新牛津譯林版高中英語選修一

Unit1OurLivingPlanet

ExtendedReadingBeforereadingWatchandsayWhat'sthevideoabout?ItisaboutajourneytothecenteroftheEarth.Itisadaptedfromaclassicsciencefictionnovelwritten

byJulesVerne,publishedin1864.ThestoryinvolvesaGermanprofessorwhobelievestherearevolcanictubesgoingtowardsthecentreoftheEarth.He,hisnephewandtheirguidegodownintoanIcelandicvolcano,

encounteringmanyadventures,includingprehistoriccreaturesandnaturalhazards.Twomonthsaftertheyentertheundergroundworld,theyarecarriedupwardsbyavolcaniceruptiontothesurfaceofanisland,offthecoastofItaly.MostofhisideasinthenovelaboutwhattheinsideoftheEarthcontainshavesincebeendisproved,butitstillmanagestoenchantthereader.WhatdoyouknowabouttheinsideoftheEarth?WhatistheinsideoftheEarthmadeupof?AndWhatarethefeaturesofeachpart?TheEarthiscomposedofthreelayers:thecrust,mantleandcore.Crust(地殼)Mantle(地幔)Innercore(內(nèi)核）Outercore(外核)Core(地核)athinlayerofrockontheEarth'ssurfacehot,slow-movingrockbelowthecrustandsurroundingthecoreextremelyhot,liquidironmixedwithothercomponents,coveringasolidcentre,whichistheinnermostpartoftheEarthNowlet'sreadthearticleandcomicstripfromasciencemagazineabouttheinsideoftheEarthtolearnmoredetails.Readandfinishthetasksasquicklyaspossible.WhilereadingLookthroughthearticlequicklyandcompletethefollowingtableaboutitsoutline.ReadforstructureInsidetheEarthPara.1:IntroductiontothetopicofstudyingtheinsideoftheEarthPara.2:The__________ofstudyingtheinsideoftheEarthPara.3:Theother__________ofstudyingtheinsideoftheEarthPara.4:The_______________________ofstudyingtheinsideoftheEarthchallengesbenefitsimportance/significanceReadParas.1&2andanswerthefollowingquestion.Readfordetails1.HowdoscientistsknowsomuchabouttheEarth'smake-up?2.WhatchallengesmayscientistsfacewhenexploringtheinsideoftheEarth?Possibleanswer:ScientistsknowsomuchabouttheEarth'smake-upbyanalysingearthquakewavesanddrillingverydeepholes.1.HowdoscientistsknowsomuchabouttheEarth'smake-up?2.WhatchallengesmayscientistsfacewhenexploringtheinsideoftheEarth?ReadPara.3andfillinthetablebelow.excitingpossibilitiesforlifeabovegroundhelpsolvethestorageproblemofhydrogencastlightontheoriginofliferelyingonenergyfromcertainrocksPossibleanswer:Writeasummaryofthesciencemagazinearticle.Usethefollowingideastohelpyou.?TheEarth'sinternalstructure?WaystolearnabouttheinsideoftheEarth?ChallengesofstudyingtheinsideoftheEarth?BenefitsofthestudyP12APossibleanswer:TheinternalstructureoftheEarthismadeupofthecrust,mantleandcore.ScientistslearnwhattheinsideoftheEarthislikebyanalysingearthquakewaves.TheyarealsotryingtodrillverydeepholesintotheEarthtodiscovermore

information.However,thisischallengingduetotheEarth'sintensepressureand

heat,aswellasthedifficultyinchoosingtherightplacetodrill.StudyingtheinsideoftheEarthhasvariousadvantages.Itnotonlyenablesusto

