大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試2019年6月真題Part （30Directions：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourcampusnewspaperonavolunteeractivityorganizedbyyourStudentUniontoassistelderlypeopleintheneighborhood.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180wordsPart Listening （25SectionDirections：Inthissection，youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport，youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustl.A）Hesetarecordbyswimmingtoandfromanisland.C）Hevisitedaprisonlocatedonafarawayisland.B）Hecelebratedtheninthbirthdayonasmallisland.D）HeswamaroundanislandnearSanFrancisco.2.A）Hedoubledthe C）HesethimanB）Hecheeredhimonallthe D）HehadtheeventcoveredonQuestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejust3.A）Toendtheone-child C）ToincreaseworkingB）Toencouragelate D）Togivepeoplemoretimeto4.A）Theywillnotbewelcomedbyyoung C）TheywillboostChina'seconomicB）Theywillhelptopopularizeearly D）TheywillnotcomeintoimmediateQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejust5.A）CleaningserviceingreatdemandallovertheB）Twoladiesgivingupwell-paidjobstodocleaning.C）Anewcompanytocleanupthemessafterparties.D）Cleanersgainfullyemployedatnightsandweekends6.A）Ittakesalotoftimeto C）ItmakespartygoersB）Itleavesthehouseina D）Itcreatesnoiseand7.A）HireanAustralian C）SettlealegalB）VisittheUSand D）ExpandtheirSectionDirections：Inthissection，youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation，youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetlwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedonhave8.A）HehadadrivingtookthedriverstheoryB）Hegothisdriver's9.A）Hewasnotwellpassedthedriver'sroadwasnotusedtothetestB）Hedidnotgettotheexamin D）Hedidnotfollowthetest10.A）Theyare C）TheyareB）Theyare D）Theyaretoo11.A）Passhisroadtestthefirst C）FindanexperienceddrivingB）Test-driveafewtimeson D）EarnenoughmoneyfordrivingQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejust12.A）Wherethewoman C）Leeds'tuitionforinternationalB）Theacceptancerateat D）Howtoapplyforstudiesata13.A）ApplytoanAmerican C）PerforminafamousB）Doresearchonhigher D）Pursuepostgraduate14.A）Hisfavorable C）HisacademicB）Hisoutstandingmusical D）Hisunique15.A）Doamaster's C）TravelB）Settledownin D）TeachSectionDirections：Inthissection，youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage，youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetlwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust16.A）Theyhelpfarmerskeepdiseasesin C）OnlyafewspeciescausetroubletoB）Manyspeciesremainunknownto D）Theyliveinincrediblywell-organized17.A）Theyarelargerthanmanyother C）TheycansurvivealongtimewithoutB）Theycancausedamagetopeople's D）Theyliketoformcoloniesinelectrical 18.A）Denythemaccesstoany C）DestroytheircoloniescloseB）Keepdoorsandwindows D）RefrainfromeatingsugaryQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust19.A）ThefunctionofthehumanimmuneThecauseofvariousauto-immuneThevirusesthatmayinfectthehumanimmuneThechangeinpeoplesimmunesystemastheyget20.A）Reporttheir C）ActasresearchB）Offerblood D）Helptointerview21.A）Strengtheningpeople3simmunityto C）Helpingimproveoldpeople'shealthB）Betterunderstandingpatients'immune D）FurtherreducingoldpatientsmedicalQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust22.A）Hisstudentshadtroublegettingonwitheach C）HisstudentswerestrugglingtofollowhisB）Alotofkidsstayedatschooltodotheir D）Agroupofkidswereplayingchessafter23.A）Visitachessteamin C）ParticipateinanationalchessB）Jointheschoolschess D）Receivetrainingforachess24.A）Mostofthemcomefromlow-income C）AcoupleofthemhavegotinvolvedinB）Manyhavebecomenationalchess D）Manybecamechesscoachesafter25.A）Actionsspeaklouderthan C）TranslatetheirwordsintoB）Thinktwicebeforetaking