Unitone

AutomobileStructure1ContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.Exercises2精選pptTypesofModernAutomobiles1）cars

2）passengercars3）trucks4）tractorsandvehiclecombination5）specialtypevehicle6）Self-dumpingcar7）farmvehicle8)off-roadvehicle

Pre-questions3精選pptSpecialvehicle

carTractorTruck

PassengerCars

4精選ppt2、withrespecttoenginearrangementanddrivingtypeenginearrangementanddrivingtypediagramfrontengine

、front-wheeldrive

frontengine

、rear-wheeldriveRearengine、

rear-wheeldrivePre-questions5精選pptDoyouknowwhobuiltthefirstcarintheworldandwhen?KarlBenzIn1886Pre-questions6精選pptHowmanymainpartsdoestheautomobileconsistof?1-engine2-chassis3-body4--electricalsystemPre-questions7精選pptWhichiscalledthe“heart”ofautomobile?AnenginethatisusedtosupplypowerforanautomobileWhatisthechassiscomposedof?drivingsystem,runninggear,steeringsystemandbrakesystem.

Pre-questions8精選pptDrivingsystemBrakesystemSteeringsystemrunninggear

Pre-questions9精選pptWhatistheelectricalsystemcomposedof?Theelectricsystemincludesthebattery,generator,startingsystem,ignitionsystem,lightingsystem,hornsystem,radioandotherdevices.

Pre-questions10精選pptWhatarethefunctionsofthefoursystems?Drivingsystem

worksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.Suspensionsystem’sfunctionistoincreasestrengthanddurabilityofcomponentsandtomeetcustomers’requirementsforridingcomfortanddrivingsafety.Steeringsystemisusedtocontrolthedrivingdirectionofanautomobile.

Brakesystemisusedtoretardthemotionofthevehicle.

Pre-questions11精選pptInotherwords,anyautomobileiscomposedofthesectionssuchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricsystem.Inotherwords換句話說becomposedof由….組成

譯文：換句話說，任何一輛汽車都是由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、底盤、車身和電器設(shè)備組成的。

II.TextExplanation12精選pptInotherwords

Inotherwords,theyremainrelativelyconstantorstatic.

換句話說，它們相對的穩(wěn)定、靜止。

Inotherwords,wehaveadheredtoscientificsocialism.

也就是說，我們堅(jiān)持了科學(xué)社會(huì)主義。

becomposedofNavymustbecomposedofsurfaceshipunitandsubmarineunit.

海軍一定是由水面艦艇部隊(duì)和潛艇部隊(duì)組成。II.TextExplanation13精選pptTheinternalcombustionengineburnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionor“explosion”intorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.Theinternalcombustionengine內(nèi)燃機(jī)Convert…..into…..使轉(zhuǎn)變,轉(zhuǎn)換...Propelvt.推進(jìn),驅(qū)使譯文：內(nèi)燃機(jī)在汽缸內(nèi)燃燒燃料，然后把燃燒或者“爆炸”所產(chǎn)生的膨脹力變成旋轉(zhuǎn)力，用以推動(dòng)車輛前進(jìn)。

II.TextExplanation14精選pptConvert…..into…..Theyconvertedthegarageintoatheater.

他們將車庫改成戲院。convertwaterintoice.將水變成冰convertingfeetintometers.將英尺換算成公尺II.TextExplanation15精選pptBrakesystemisabalancedsetofmechanicalandhydraulicdevicesusedtoretardthemotionofthevehiclebymeansof

friction.Hydraulic[haidrlik]adj.液壓的,水力的Retard[ritd]vt.延遲,使減速,阻礙Friction[frikn]n.摩擦,摩擦力譯文：制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)是一套平衡的機(jī)械和液壓設(shè)備，它可通過摩擦來阻止車輛的運(yùn)動(dòng)。II.TextExplanation16精選pptbymeansof用…..方式（方法），依靠Theysucceededbymeansofperseverance.他們依靠堅(jiān)忍不拔而獲得成功。

Healwaysgoestoschoolbymeansofbike他總是騎自行車上學(xué)

II.TextExplanation17精選pptII.TextExplanationIn1956,theNo.1AutoPlantwasestablishedinChangchun,andturnedoutthefirstbatchofliberationautomobilesforourcountry.establishvt.建立,設(shè)立,確定turnedoutvt.

生產(chǎn),起床,翻出,制造,關(guān)掉

譯文：在1956年，一汽在長春成立了，并且為我們國家生產(chǎn)出了第一批解放牌轎車。18精選pptturnoutAvastcrowdturnedouttowatchthematch.

