?第20講完形填空記敘文〔講義〕【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】熟識(shí)語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)，依據(jù)局內(nèi)層次、句組層次和語(yǔ)篇層次答題。把握答題技巧，明確答題步驟把握詞匯根本用法通過(guò)真題和美文滲透文化意識(shí)、語(yǔ)言意識(shí)和思維品質(zhì)【考情分析】新高考完形填空以記敘文為主，主題語(yǔ)境包括人與自我，人與社會(huì)，人與自然。新高考側(cè)重考查在詳細(xì)語(yǔ)境中運(yùn)用詞匯學(xué)問(wèn)的力量，降低了對(duì)單詞本身用法的考查，文中沒(méi)有生僻字，長(zhǎng)句不多，少量數(shù)詞生義和一詞多義的考查。選材內(nèi)容源于真實(shí)生活，以人物思想和行為為中心，表達(dá)理性思維，人文情懷、參加社會(huì)的人文素養(yǎng)等正能量。；以時(shí)間或空間的變化為線(xiàn)索，按大事的發(fā)生、開(kāi)展和結(jié)束來(lái)綻開(kāi)表達(dá)；時(shí)態(tài)上多以一般過(guò)去時(shí)為主，其他時(shí)態(tài)為輔；年份卷別動(dòng)詞〔短語(yǔ)〕形容詞名詞副詞介詞短語(yǔ)2023新高考I卷535112023新高考II卷74312022新高考I卷535112022新高考II卷4472021新高考I卷924002021新高考II卷627【網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建】完形填空記敘文概述命題規(guī)律：考點(diǎn)：以實(shí)詞為主，側(cè)重對(duì)動(dòng)詞〔短語(yǔ)〕、名詞和形容詞的考查。重點(diǎn)在上下文語(yǔ)境理解上，詞匯運(yùn)用次之。每題給出的單詞多為同一類(lèi)詞。所設(shè)的選項(xiàng)更具有干擾性，更加強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)語(yǔ)境的考查。核心考點(diǎn)：規(guī)律推理，把考查的重點(diǎn)放在理解全文、通篇考慮、把握大意、留意關(guān)聯(lián)等方面。題型和考查角度：1.句內(nèi)層次題：解題信息分布在本句內(nèi)部，瞻前顧后，左顧右盼，邊讀邊填。2.句組層次題：解題信息分布在設(shè)空處前后的一組句子中，瞻前顧后查找示意。3.語(yǔ)篇層次題：解題信息分布在語(yǔ)篇的某一處甚至全篇，需要綜合推斷。解題策略：1.速度全文知主旨：依據(jù)首句給出的提示，快速通讀全文，借助文中的關(guān)鍵詞，簡(jiǎn)要了解文章大意，，理清脈絡(luò)，把握中心。寫(xiě)作要素都緊緊圍繞這一中心進(jìn)行。抓住中心主旨大意有助于明確做題方向，提高針對(duì)性。2.先易后難加連貫：記敘文的最終目的是借助敘事來(lái)說(shuō)明一個(gè)道理，給人以啟迪或教益。因此，在閱讀時(shí)依據(jù)題型特點(diǎn)解答出較簡(jiǎn)單的題后，應(yīng)當(dāng)結(jié)合上下文，分析詳細(xì)情節(jié)，認(rèn)真體會(huì)文字背后的東西，才能洞悉作者的態(tài)度和觀(guān)點(diǎn)，推斷出更難一些的態(tài)度推斷題。3.復(fù)讀全文驗(yàn)答案：填空全部完成后，將選項(xiàng)代入原文，通讀一遍，看讀文是否流暢、語(yǔ)意是否連貫，對(duì)感到很不通順的地方，可以從語(yǔ)法、詞文、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配、背景學(xué)問(wèn)等方面進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證和確定答案。完形填空的解題技能要求較高，考試應(yīng)當(dāng)具有較強(qiáng)的聚合思維并保持留意力高度集中。在詳細(xì)的解題中，還需把握以下解題方法：學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)一利用詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題復(fù)現(xiàn)是一種語(yǔ)義連接手段,它通過(guò)原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等重復(fù)消失來(lái)表達(dá)某一概念,使整篇文章上下連貫,有機(jī)地連接在一起因此,考但是這些詞可能隱蔽得比擬深。上下文之間可能相互示意答案，但有時(shí)上下文相隔較遠(yuǎn)，因此要留意查找。原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)【真題典例】〔2023年新高考I卷〕OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerspetedinacrosscountryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave_21.finishedthecourseearlierthanshedid.Her_22.delay_camebecauseshewascarryinga__23petitor__acrossthefinishline.Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwothirdsofthewaythroughher__24__whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.A.raceB.schoolC.townD.training同義復(fù)現(xiàn)【真題典例】〔2022年新高考II卷〕It’snotallsightseeing.Thetwotravelerscarefully___27___theirtrips,schedulingtheirdaysaroundthepetsthataresometimesdifficultto_____.27．A．planB．explainC．pareD．plete反義復(fù)現(xiàn)【真題典例】〔2021年新高考I卷〕Ourinthefactoryweresimple:Placecakesonamovingbelt.Attachicing(糖霜)ears.Applyicingeyesandnose.49.Removebunnyfromthebelt.Thiswas_50_thanitsounds.51.Slowdownabitandthecakespileup.AsItoldmyparentsatdinnerthatfirstnight,itwasallalittlemorehighpressurethanI'd52.expected.50.A.harderB.betterC.longerD.cheaper代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)【真題典例】〔2023年新高考I卷〕“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn’t____33____her,〞Baileytoldthereporter.