gainabetterunderstandingofthegeologyoftheEarth,butalsoopensupmany

possibilitiesforlifeaboveground.Forexample,bylookingdeepdownbeneath

theEarth,scientistsmaylearnhowtostorehydrogensafely.Theymayalsogain

newinsightsintotheoriginoflife,whichmighthelpanswerquestionswhetherlife

couldbefoundonMars.Readthecomicstriponpage12andfillinthefollowingtables.Possibleanswer:4metresThedeepestknowntreerootsThedeepestundergroundlaboratoryAttheplacewherediamondswereformedInthelowermantleAtthecentreoftheEarth123430,000metres750,000metres2.9millionmetres6millionmetresPressure◆Itislike131elephantsformingatowerontheirheadandtheygeta

headache.◆Itseems3,280elephantsstandingontheirhead.◆Itseemsthereareabout17,000elephantsbalancedontheirhead.◆Itseemsover47,000elephantsontheirhead.ReadthecomicstripagainanddescribethechangesinpressureasBucketandSpadedigdowntothecentreoftheEarth.Discussion1.WhydoestheauthorpresentthedepthsoftheEarthintheformofacomicstrip?Whateffectdoesithaveonthereader?2.DoyouthinkitiswiseforscientiststodrillaholethroughtheEarth'scrustandintothemantle?Whyorwhynot?P12B-CPossibleanswer:1.Theauthortriestovisualizetheinformationbyusingacomicstrip,whichmakesiteasierforthereadertounderstandwhattheEarthislikefromthesurfacetothecentre.Thecharactersinthecomicstrip,twomoles,aregivenhumancharacteristicsandmakeamusingcomments.Thisaddsahumoroustouchtothetextandimmediatelyattractsthereader'sattention.2.Yes,Ithinkitisagoodideabecauseunderstandingwhatliesbeneathourfeetcouldhelpussolvemanyissuesaboveground.Forexample,earthquakesandvolcanoesoftenspellenormousdisastersforus.IfscientistsareabletolearnmoreaboutwhattheinsideoftheEarthislikeandbetterunderstandhowthesenaturaleventsoccur,theirdiscoveriescouldassistinbetterpredictionmethodsandwarningsystems.LanguagePointswalkonthepavementcracktheEarthopeninternalstructurebebasedonanalyseearthquakewavestheEarth’smake-updrilldeepholesreachthemantle走在人行道上把地球敲開內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)以...為依據(jù)分析地震波地球的組成鉆很深的洞到達(dá)地幔asyettheintensepressurecloseupwithinafewyearsthegeologyoftheEarththestorageproblemofhydrogenpavethewayforcastlighton至今，直到現(xiàn)在巨大的壓力堵上；（使）變狹窄在幾年內(nèi)地球的地質(zhì)氫的儲(chǔ)存問題為...鋪平道路使(問題等)容易理解depend/relyongoldminetakeawalkexcitingandenlighteningdiscoveriesathinlayerofrocktheinnermostpartoftheEarthjourneytothecentreoftheEarth依靠，依賴金礦散步激動(dòng)人心和啟發(fā)性的發(fā)現(xiàn)一層薄薄的巖石地球最深處的部分地心之旅digintothegroundleavebehindwildfigtreethedeepestundergroundlaboratorytheboundarybetweentheEarth’scrustandthemantlebeabouttodobalanceonourhead鑿進(jìn)地面超過；留下，遺留野生無花果樹最深的地下實(shí)驗(yàn)室地殼和地幔的分界處即將...穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地站在我們的頭上1.TofindoutmoreabouttheEarth’smake-up,scientistshavedrilledverydeepholesbutnonehavereachedthemantleasyet.

asyet

①

Asyet,theyhavenosolidevidence.

他們至今沒有任何可靠的證據(jù)。②Ihaven'treadmuchintoitasyet.I'veonlyjustscannedthroughit.

我還沒有細(xì)細(xì)研讀，只是粗略地翻看了一下。untilthismoment直到現(xiàn)在(用于疑問句和否定句)為了更多地了解地球的構(gòu)成，科學(xué)家們鉆了非常深的洞，但到目前為止，還沒有人到達(dá)地幔。2.TheintensepressureandheatinsidetheEarthcancloseupadeepholeorbreakadrill.closeup

①Everytimehetriedtospeak,histhroatclosedupwithfear.

