八年級下冊Units1—2核心知識盤點1.footn.腳；足2.neckn.頸；脖子3.stomachn.胃；腹部4.throatn.咽喉；喉嚨5.fevern.發(fā)燒6.restv.&n.放松；休息7.coughn.&v.咳嗽8.toothachen.牙痛9.headachen.頭痛重點單詞10.passengern.乘客；旅客11.troublen.問題；苦惱12.kneen.膝；膝蓋13.riskn.&v.危險；風(fēng)險；冒險14.situationn.情況；狀況15.knifen.刀16.bloodn.血17.controln.&v.限制；約束；管理18.deathn.死；死亡19.nursen.護士Unit11.footn.腳；足2.neckn.頸；脖子3.stomachn.胃；腹部4.throatn.咽喉；喉嚨5.fevern.發(fā)燒6.restv.&n.放松；休息7.coughn.&v.咳嗽8.toothachen.牙痛9.headachen.頭痛10.passengern.乘客；旅客11.troublen.問題；苦惱12.kneen.膝；膝蓋13.riskn.&v.危險；風(fēng)險；冒險14.situationn.情況；狀況15.knifen.刀16.bloodn.血17.controln.&v.限制；約束；管理18.deathn.死；死亡19.nursen.護士Unit220.cheerv.歡呼；喝彩21.volunteerv.義務(wù)做；自愿做n.志愿者22.signn.標志；信號23.noticev.通知；通告；注意v.注意到；意識到24.lonelyadj.孤獨的；寂寞的25.severalpron.幾個；數(shù)個；一些26.strongadj.強烈的；強壯的27.joyn.高興；愉快28.journeyn.(尤指長途）旅行；行程29.raisev.募集；征集30.aloneadv.獨自；單獨31.repairv.修理；修補32.fixv.修理；安裝33.lettern.信；函34.blindadj.瞎的；失明的35.deafadj.聾的36.imaginev.想象；設(shè)想37.difficultyn.困難；難題38.openv.開；打開39.carryv.拿；提；扛40.excitedadj.激動的；興奮的41.cleveradj.聰明的；聰穎的42.changev.&n.變化；改變43.interestn.興趣；關(guān)注v.使感興趣；使關(guān)注1.haveacold感冒2.haveastomachache胃痛3.liedown躺下4.takeone'stemperature量體溫5.haveafever

發(fā)燒6.takebreaks/takeabreak休息7.getoff下車8.toone'ssurprise使……驚訝的是；出乎……的意料9.rightaway立即；馬上重點短語10.getinto陷入；參與11.beusedto習(xí)慣于……；適應(yīng)于……12.takerisks/takearisk冒險13.runout(of）用盡；耗盡14.cutoff切除15.getoutof離開；從……出來16.beincontrolof掌管；管理17.giveup放棄18.cleanup打掃(或清除）干凈19.cheerup(使）變得更高興；振奮起來20.giveout分發(fā)；散發(fā)21.comeupwith想出；提出(主意、計劃、回答等）22.putoff推遲23.handout分發(fā)24.callup打電話給(某人）；征召25.usedto曾經(jīng)……；過去……26.carefor照顧；非常喜歡27.tryout參加……選拔；試用28.fixup修理；裝飾29.giveaway贈送；捐贈30.takeafter(外貌或行為）像31.setup建起；設(shè)立32.makeadifference

影響；有作用1.liev.→lay(過去式）躺；平躺→

lain(過去分詞）→

lying(現(xiàn)在分詞）2.hurtv.→hurt(過去式/過去分詞）(使）疼痛；受傷3.hitv.→hit(過去式/過去分詞）擊；打4.shepron.→herself(反身代詞）她自己

詞匯拓展解密中考5.wepron.→ourselves(反身代詞）我們自己6.climbv.→climbern.登山者；攀登者7.knifen.→knivespl.刀8.importancen.→importantadj.重要的9.decidev.→decisionn.決定；抉擇10.diev.→deathn.死；死亡→

dyingadj.垂死的→

deadadj.死的；失去生命的11.strongadj.→stronglyadv.強烈地12.feelv.→feelingn.感覺；感觸13.ownv.→ownern.物主；主人14.satisfyv.→satisfactionn.滿足；滿意→

satisfiedadj.滿足的；滿意的15.breakv.→brokenadj.破損的；殘缺的16.ableadj.→disabled(反義詞）喪失能力的；有殘疾的17.imaginev.→imaginationn.想象；想象力18.difficultyn.→difficultadj.困難的19.excitedadj.→excitingadj.使人興奮的；令人激動的20.trainv.→trainingn.訓(xùn)練；培訓(xùn)21.kindadj.→kindnessn.仁慈；善良22.interestv.&n.→interestingadj.有趣的→

