtAnewpencil-boxforme(bythem).willbebuiltAnewbridgeovertheriver(bythem).11.UncleWangismendingmybikenow.12.Agirlsawmypendropwhenshepassedby.13.Peopleoftenmakefunofhim.14.Wecan’tlaughathim.isbeingmendedMybikenow.byUncleWangwasseenMypentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.isoftenHemadefunofbypeople.can’tHebelaughedatbyus.15.Heshowedmetheticket.16.Motherboughtusabigpresent.17.Theteachermadethemstandoutside.18.Theywillplantmanytreesnextyear.wasIshowntheticketbyhim..wereWeboughtabigpresentbymother.wereTheymadetostandoutsidebytheteacher.Manytreeswillbeplantednextyear.(bythem)19.Haveyouboughtalotofequipmentyet?20.Wheredidyouleaveyourkeys?Hasbeenboughtalotofequipmentyet?byyouwereleft?Whereyourkeys選擇填空1.Somebooksweregiven______himbyateacher.(A.forB.byC.to)2.Hewasmade_______everything.(A.totellB.tellC.told)3.Hemademe______everything.(A.totellB.toldC.tell)4.Thework______soon.(A.willfinishB.willbefinishedC.hasfinished)yesterday5.Theroomistoodirty.Iknow.It_______forafewdays.A.hasn’tcleanedB.hasn’tbeencleanedC.wasn’tcleaned6.Where_____rice______?(A.is,grown;B.is;growC.does,grow)7.TheOlympicsGames__everyfouryears.(A.isheldB.areheldC.istakenplace)8.Mary________toattendameeting.(A.isaskedB.wasasked)9.Thegroundwascovered______snow.(A.byB.withC.on)10.Thisoldmanneeds_____.(A.beinglookedafterB.lookedafterC.lookingafter)11.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.(A.wasknownB.wasknewC.isknown)12.Nowthesenewspapers______inthelibraryforalongtime.(A.havekeptB.havebeenkeptC.hadkept)13.Whenyourhomework_____,youcanplaybasketballwithyourfriends.(A.willbedone.B.wouldbedoneC.wasdoneD.isdone)14.Thiskindofbike_____asmallfacory.A.ismadeinB.wasmadeby15.Thecake____delicious.A.smellB.smellsC.issmelledD.issmelling16.Silk_____insomeshopsinShanghai.A.issoldB.sellC.areshown17.Icanplaycomputergamesnowbecausemyhomework________.A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinished18.Howmanybabies______inourcountryeveryyear?A.arebornB.havebornC.werebornD.willbeborn19.Myfatherhasgivenupsmokingsincehe____.A.operatedB.wasoperatedC.willbeoperated20.Thefootballmatch______.Let’sgoandwatchit.AisholdingB.isbeingheld21.Shewasadvised_____themedicine.A.takingB.totakeC.took22.Heisknown____anadvancedworker.A.tobeB.beC.being23.Theoldshould___inourcountry.(A.betakengoodcareB.betakengoodcareof)24.Thetrees_____by5p.m.(A.mustplantB.areplantedC.havetobeplanted)25.Themeeting____inRoom135tomorrowmorning.(A.isheld.B.willbeheld)26.Allkindsofvegetables_____inthesupermarket.(A.canbuyB.canbebought)27.MayIuseyourcomputer?Mine____.(A.isbeingrepariedB.isbeingrepairing)28.Youshoes_____.You’dbettercometogettheminhalfanhour.A.aremendingB.havemendedC.arebeingmendedD.havebeenmended29.Thenewcomputers____tobethevillageaspresentslastmonth..(A.gaveB.weregiven)30.TVandradioprogrammes___theothersideofteworldwiththehelpofthesatellites.A.canbesentB.cansendtoC.canbesenttoD.cansendon31.Canyoutellmewhomthebook____in1998?(A.waswrittenB.waswrittenby)32.Hundredsofjobs____ifthefactoriescloses.(A.lostB.willbelostC.willlost)33.Thetwenty-fivesizeshoes_____out.A.aresellingB.soldC.havebeensold33.Thiskindofcloth____verysoft.A.isfelt.B.feelsC.feel34.Howmanybooks___inthefactorylastyear?A.arepublishedB.werepublished35.AnEnglishfilmwill_____ninthiscinemanextSaturday.(A.showB.beshown)36.Themedicine_____incoolplace.A.mustkeptB.mustkeepC.mustbekept37.Mostofhistime______computergames.A.spentplayingB.isspenttoplayC,isspentinplaying38.He____happy.A.looksB.lookedC.islooked39.Thebook_____well.A.sellsB.issold40.Theseclothes_____well.A.washB.washesC.arewashed41.Thefloorwants______.A.cleaningB.tobecleanedC.cleaned42.Thequestionishard______A.toanswer.B.tobeanswered43.What_______toyou?A.hasbeenhappenedB.hashappenedIII.將下列句子變成否定句和疑問句。1.ThemeetingwillbeheldinRoom136tomorrowmorning.ThemeetingwillbeheldinRoom136tomorrowmorning.notthemeetingbeh