D）TakeactionbeforeitgetstooPart Reading （40SectionDirections：Inthissection，thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.EachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletterPleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.ThecenterofAmericanautomobileinnovationhasinthepastdecademoved2，000milesaway.Ithas26DetroittoSiliconValley，whereself-drivingvehiclesarecomingtoIna27totakeproductionbacktoDetroit，Michiganlawmakershaveintroduced28thatcouldtheirstatethebestplaceinthecountry，ifnottheworld，todevelopself-drivingvehiclesandputthemonthe“Michigan's29inautoresearchanddevelopmentisunderattackfromseveralstatesandcountrieswhichdesireto30ourleadershipintransportation.Wecan'tletthathappen，"saysSenatorMikeKowall，thelead31offourbillsrecentlyintroduced.Ifallfourbillspassaswritten，theywould32|asubstantialupdateofMichigans2013lawthatthetestingofself-drivingvehiclesinlimitedconditions.Manufacturerswouldhavenearlytotalfreedomtotheirself-drivingtechnologyonpublicroads.Theywouldbeallowedtosendgroupsofself-drivingcarsoncross-stateroadtrips，andevensetupon-demand33ofself-drivingcars，liketheoneGeneralMotorsandLiftarebuilding.LawmakersinMichiganclearlywanttomakethestatereadyforthecommercialapplicationofself-drivingtechnology.In34California，homeofSiliconValley，recentlyproposedfarmore35rulesthatwouldrequirehumandriversbereadytotakethewheel，andbancommercialuseofself-drivingtechnology. O）SectionDirections：Inthissection，youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerquestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetHowWorkWillChangeWhenMostofUsLivetoTodayintheUnitedStatesthereare72，000centenarians（百歲老人）.Worldwide，probably450，000.Ifcurrenttrendscontinue，thenby2050therewillbemorethanamillionintheUSalone.AccordingtotheworkofProfessorJamesVaupelandhisco-researchers，50%ofbabiesbornintheUSin2007havealifeexpectancyof104ormore.BroadlythesameholdsfortheUK，Germany，F(xiàn)rance，ItalyandCanada，andJapan50‰of2007babiescanexpecttolivetoUnderstandably，thereareconcernsaboutwhatthismeansforpublicfinancesgiventheassociatedandpensionchallenges.Thesechallengesarereal，andsocietyurgentlyneedstoaddressthem.Butitisalsoimportanttolookatthewiderpictureofwhathappenswhensomanypeoplelivefor100years.Itisamistaketosimplyequatelongevity（長壽）withissuesofoldage.Longerliveshaveimplicationsforalloflife，notjusttheendofit.Ourviewisthatifmanypeoplearelivingforlonger，andarehealthierforlonger，thenthiswillresultininevitableredesignofworkandlife.Whenpeoplelivelonger，theyarenotonlyolderforlonger，but youngerforlonger.Thereissometruthinthesayingthat“70isthenew603or“40thenew303Ifyoumoreslowlyoveralongertimeperiod，thenyouareinsomesenseyoungerforButthechangesgofurtherthanthat.Take，forinstance，theageatwhichpeoplemakecommitmentssuchasbuyingahouse，gettingmarried，havingchildren，orstartingacareer.Theseareallfundamentalcommitmentsthatarenowoccurringlaterinlife.In1962，50‰ofAmericansweremarriedbyage21.By2014，thatmilestone（里程碑）hadshiftedtoage29.Whiletherearenumerousfactorsbehindtheseshifts，onefactorissurelyagrowingrealizationfortheyoungthattheyaregoingtolivelonger.Optionsaremorevaluablethelongertheycanbeheld.Soifyoubelieveyouwilllivelonger，thenoptionsbecomemorevaluable，andearlycommitmentbecomeslessattractive.Theresultisthatthecommitmentsthatpreviouslycharacterizedthebeginningofadulthoodarenowbeingdelayed，andnewpatternsofbehaviorandanewstageoflifeareemergingforthoseintheirtwenties.Longevityalsopushesbacktheageofretirement，andnotonlyforfinancialreasons.Yes，unlesspeoplearepreparedtosavealotmore，ourcalculationssuggestthatifyouarenowinyourmid-40s，thenyouarelikelytoworkuntilyourearly70s；andifyouareinyourearly20s，thereisarealchanceyouwillneedtoworkuntilyourlate70sorpossiblyevenintoyour80s