大群的觀眾到場觀看比賽。Ifthedayturnsoutwetwemayhavetochangeourplans.

萬一下雨的話，我們也許得改變計(jì)劃。II.TextExplanation19精選pptIII.ExercisesTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.chassisdrivingsysteminternalcombustionenginesteeringsystembrakingsystemclutchgearboxuniversaljointpropellershaftgenerator底盤傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)燃機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)離合器變速箱萬向節(jié)驅(qū)動(dòng)軸發(fā)電機(jī)20精選pptIdentifytheEnglishnamesofclutchaccordingtothepicture.III.Exercises1-engine;2-clutch;3-gearbox;4-propellershaft;5-differential;6-rearaxle21精選pptThemotorvehicleengineisbasicallyadeviceforconvertingtheinternalenergystoredinitsfuelintomechanicalenergy.Itisclassifiedasaninternalcombustionenginebyvirtueofthisenergyconversiontakingplacewithintheenginecylinders.Sincetheterm”energy”impliesthecapacitytoperformwork,theengineisthusabletopropelthevehiclealongtheroadand,withinlimits,overcomeunwantedoppositiontoitsmotionarisingfromrollingfrictionandairdrag.Tofacilitatethisprocesstheengineiscombinedwithatransmissionsystem.III.Exercises22精選pptI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Ineffect,thedrivingsystemworksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.實(shí)際上，傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的作用是將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力傳遞到驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪。Theelectricsystemsupplieslightinganddrivingpowerfortheautomobile.電氣系統(tǒng)可為汽車提供照明和驅(qū)動(dòng)的電力。Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle.車身的式樣為汽車提供了誘人的，多彩的，現(xiàn)代的外觀形象。III.Exercises23精選ppt汽車主要由四個(gè)部分組成，他們是：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、底盤、車身和電氣設(shè)備。Anautomobileisgenerallycomposedoffoursectionssuchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricalsystem.傳動(dòng)系由離合器、變速箱、傳動(dòng)軸、后橋、差速器、從動(dòng)輪組成。Thetransmissionsystemconsistsofclutch,gearbox,propellershaft,rearaxle,differentialandthedrivingroadwheels.。III.ExercisesII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.24精選ppt氣門機(jī)構(gòu)的作用是及時(shí)地吸入新鮮的混合氣和排出廢氣Thevalvegearprovidestimelyadmissionofthefreshchargeintothecylindersandexhaustofspentgasesfromthem.

III.Exercises25精選pptThankYou!26Unit2-1

MainComponentsofEngine

27ContentsⅠ．Pre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.Exercises28精選pptPre-questionsTheheartofautomobile29精選pptWhatimpressionoftheengine?complicatedpowerPre-questions30精選pptWhataretheretypesoftheengine?electricmotors,steamengines,andinternalcombustionenginesWhat’stheinternalcombustionengine?

burnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.Pre-questions31精選pptSingle-cylinderenginecylinderpistonPistonpinConnectingrodcrankshaftOilpipeIntakevalveExhaustvalveTiminggearOilpump32精選pptwhatisthepowersourceofautomobileandhowtoproduce?pistonpistonpinconnectingrodcrankshaftEnginePowerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.

Theconnectingrodtransmitstheup-and-downmotionofthepistontothecrankshaft,whichchangesitintorotarymotion.

Pre-questions33精選pptTheenginecomprisestwomechanismandfivesystems,whatarethey?crankshaftandconnectingrodmechanism,valvegear,coolingsystem,lubricatingsystem,fuelsystem,startingsystem,ignitionsystemPre-questions34精選pptconnectingrodflywheelcrankshaftpistonintakevalveexhaustvalvepushrodtappettiminggears■

Valvegear

■

Connectingrod

35精選pptEnginecoolingsystem36精選pptEnginelubricatingsystem37精選pptFuelsupplysystem38精選pptValvegear39精選pptWhat’sthefunctionofthecrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanism?

Itsfunctionistoconvertheatenergyintomechanicalenergyusedtodrivethevehicles.

Pre-questions40精選pptTheinternalcombustionengine,asitsnameindicates,burnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.譯文：內(nèi)燃機(jī)，顧名思義，就是燃料在氣缸內(nèi)部燃燒，并且把燃燒時(shí)的膨脹力轉(zhuǎn)化為驅(qū)動(dòng)車輛的旋轉(zhuǎn)力。II.TextExplanation41精選pptOfallautomobilecomponents,anautomobileengineisthemostcomplicatedassemblywithdominanteffectsonthefunctionofanautomobile.complicated[kmplikeitid]adj.復(fù)雜的,難解的dominance[dmnns]n.優(yōu)勢,統(tǒng)治譯文：汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是一切汽車部件中結(jié)構(gòu)最復(fù)雜，對汽車功能起支配作用的一個(gè)總成。II.TextExplanation42精選pptItsfunctionistoconvertheatenergyintomechanicalenergyusedtodrivethevehicles.Convert……into…..