interestedadj.感興趣的1.Butto

his

surprise

，theyallagreed

togowithhim.但令他驚訝的是，他們都同意和他一起去。2.Thanks

toMr.Wangandthepassengers，themanwassavedbythedoctorsintime.多虧了王先生和乘客們，醫(yī)生及時挽救了老人的生命。3.Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekept

onclimbingmountainsevenafterthisexperience.他對登山如此癡迷，以至于在這次(斷臂）經(jīng)歷之后他依然繼續(xù)登山。重點句型4.Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.他們給我講過去的生活經(jīng)歷，講過去是什么樣子的。5.Shecouldreadbyherselfattheageoffour.她在四歲時就能夠獨自看書了。6.Youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekidsandcheer

them

up.你可以請求醫(yī)院讓你去看望孩子們并使他們振作起來。7.YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLucky.有了你的幫助，我才有可能擁有“幸運兒”(狗名）。詢問情況1.—What'sthematterwithBen?/WhathappenedtoBen?本怎么啦？—Hehurthimself.Hehasasoreback.他弄傷自己了。他背疼。2.—Doyouhaveafever?你發(fā)燒嗎？—Yes，Ido./No，Idon't./Idon'tknow.是的。/不，不發(fā)燒。/我不知道。3.—AreyouOK?你還好嗎？—No，Idon'tfeelwell./IhaveaheadacheandIcan'tmovemyneck.不，我感覺不舒服。/我頭痛，脖子動不了。情景交際給出建議4.—Whatshouldshedo?她應(yīng)該做什么？—Sheshouldtakehertemperature.她應(yīng)該量體溫。5.—ShouldIputsomemedicineonit?我應(yīng)該在上面敷點藥嗎？—Yes，youshould./No，youshouldn't.是的，你應(yīng)該。/不，你不應(yīng)該。6.—IthinkyoushouldseeadoctorandgetanX-ray.我認為你該去看醫(yī)生，照X光?！狾K，thanks.I'lldothatnow.好的，謝謝。我現(xiàn)在就去。語法話題1.情態(tài)動詞should，shouldn't，could用于提建議2.反身代詞3.動詞不定式作賓語、目的狀語和賓語補足語4.短語動詞Unit1健康與急救Unit2志愿服務(wù)與慈善

—What'sthematter?你怎么了？—Ihaveastomachache.我胃疼。(Unit1P1）【點撥】What'sthematter?=What'swrong/thetrouble?用來詢問病情或某人遇到什么麻煩、問題。其后跟詢問的對象時，與介詞with連用。答語常為表示身體狀況或者用來表達所處困境的句式。如：—What'swrongwiththeboy?這個男孩怎么了？—Hehasacold.他感冒了。考點一【拓展】