.Butevenifpeopleareabletoeconomicallyaretirementat65，overthirtyyearsofpotentialinactivityisharmfultocognitive（認(rèn)知的）andvitality.ManypeoplemaysimplynotwanttodoAndyetthatdoesnotmeanthatsimplyextendingourcareersisappealing.Justlengtheningthatsecondstageoffull-timeworkmaysecurethefinancialassetsneededfora100-yearlife，butsuchpersistentworkwillinevitablyexhaustpreciousintangibleassetssuchasproductiveskills，vitality，happiness，andfriendship.Thesameistrueforeducation.Itisimpossiblethatasingleshotofeducation，administeredinchildhoodandearlyadulthood，willbeabletosupportasustained，60-yearcareer.Ifyoufactorintheprojectedratesoftechnologicalchange，eitheryourskillswillbecomeunnecessary，oryourindustryoutdated.Thatmeansthateveryonewill，atsomepointintheirlife，havetomakeanumberofmajorreinvestmentsintheirskills.Itseemslikely，then，thatthetraditionalthree-stagelifewillevolveintomultiplestagescontainingtwo，three，orevenmore differentcareers.Eachofthesestagescouldpotentiallybedifferent.Inonethefocuscouldbeonbuildingfinancialsuccessandpersonalachievement，inanotheroncreatingabetterworklifebalance，stillanotheronexploringandunderstandingoptionsmorefully，orbecominganindependentproducer，yetanotheronmakingasocialcontribution.Thesestageswillspansectors，takepeopletodifferentprovideafoundationforbuildingawidevarietyofTransitionsbetweenstagescouldbemarkedwithsabbaticals（休假）aspeoplefindtimetorestandrechargetheirhealth，re-investintheirrelationships，orimprovetheirskills.Attimes，thesebreaksandtransitionswillbeself-determined，atotherstheywillbeforcedasexistingroles，firms，orindustriesceasetoexist.K）Amulti-stagelifewillhaveprofoundchangesnotjustinhowyoumanageyourcareer，butalsoinyourapproachtolife.Anincreasinglyimportantskillwillbeyourabilitytodealwithchangeandevenwelcomeit.Athree-stagelifehasfewtransitions，whileamulti-stagelifehasmany.Thatiswhybeingself-aware，investinginbroadernetworksoffriends，andbeingopentonewideaswillbecomeevenmorecrucialskills.Thesemulti-stageliveswillcreateextraordinaryvarietyacrossgroupsofpeoplesimplybecausetherearemanywaysofsequencingthestages.Morestagesmeanmorepossible Withthisvarietywillcometheendofthecloseassociationofageandstage.Inathree-stagelife，peopleleaveuniversityatthesametimeandthesameage，theytendtostarttheircareersandfamilyatthesameage，theyproceedthroughmiddlemanagementallroughlythesametime，andthenmoveintoretirementwithinafewyearsofeachother.Inamulti-stagelife，youcouldbeanundergraduateat20，40，or60；amanagerat30，50，or70；andbecomeanindependentproduceratanyage.Currentlifestructures，careerpaths，educationalchoices，andsocialnormsareoutoftunewiththeemergingrealityoflongerlifespans.Thethree-stagelifeoffull-timeeducation，followedbycontinuouswork，andthencompleteretirementmayhaveworkedforourparentsorevengrandparents，butitisnotrelevanttoday.Webelievethattofocusonlongevityasprimarilyanissueofagingistomissitsfullimplieations.Longevityisnotnecessarilybeingolderforlonger.Itisaboutlivinglonger，beingolderlater，andbeingyoungerAnextendedlifespaninthefuturewillallowpeopletohavemorecareersthanJustextendingone'scareermayhavebothpositiveandnegativeNowadays，manyAmericanshaveonaveragedelayedtheirmarriagebysomeeightBecauseoftheirlongerlifespan，youngpeopletodaynolongerfollowthepatternoflifeoftheirparentsManymorepeoplewillbeexpectedtoliveover100bythemid-21stAlongerlifewillcauseradicalchangesinpeople'sapproachtoFasttechnologicalchangemakesitnecessaryforonetoconstantlyupgradetheirManypeoplemaynotwanttoretireearlybecauseitwoulddoharmtotheirmentalandemotionalwell-Thecloselinkbetweenageandstagemayceasetoexistinamulti-stagePeoplelivingalongerandhealthierlifewillhavetorearrangetheirworkandSectionDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA），B）.C）andDj.YoushoulddecideonthechoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthePassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingIntheclassicmarriagevow（誓約），couplespromisetostaytogetherinsicknessandinhealth.Butanewstudyfindsthattheriskofdivorceamongoldercouplesriseswhenthewife-notthehusband-becomesseriouslyill.