動詞的語氣——虛擬語氣(TheSubjunctive陳述語氣:Wearenotready.我們沒準(zhǔn)備好。Whatafinedayitis!多好的天氣啊祈使語氣:表示說話人的建議、請求、邀請、命令等。如Openthedoorplease虛擬語氣:表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實，而是說話人的愿望、假設(shè)或推測等。如:IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.如果我是你，我就了。Mayyousucceed!祝您成功！件句。在這種真實條件句中的謂語用陳述語氣。如Ifitdoesn’traintomorrowwewillgotothepark.如果:Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.如果他昨天見到你，他會問你這件事的。(事實上他昨與現(xiàn)在事實相反:從句:動詞的過去式（be的過去式一般用主句:wouldshouldcouldmight+動詞與過去事實相反:從句:had+過去分詞:wouldshouldcouldmighthave+過去分詞與將來事實相反:從句:動詞過去式，should+動詞，主句:wereto+動詞would/should/could/might+動詞注:主句中的should只用于I、we，但在英語中，should常被would代替；從句中的should可用于l、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如:Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.要是我哥哥在這兒，一切都沒問題了。2、表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如:Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice，youwouldn't(couldn’t)havefailedintheexam.如果你按照我的建議去做，你一定不會(不可能)考試不及格。3、表示與將來事實可能相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如:IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Ishould(would，could，mightgotoseemygrandmother.(可能)去看望我奶奶。Ifitweretosnowthisevening,theywouldnotgoout.如果今晚下雪，他們將不出去了。式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。例如Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctoryouwouldbeallrightnow.如(l)省略連詞if。在語中，如果虛擬條件從句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把這幾個詞放到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。例如ShouldhecomeIfheshouldcome),lhimtoringmeup.他要是來了，讓他給我打個。WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你，就不做這事。示。如:Withoutair(Iftherewerenotair),therewouldbenolivingthings.如果沒有空氣的話，就不會有生物了。ButforyourhelpIfithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)Icouldn’thavedoneit.要是沒有你的幫助，我假設(shè)的情況有時可以通過上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來。如Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(IfIhadn’tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)我那天很忙，否則，我就和他們一起去那兒了。(如果我那天不忙的話，我就……)；Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenillIfIhadn’tbeenillIwouldhavefinishedthework.)我本來該完成這項工作的，但我生病了。省去條件從句。如:Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto")(事實是:你自己沒洗衣服，因為你不想洗。)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母與我在一起多好啊!(事實是:祖母已不在世。)；Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她沒走就好了!(事實是:她已經(jīng)走了。)所引導(dǎo)的主語從句中的謂語動詞常用“should+動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某事是"重要"、"奇怪"、"自然"、"必要"等意義。如:Itisimportantthateverymembershould)informhimselfoftheserules.重要的是每個成員在動詞wish后的賓語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實相反，或?qū)淼脑竿?，從句通常省略連詞that1)表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:從句動詞用過去式或過去進行式(be動詞一般用were)。如IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.我希望知道這個問題的答案。(可惜不知道)；2）表示對過去情況的虛擬:從句動詞常用"had+過去分詞"。如IwishwishedIhadn’tspentsomuchmoney.我后悔不該花那么多錢。(實際上已經(jīng)花掉)；3)表示對將來的愿望:謂語動詞形式為"would+動詞"。此時要注意，主句的主語與名詞除外)。如Iwishitwouldstopraining.但愿雨能停止；Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.但愿你立刻來。謂語動詞用“should+動詞”，表示建議、要求、命令等。如:Idemandthathe(should)answermeimmediay.我要求他立刻答復(fù)我。在帶有evenif/eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動詞形式與含有非真實條件句的虛擬語氣相同。如:Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.即使生了病，他都去。由asif或asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時。從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用“had+過去分詞”。如HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.在inorderthatsothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，謂語動詞多用“could或might（should）+動詞”。如:Mrgreenspokeslowlysothathisstudentscould(might)hearclearly.先生說得很慢，示將來，動詞形式一般用過去式，意思是"該干某事的時候了"如:It’s(high)timewedidour .我話中。如:Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.你最好別太晚睡覺。在一些習(xí)慣表達中。如:Iwouldrathernotlyou.我寧愿不告訴你happy!祝你快樂！Maygoodluckbeyours.祝你順利。IfI wherehelived,I anotetoknew, B.hadknown,wouldhaveC.know,would D.knew,wouldhaveIfthey earlierthanexpected,they herehadstarted,would B.started,mightC.hadstarted,wouldhavebeenD.willstart,mighthaveIdidn’tknowhisephonenumber. it,I HadIknown,wouldringhimupB.ShouldIknow,wouldhaverunghimC.IfIknew;wouldringhimupD.HadIknown;wouldhaverunghimMaryisilltoday.Ifshe ,she absentfromwerenotill;wouldn't B.hadbeenill;wouldn'thaveC.hadbeenill;shouldhavebeenD.hadn'tbeenill;couldWereItodoit,I itsomeotherA.will B.woulddoC.wouldhavedoneD.weretoI himtheanswer possible,butIwassobusycouldl;ifithad B.musthavetold;wereC.shouldhavetold;haditbeenD.shouldhavetold;shoulditWithoutyourhelp, sowon't B.didn'tC.don't D.wouldn'thaveYoudidn'ttakehisadvice. hisadvice,you suchaHadyoutaken;wouldn'thavemadeB.Ifyouhadtaken;wouldC.Wereyoulotake;shouldnthavemadeD.Haveyoutaken;wonthaveWewish whatyoudidwhenwewereathighA.didB.couldhavedoneC.havedoneD.shouldShewishes tothetheatrelastA.wentB.wouldgoC.hadgoneD.wereTomisveryshortnow.Hismotherwishesthathe betallwhenhegrowsA. 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