要詢問“某人怎么了？”，常用以下句型：（

）1.(2019·湘西改編)—Hi,Bob.Youdon'tlookwell.What'sthematter______you？—Italkedtoomuchanddidn'thaveanywaterlastnight.Ihaveasorethroatnow.A.inB.ofC.withD.at(）2.—__________，doctor?—Hehasatoothache.A.WhatcanIdoforhimB.CanIhelpyouC.What'swrongwithmysonD.HowdoyoufeelC學(xué)以致用CIthinkyoushouldliedownandrest.我認為你應(yīng)當躺下休息。(Unit1P2）【辨析】lie與lay考點二單詞詞性詞義過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞lie動詞躺；位于laylainlying說謊liedliedlyinglay動詞放置；下蛋l(fā)aidlaidlayinglie名詞謊言Helayonthebeach.他躺在沙灘上。Thecinemaliesinthecenterofthecity.電影院位于市中心。Sheliedtohermother.她對她媽媽撒謊了。Helaidtheeggonthetablecarefully.他小心地把雞蛋放在桌子上。Thecockneverlayseggs.大公雞從不下蛋。巧記口訣規(guī)則是撒謊：lie-lied-lied；不規(guī)則是躺：lie-lay-lain；躺過就下蛋：lay-laid-laid，下蛋不規(guī)則。解釋：lie(撒謊）的過去式和過去分詞是規(guī)則變化，lie(躺）的過去式和過去分詞是不規(guī)則變化，lie(躺）的過去式是lay，lay(下蛋）的過去式和過去分詞是不規(guī)則變化?！緢D解助記】(）1.HongKong________inthesoutheastofChinaandit'sknownas“thePearloftheEast”.A.LiesB.livesC.laysD.lists(）2.Thegirl_______ontheground_______tomethatshehad_______thewalletonthedesk.A.lying；lay；laidB.lying；lied；laidC.lied；lay；lainD.lied；lied；lainAB學(xué)以致用Asamountainclimber，Aronisusedtotakingrisks.作為一名登山者，阿倫習(xí)慣于冒險。(Unit1P6）【辨析】usedtodosth.，be/getusedtodoingsth.，beusedtodosth.，beusedfor(doing）sth.，beusedassth.與beusedbysb.考點三短語含義及用法usedtodosth過去常常做某事(to為不定式符號）be/getusedto(doing）sth.習(xí)慣于……(to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞）短語含義及用法beusedtodosth.(=beusedfordoingsth.）被用來做某事(不定式作目的狀語；for短語表用途）beusedassth.被用作……(as意為“作為”）beusedbysb.被……使用(by后接動作的執(zhí)行者）Heusedtogetupat7o'clock.他過去常常7點起床。They'vegotusedtolivinginthecountryside.他們已習(xí)慣于住在鄉(xiāng)村。Themachineisusedtocutthings.=Themachineisusedforcuttingthings.這臺機器是用來切割東西的。EnglishisusedasaforeignlanguageinChina.在中國，英語被用作一門外語。Smartphonesareusedbymanypeopleallovertheworld.全世界許多人都使用智能手機。學(xué)以致用(）1.Afterdinner，heusedto_____computergames，butnowheisusedto_____.A.play；walkB.playing；walkingC.play；walkingD.playing；walk用適當?shù)慕樵~填空。2.Hewasused________thecoldweatherafterhelivedtherefortwoyears．3.Stonescanbeused________buildinghouses.4.Thebigtablecanbeused________abed.5.Themachinesareused________workers.toCforasbyThen，withhisleftarm，hebandagedhimselfsothathewouldnotlosetoomuchblood.然后他用左臂給自己包扎，這樣不至于失血過多。(Unit1P6）【辨析】so...that...，such...that...與sothat(考點講解詳見P44~P45考點5）考點四Arondidnotgiveupaftertheaccidentandkeepsonclimbingmountainstoday.在遭遇意外后阿倫沒有放棄，并且如今繼續(xù)登山。(Unit1P7）【點撥】giveup意為“放棄”，為“動詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的短語。既可單獨使用，也可接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語(giveupdoingsth.意為“放棄做某事”）；當代詞作賓語時，要將代詞放在give與up之間，名詞作賓語放在中間或后面均可。如：Davidhasdecidedtogiveupfootballattheendofthisyear.戴維已經(jīng)決定今年年底就不再踢足球了?？键c五Althoughmathisverydifficult，don'tgiveitup.雖然數(shù)學(xué)很難，但是不要放棄它。Whydon'tyougiveupsmoking?你為什么不戒煙?【拓展】與give有關(guān)的?？级陶Z：（