“Marriedwomendiagnosedwithaserioushealthconditionmayfindthemselvesstrugglingwiththeoftheirdiseasewhilealsoexperiencingthestressofdivorce，"saidresearcherAmeliaKarrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamanalyzed20yearsofdataon2，717marriagesfromastudyconductedbyIndianaUniversitysince1992.Atthetimeofthefirstinterview，atleastoneofthepartnerswasovertheageof50.Theresearchersexaminedhowtheonset（發(fā)生）offourseriousphysicalillnessesaffectedfoundthat，overall，31‰ofmarriagesendedindivorceovertheperiodstudied.Theincidenceofnew（慢性的）illnessonsetincreasedovertimeaswell，withmorehusbandsthanwivesdevelopingserious“Wefoundthatwomenaredoublyvulnerabletomaritalbreak-upinthefaceofillness，"Karrakersaid.They'remorelikelytobewidowed，andiftheyretheoneswhobecomeill，they3remorelikelytogetdivorced."Whilethestudydidn'tassesswhydivorceismorelikelywhenwivesbutnothusbandsbecomeseriouslyill，Karrakeroffersafewpossiblereasons.Gendernormsandsocialexpectationsaboutcaregivingmaymakeitmoredifficultformentoprovidecaretosickspouses，"Karrakersaid.“Andbecauseoftheimbalanceinmarriagemarkets，especiallyinolderages，divorcedmenhavemorechoicesamongpartnersthandivorcedGiventheincreasingconcernabouthealthcarecostsfortheagingpopulation，KarrakerpolicymakersshouldbeawareoftherelationshipbetweendiseaseandriskofOfferingsupportservicestospousescaringfortheirotherhalvesmayreducemaritalstressandpreventdivorceatolderages，"shesaid.Butit'salsoimportanttorecognizethatthepressuretodivorcemaybehealth-relatedandthatsickex-wivesmayneedadditionalcareandservicestopreventworseninghealthandincreasedhealthcosts.*WhatcanwelearnaboutmarriagevowsfromtheTheymaynotguaranteealasting C）TheyarenottakenseriouslyanyTheyareasbindingastheyusedto D）TheymayhelpcouplestideoverhardWhatdidKarrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamfindaboutelderlyTheyaregenerallynotgoodattakingcareofthemselves.B）Theycanbecomeincreasinglyvulnerabletoseriousillnesses.C）Theycandevelopdifferentkindsofillnessesjustliketheirwives.D）TheyaremorelikelytocontractseriousillnessesthantheirWhatdoesKarrakersayaboutwomenwhofallTheyaremorelikelytobe C）TheyarelesslikelytoreceivegoodTheyaremorelikelytoget D）TheyarelesslikelytobothertheirWhyisitmoredifficultformentotakecareoftheirsickspousesaccordingtoTheyaremoreaccustomedtoreceivingTheyfinditmoreimportanttomakemoneyforthefamily.C）Theythinkitmoreurgenttofulfilltheirsocialobligations.D）Theyexpectsocietytodomoreofthejob.WhatdoesKarrakerthinkisalsoReducingmaritalstresson C）ProvidingextracarefordivorcedStabilizingold D）Makingmenpayfortheirwives'healthPassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingIfyouwerelikemostchildren，youprobablygotupsetwhenyourmothercalledyoubyasiblings（妹的）name.Howcouldshenotknowyou？DiditmeanshelovedyouProbablynot.Accordingtothefirstresearchtotacklethistopichead-on，misnamingthemostfamiliarpeopleinourlifeisacommoncognitive（認(rèn)知的）errorthathastodowithhowourmemoriesclassifyandstorefamiliarnames.Thestudy，publishedonlineinAprilinthejournalMemoryandCognition，foundthatthe“wrong"nameisnotrandombutisinvariablyfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond：children，siblings，friends.Thestudydidnotexaminethepossibilityofdeeppsychologicalsignificancetothemistake，sayspsychologistDavidRubin，“butitdoestelluswho`sinandwhosoutofthegroup."Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup，misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialorsounds，likeJimmyandJoanie