每當(dāng)他試圖講話時(shí)，他都害怕得喉嚨發(fā)緊說不出話來。②Don'tusecoldwaterasitshocksthebloodvessels(血管)intoclosingup.

不要用冷水，那樣會(huì)刺激血管變窄。

地球內(nèi)部的巨大壓力和熱量可以使深孔變窄或破壞鉆頭。tobecomenarrowerandlessopen（使）變狹窄2.Thismayhelpsolvethestorageproblemofhydrogenandpavethewayforcarstorunonhydrogenfuel.pavetheway(forsb./sth.)

①Thisdecisionpavedthewayforchangesinemploymentrightsforwomen.

這項(xiàng)決議為修改婦女就業(yè)權(quán)利創(chuàng)造了條件。

②Thisagreementwillpavethewayforalastingpeacebetweenthetwocountries.

該協(xié)議將為兩國(guó)間的持久和平鋪平道路。

tocreateasituationinwhichsbwillbeabletodosthorsthcanhappen

（為……）鋪平道路，創(chuàng)造條件=laythefoundationof這可能有助于解決氫的儲(chǔ)存問題，并為汽車使用氫燃料創(chuàng)造條件。3.OtherscientistshopethatresearchintomicroorganismsdeepinsidetheEarthwouldcastlightontheoriginoflife.

cast/shed/throwlightonsth①Recentresearchhasthrownnewlightonthecausesofthedisease.

最近的研究可以使人進(jìn)一步了解導(dǎo)致這種疾病的原因。②Thesediscoverisesmaycastsomenewlightontheoriginsoftheuniverse.

這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會(huì)使人進(jìn)一步了解宇宙的起源。

tomakeaproblem,etc.easiertounderstand

使（問題等）較容易理解其他科學(xué)家希望對(duì)地球深處微生物的研究會(huì)使人們了解生命的起源。4.Surely,astudyoftheinsideofourplanetwouldleadtoexcitingandenlighteningdiscoveries,andbenefitallwhowalkuponit.①Canyouenlightenheronthissubject?

對(duì)這個(gè)問題你能啟發(fā)啟發(fā)她嗎？②anenlighteningexplanation

啟發(fā)性的解釋③Itcanbeanenormouslyenlighteningandexcitingexperience.

它會(huì)是一次非常有啟發(fā)性、令人興奮的經(jīng)歷。

當(dāng)然，對(duì)地球內(nèi)部的研究將帶來令人興奮和啟發(fā)性的發(fā)現(xiàn)，并使所有在地球上行走的人受益。enlightenv.

togivesbinformationsothattheyunderstandsthbetter

啟發(fā)；開導(dǎo)；闡明

enlightening

adj.富有啟發(fā)性的①

enlightenedopinions/attitudes/ideas

開明的見解/態(tài)度/想法②ThemoreenlightenedfactoryownersbuilthomesfortheirworkersinBritaininthe19thcentury.

在19世紀(jì)的英國(guó)，較開明的工廠主為工人建造住所。enlightenedadj

havingorshowinganunderstandingofpeople'sneeds,asituation,etc.thatisnotbasedonold-fashionedattitudesandprejudice

開明的；有見識(shí)的；擺脫偏見的enlightenmentn.[U]thestateofunderstandingsthclearlyortheactofmakingsbunderstandsthcleatly啟發(fā)；開導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)悟

theEnlightenment

（18世紀(jì)歐洲的）啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)5.Thedeepestundergroundlaboratory,atJinping,China,ispassed.(我們)經(jīng)過了位于中國(guó)錦屏山的最深地下實(shí)驗(yàn)室。TheJinpingUndergroundLaboratory,whichisusedtostudydarkmatter.中國(guó)錦屏地下實(shí)驗(yàn)室位于地下2400米處，是世界上最深的地下實(shí)驗(yàn)室，于2010年建成并投入使用。建成以來，實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行了一系列暗物質(zhì)探測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，這奠定了我國(guó)在暗物