）1.(2019·山西改編)Fightingforyourdreamsislikeclimbingamountain.Whateverdifficultiesyoumeet,don't.Justmoveon.A.setoffB.comeoutC.giveupD.takedown2.Iwillnevergiveup________(do)sportsbecauseIhopeIwillbehealthier.Cdoing學(xué)以致用Yeah，alotofoldpeoplearelonely.是的，很多老年人都很孤獨。(Unit2P10）Iwanttotravelalone.我想獨自旅行。(Unit2P12）【辨析】alone與lonely考點六單詞詞性含義及用法例句alone形容詞“獨自；無依無靠”，表示無人陪伴，只陳述一個客觀事實，不帶感情色彩，在句中作表語。Iwastravellingaloneinthelonelyisland.Ididn'tfeellonelythoughIwasalone.我獨自在人跡罕至的島上旅行。雖然孤身一人，但我并不感到寂寞。副詞獨自；單獨”，用在實義動詞后，相當于byoneself，常在句中作方式狀語。單詞詞性含義及用法例句lonely形容詞“孤獨的；寂寞的”，感情色彩濃厚，強調(diào)心靈上的孤獨與寂寞，常在句中作表語。Iwastravellingaloneinthelonelyisland.Ididn'tfeellonelythoughIwasalone.我獨自在人跡罕至的島上旅行。雖然孤身一人，但我并不感到寂寞?！捌У?；人跡罕至的”，常用于修飾表示地點的名詞，只能作定語。1.Theoldmanlives________(獨自）.Sohefeelslonely.Let'sgotovisithim.(）2.Whenyoufeelhelplessand_____，justrememberthatyouarenot______intheworldbecauseyourfriendsarearoundyou.A.alone；aloneB.alone；lonelyC.lonely；aloneD.lonely；lonely(）3.Lisadidtheworkallbyherself.(同義替換）A.TogetherB.alreadyC.aloneD.lonelyalone學(xué)以致用CC語法精講精練情態(tài)動詞用法含義例句can/could表示能力（=beableto）。能、會Tomcanswim.湯姆會游泳。IcouldrideabikewhenIwas6yearsold.當我六歲時，我會騎自行車。（疑問句中）表示建議、請求?？梢訡anyougiveusahand?你可以幫我們一下嗎？表示許可（相當于may）。可以YoucanwatchTVonweekends.你可以在周末看電視。一、常見情態(tài)動詞的用法情態(tài)動詞用法含義例句may/might表示客氣請求might語氣較委婉。否定回答多用mustn't或can't?？梢钥梢浴狹ayIgooutandplayfootball?我可以去外面踢足球嗎？—No,youmustn't.不，你不可以。表示許可。（may）可以Youmaygonow.你現(xiàn)在可以走了。表示祝愿。（may）?！璏ayyoubehappy!祝你快樂！情態(tài)動詞用法含義例句must表示義務(wù)、命令或要求。否定形式mustn't表示“禁止；不準”。必須Youmustcomeearlytomorrow.你明天必須早點來。Youmustn'ttakephotoshere.你不準在這里拍照。need常用于否定句和疑問句中，否定形式needn't表示“不必，無需”。需要Heneedn'tworryaboutit.他不需要擔心它。作實義動詞，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。需要Youdon'tneedtogonow.你不必現(xiàn)在就走。情態(tài)動詞用法含義例句shall/shouldShall...?用于第一人稱，表示建議或請求?！脝?？Shallweasktheteacherforhelp?我們向老師尋求幫助好嗎？should強調(diào)義務(wù)或責任，也可表示建議。應(yīng)該；應(yīng)當Youshouldfinishitbyyourself.你應(yīng)該自己完成它。Youshouldliedownandhavearest.你應(yīng)該躺下休息一會兒。will/would表示征求意見（第二人稱疑問句中），would語氣更委婉。可以……嗎？Will/Wouldyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?你可以把垃圾倒一下嗎？will表示意愿、意志（用于多種人稱）。愿意Yourparentswilltrytheirbesttohelpyou.你的父母愿意盡最大的努力幫助你。情態(tài)動詞用法含義例句haveto表示客觀需求，have要根據(jù)主語形式和時態(tài)變化。不得不Hehastotakeataxibecauseoftherain.由于下雨他不得不乘坐出租車。hadbetter表示勸告、建議，had?？s寫為'd。最好You'dbettergotheretoday.你最好今天去那兒。學(xué)以致用1.Ihavetraveledalot.I________（會）speakfourlanguages.2.You________（不必）takeacartogothere.It'sonlyfiveminutes'walk.3.We________（不應(yīng)當）drinkanddrive.It'sverydangerous.4.Anyhowyou________（必須）finishthisworktoday.5.—________（可以）Iuseyourruler?—Sure.Hereyouare.canneedn'tshouldn'tmustMay/Can句法功能說明例句作主語。常用it作形式主語，真正的主語是后置的不定式。常用句型:Itis+adj.+（for/ofsb.）todosth.Toswimhereisverydangerous.=Itisverydangeroustoswimhere.在這兒游泳很危險。二、動詞不定式1.動詞不定式的形式動詞不定式的基本形式為：to+動詞原形，其否定形式為：notto+動詞原形。（要注意省略to的動詞不定式）2.動詞不定式的用法句法功能說明例句作表語常位于be動詞之后。Myjobistocleanthestreet.我的工作是打掃這條街。作賓語一般只作某些動詞的賓語。IdecidetogoonatriptoBeijing.我決定去北京旅游。作賓語補足語在使役動詞make,let和感官動詞hear,see,watch等后，省略不定式符號to。MymotherallowsmetowatchTVforawhileeverynight.我媽媽允許我每晚看一會兒電視。作定語常放在所修飾詞的后面，作后置定語。Doyouhaveanythingtodo?你有要做的事嗎？作狀語一般在句中作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語和原因狀語。Wegetupearlyeverymorningtocatchtheearlybus.我們每天早上早起是為了趕上早班車。句法功能說明例句與疑問詞（what,how,who,which,when...）連用構(gòu)成不定式短語在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等。Ireallydon'tknowwhattodonext.我真的不知道下一步該怎么辦。

