Thedemandforfreshwaterrisescontinuouslyastheworld’spopulationgrows.From1940to1990,withdrawaloffleshwaterfromrivers,lakes,reservoirs,andothersourceshasincreasedfourfold1.Ofthewaterconsumedeachyea,69percentisusedforagriculture,23percentforindustry,and8percentfordomesticuses.Sewage,industrialwastes,andagriculturalchemicalssuchasfertilizersandpesticidesarethemaincausesofwaterpollutionIn1995,theUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)2reportedthatabout37percentofthecountry’slakesandestuaries,and36percentofitsrivers,areionpollutedforbasicusessuchasfishingorswimming,duringallorpartoftheyear.Indevelonations,over95percentofurbansewageisdischargeduntreated3intoriversandbays,creatingamajorhumanhealthhazard.Waterrunoffcarriesfertilizingchemicalssuchasphosphatesandnitratesfromagriculturalfieldsandyardsintolakes,streams,andrivers.Thesecombinewiththephosphatesandnitratesfromsewagetospeedthegrowthofalgae,atypeofaquaticnt.Thewaterbodymaythenechokedwithdecayingalgae4,whichseverelydepletestheoxygensupply.Thisprocesscancausethedeathoffishandotheraquaticlife.Runoffalsocarriestoxicpesticidesandurbanandindustrialwastesintolakesandstreams.Erosion,thewearingawayoftopsoilbywindandrain,alsocontributestowaterpollution5.Soilandsiltwashedfromloggedhillsides,plowedfields,orconstructionsites,canclogwaterwaysandkillaquaticvegetation.Evensmallamountsofsiltcaneliminatedesirablefishspecies.6Forexample,whenloggingremovestheprotectiventcoverfromhillsides,rainmaywashsoilandsiltintostreams,coveringthegravelbedsthattroutorsalmonuseforspawning.Themarinefisheriessupportedbyoceanecosystemsareanessentialsourceofprotein,particularlyforpeopleindevelocountries;approximay950millionpeopleworldwideconsumefishastheirprimarysourceofprotein.Yetpollutionincoastalbays,estuaries,andwetlandsthreatensfishstocksalreadydepletedbyoverfishing.In1989,260,000barrelsofoilwasspilledfromtheoilExxonValdezintoAlaska’sPrinceWilliamSound,apristineandrichfishingground.In1992therewere8,790reportedspillsinandaroundUSwaters7,involving5.7millionliters(1.5milliongallons)ofoil.sewage/'su??d?/n.污水，污物erosion?'r????n/n.腐蝕，侵蝕fertilizerf??t?la?z?/n.肥料（特指化學(xué)肥料）silt/s?lt/n.游泥pesticide/'pest?sa?d/n.殺蟲劑，logged/'l?ɡd/adj.被砍伐的estuary/'estj??r?n.河口灣，三角灣，港灣clog/kl?g/n.阻塞，填滿bay/be?n.vegetationved??'te???nn.植被，植物fertilize/'f??t?la?z/vt.使肥沃，施肥于loggingl?g??/n.runoff/'r?n?fn.（地表）徑流（量）gravel/'gr?v?l/n.礫石phosphate/'f?sfe?t/n.磷酸鹽trout/tra?t/n.鱒魚nitrate/'na?tre?t/n.硝酸鹽salmon/'s?m?n/n.大馬哈魚alga/'?lg?/n.水藻（algae）spawn/sp??n/vt.（魚等）產(chǎn)卵ecosystem/'i?k??s?st?m/n.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)aquatic/?'kw?t?k/adj.水生的，水產(chǎn)的toxic/'t?ks?k/adj.的，性的marine/m?'ri?n/adj.海的，海上的pristinepr?sti?n;sta?nadj.未奪破壞的deplete/d?'pli?t/vt.耗盡，使空虛 fromrivers, lakes,reservoirs, increasedfourfold.……從江河、湖泊、水庫和其他氷源中減少的淡水量翻了四番。3．...over95percentofurbansewageisdischargeduntreated...：……95%的城市污水未（進(jìn)）……untreatedover95percentofurbansewage。Thewaterbodymaythen echokedwithdecayingalgae...：水域于是就有可能被漸漸腐爛的水藻所充塞……這里，e是系動(dòng)詞，過去分詞choked作表語。Erosionthewearingawayoftopsoilbywindaridrainalsocontributestowaterpollution.侵contributeto...：對……起作用。Evensmallamountsofsiltcaneliminatedesirablefishspecies.甚至少量的游泥也可使一些寶貴的魚類滅種。In1992therewere8,790reportedspillsinandaroundUSwaters...：1992年拫道過在的水域內(nèi)以及水域周邊有8,790起石油泄漏……Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofyearlywaterMostwaterisusedforhomeMostwaterisusedforCitiesusemorewaterthanruralAmericauses8percentoftheworldwaterParagraph2suggestsallofthefollowingEXCEPTthatfishmaydiebecauseriversmaycontainindustrialitmaybedangeroustoswiminariverbecausethewatermaycontainEPAisresponsibleforcausingseriouswaterpollutioninwaterpollutionisratherseriousinWaterrunoffcausesfishtodiepartly theyarerushedintoagriculturalfieldsandtheyarechokedbythewaterthepoisonousalgaehavekilledthefast-growingalgaehaveuseduptheoxygeninthewaterwheretheyAnimportantideaofparagraph4is cuttingdowntoomanytreesmayalsocausewaterwaterpollutioniscausedbywindandraintherearenolongerdesirablefishinthetroutandsalmonusuallyspawninThemainsubjectofthelastparagraph FishasaSourceofTheIncr