“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing.〞33.A.leaveB.cureC.botherD.understand學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)二利用情感態(tài)度解題在快速閱讀文章的過(guò)程中，認(rèn)真找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感情顏色的重要詞匯,它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。這些詞匯通常是解題時(shí)重要的參照線(xiàn)索,可以關(guān)心考生快速確定某些題目的正確答案?！菊骖}典例】〔2021年浙江卷1月〕Myjobwastoastairwayoutofrock.This46.meantclimbingupanddownthesideofamountaininhabited(棲息)bymountainlions,althoughIshouldsaytheywereonlyheard,never.Threedayslater,abeautifulstairwaycameintobeing.The48ofknowingthatmy49.workwillbeonthatmountainsideforyearstoeismassive.A.satisfactionB.ambitionC.expectationD.intention學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)三利用規(guī)律關(guān)系解題在句組層次題中,利用規(guī)律關(guān)系解題同樣是一種重要的方法.【真題典例】〔2021年天津卷〕Inadditiontolskills,Pruitt'slessonsteachteamwork,encourageselfworth,andpromotefeelingsofmunity.32,thekidshavegainedasenseofacplishment.32.A.OtherwiseB.HoweverC.SomehowD.Meanwhile學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)四利用語(yǔ)境示意解題在句組層次題中,利用規(guī)律關(guān)系解題同樣是一種重要的方法?！菊骖}典例】〔2023年新高考I卷〕OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerspetedinacrosscountryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave21.finishedthecourseearlierthanshedid.Her____22____camebecauseshewascarryinga23petitioracrossthefinishline.22.A.delayB.chanceC.troubleD.excuse學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)五利用習(xí)慣搭配解題完形填空中常常會(huì)考查一些習(xí)慣搭配或固定結(jié)構(gòu)，此類(lèi)試題相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，平常留意積累總結(jié)是關(guān)鍵?！菊骖}典例】(2020年全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Hisson,age15,whohad49anartappreciationclass,thoughtthattherewassomethingabouttheonewithayounggirlsittingonagardenchair.A．missedB．failedC．takenD．led考向一動(dòng)詞詞義辨析〔江蘇省南京師范高校蘇州試驗(yàn)學(xué)?！砏henitwastimeforustoridethebus,Nora,oneofmyfriends,didn’t____42____Ifelt_43._mad_Whywouldshetellmeshe’detothepartyandthen_44.backout_withoutlettingmeknow?42．A．takeoverB．showoffC．turnupD．setout考向二名詞詞義辨析〔江蘇省南京師范高校蘇州試驗(yàn)學(xué)?！砈o,IdecidedtocallNoraandgetsome____40____,IneedednoapologiesbutIdemandedtoknowwhy.40．A．a(chǎn)nswersB．fortC．expectationsD．pany考向三形容詞詞義辨析〔2023年福建莆田一中模擬測(cè)試〕Isaidtomyassistant.The____42____colleaguecontactedmywife,Beth,andshedrovemestraighttohospital.42．A．curiousB．reservedC．casualD．concerned考向四副詞詞義辨析〔2023年廣東省4地區(qū)高三聯(lián)考〕Johnny___45___walkedintothehutandsankontothemuddybrownsofa.“Areyouokay,dear?〞Hisgrandmaasked.45．A．unhappilyB．unbelievablyC．unexpectedlyD．unconsciously考向五介詞詞義辨析〔2023年江蘇省南京外國(guó)語(yǔ)中學(xué)高三測(cè)試〕Mytravelshavetakenme___42___Asia,butIhavefoundnobetterplacethanBangkokwhenitestostreetfood.42．A．throughB．throughoutC．intoD．to1.〔2023年新高考I卷〕Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith____26____.26.A.courageB.aidC.patienceD.advice(2021年天津高考3月)Inadditiontoskills,Pruitt'slessonsteachteamwork,encourageself－worth,andpromotefeelingsofmunity.32，thekidshavegainedasenseofacplishment.A．Otherwise