常見的只跟不定式作賓語的動詞決定學(xué)會有希望（decide,learn,wish,hope，expect）,同意計劃莫假裝（agree，plan,pretend）,膽敢拒絕會失?。╠are，refuse，fail），準備設(shè)法來幫忙（prepare,manage,help）,提供請求負擔起（offer，beg，afford），答應(yīng)安排理應(yīng)當（promise,arrange，besupposed），以上后跟不定式，勸君牢記永不忘。學(xué)以致用1.Mybrotheralwaysrefuses________(let)me________(watch)myfavoriteTVshow.2.(2019·大慶)MymotherandIwenttotheairport________(meet)myfatheryesterday.3.(2019·宿遷)Literaturehelpsusthinkandencouragesus________(open)ourminds.4.(2019·甘肅)Wouldyoulikesomething________(drink)?5.(2019·蘭州)Henry'suncleisplanning________(take)atriptoDunhuangnow.toletwatchtomeettoopentodrinktotake語法專練()1.（2019·安徽）Thedesignerhastriedeverypossiblewaytomaketherobotlight,soyou______worryaboutitsweight.A.mustB.mayC.can'tD.needn't()2.（2019·包頭）—______Ihaveawordwithyou,Mr.Green?Itwon'ttakelong.—Okay.A.ShouldB.MayC.NeedD.MustDBA情態(tài)動詞（

）3.(2019·徐州)—Ididn'tseeyouatJim'spartylastweek.—Ihadtoworkthatevening,soI______go.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.couldn'tD.shouldn't()4.（2019·畢節(jié)）—Itakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom?—I'msorryyou______.A.Could;couldn't B.Must;couldn't C.Will;can't D.May;can't()5.（2019·濱州）—Mum,it'stoohot.______Iswiminthelake?—No,you______.That'stoodangerous!A.Should;can't B.Need;mustn't C.Must;needn'tD.Could;mustn'tCDD()6.（2019·撫順）It'sarulethatstudents______bringmobilephonestoourschool.A.mustn't B.wouldn't C.needn't D.couldn't()7.（2019·廣東）Dirtyairandwaterareharmful.They______killplants,andevenpeople.A.can B.can'tC.should D.shouldn't（

）8.(2019·龍東)—Mom,mayIgotothepartywithmyfriendstonight?—Yes，you______.Butyou______bebackby10:00p.m.A.can;mayB.must;havetoC.may;mustD.must;mayAAC()9.（2019·淮安）—Willyoustayherefordinnerwithus?—Sorry,I______.Mymotheriswaitingformeathome.A.mustn't B.can't C.needn't D.couldn't()10.（2019·連云港）Accordingtothenotice,guestsatthishotel______usethesportscenteratnoextracost.A.canB.shouldC.must D.need()11.（2019·大慶）We______paytogetintotheconcert,becauseit'sfree.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.don'tneedtoD.mightnotBAC()12.（2019·青島）Asmiddleschoolstudents,we______followthepublicruleswhereverwego.A.would B.should C.might D.could()13.（2019·蘇州）—Somepeopledon'tshowtheirtalentsattheverybeginning.—Iagree.EvenEinstein______readuntilhewasseven.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.couldn'tD.needn't()14.（2019·武漢）—Trythissoup—you______likeit.—Wow!Thisisdelicious!A.mustB.willC.shallD.canBCB()15.（2019·沈陽）You______alwaysbecarefulwithelectricityforsafety.A.mustB.canC.mustn'tD.can't（

）16.(2019·新疆)David,_______youpleasesweepthefloorandtakeoutthetrash?A.could B.may C.might D.must（

）17.(2019·內(nèi)江)—______Ireturnthebooksthisweek?—No,you______.Youcandothatnextweek.A.Must;can'tB.May;needn'tC.Need;mustn'tD.Must;needn'tAAD()1.(2019·鎮(zhèn)江)Tomysurprise,Daniel'sparentsallowedhim______ShanghaiDisneylandwithme.A.tovisit B.visiting C.visit D.visits（

）2.(2019·徐州)It'simportantforus______goodmanners.A.havingB.have C.tohave D.had()3.（2019·廣東）Youngpeopleareencouragedtoworkhard______theirowndreams.A.achieve B.achieveC.toachieve D.achievedACCB動詞不定式()4.（2019·河南）—Doyoualwaysgetupsoearly?—Yes,______thefirstbus.Myhomeisfarawayfromschool.A.catch B.tocatch C.catching D.caught（

）5.(2019·龍東改編)—Betty,IamnotgoodatEnglish.Couldyouhelpme,please?—Sure.I'lldowhatIcan______youimproveyourEnglish.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpingD.helped()6.（2019·蘇州）—Pleasestaywithmethisweekend.—I'msorry,butmyfatherandIplanned______Beijingalongtimeago.A.VisitB.visitingC