轉(zhuǎn)變；變換譯文：它的作用就是將熱能轉(zhuǎn)換成機(jī)械能用來驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車。II.TextExplanation43精選pptConvert…..into….①轉(zhuǎn)變；變換Thatbuildinghasbeenconvertedintoaschool.那座樓房改成學(xué)校了。②兌換IwanttoconvertsomeHongKongdollarsintoAmericandollars.我想把一些港元換成美元。③改變信仰、黨派或意見等Shemanagedtoconverthimtoheropinion.她終于設(shè)法說服了他接受她的意見。II.TextExplanation44精選pptPowerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.

linear[

lini]adj.線的,直線的,線性的piston[pistn]

n.活塞II.TextExplanation45精選pptThepistonattachedtothetopofaconnectingrodbyapin,calledapistonpinorwristpin.

attachtov.連接connectingrod連桿pistonpin=wristpin活塞銷II.TextExplanation46精選pptTheconnectingrodtransmitstheup-and-downmotionofthepistontothecrankshaft,whichchangesitintorotarymotion.transmit…to…把…傳到…whichchangesitintorotarymotion定語從句II.TextExplanation47精選pptdieselengineswaterpumptheignitiondistributoroilpantiminggearcrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanismvalvegearfuelsystemexhaustpipeexhaustmanifoldIII.ExercisesTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水泵分電器油底殼正時(shí)齒輪曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)配氣機(jī)構(gòu)燃油系統(tǒng)排氣管排氣歧管48精選ppt1-cylinderheadcover2-piston3-timingtoothedbelt4-waterpump5-oilpan6-oilpump7-crankshaft8-flywheel9-distributor10-valveIII.Exercises49精選pptThecrankshaftrepresentsthefinallink

intheconversionofreciprocatingmotionatthepistontooneofrotationattheflywheel.Inthecastofthemulti-cylinder

engine,thecrankshafthastocontrol

therelativemotionsofthepistons,whilereceivingtheirownimpulses.Aone-piececonstructionismostcommonly

usedforthemotor-vehiclecrankshaft,whichextendsthewholelengthoftheengineandmustthereforepossessconsiderablerigidity.III.Exercises50精選pptThetiming-drivefortheenginevalvemechanismistakenfromthefrontendofthecrankshaft

asisthepulleyandbeltdrivefortheengineauxiliaries,suchasthecoolingfanandthealternatorforelectricalsystem.attachedtotherearendofthecrankshaftistheengineflywheel.III.Exercises51精選pptI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1．Engineisthepowersourceoftheautomobile.Powerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是汽車的動(dòng)力源.它通過汽缸內(nèi)的活塞線性運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的.2．Thefuelsystemworksaccordingtotherequirementsoftheengineasitprovidesanair-fuelmixturewhichmustbeinproportiontothespeedandloadplacedontheengine.燃油系統(tǒng)的作用是根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速和負(fù)荷提供一定比例的可燃混合氣以滿足發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的需求。III.Exercises52精選ppt3．Thevalvegearprovidestimelyadmissionofthefreshchargeintothecylindersandexhaustofspentgasesfromthem.配氣機(jī)構(gòu)機(jī)構(gòu)可定時(shí)的將新鮮氣體充入氣缸，并且將廢氣排放出去。III.Exercises53精選ppt1．發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)主要有兩大機(jī)構(gòu)五大系統(tǒng)組成。Anengineismainlycomposedoftwomechanismsandfivesystems.2．曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)主要包括機(jī)體組，活塞連桿組和曲軸飛輪組。Thecrankshaftandconnectingrodmechanism

mainlyconsistsoftheenginecrankcaseandcylinderblock,thepistonandconnectingrod,thecrankshaftandflywheel.

III.ExercisesII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.54精選ppt3．水泵工作時(shí)，可以將冷卻液在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水套中和散熱器之間來回流動(dòng)。Whenrevolving,thewaterpumpcirculatescoolantbetweentheenginewaterjacketsandtheradiator.

III.Exercises55精選pptIII.ExercisesPrincipleofFour-strokeEngine1、intakestroke2、compressstroke3、powerstroke4、exhauststroke

IntakevalveExhaustvalve56精選pptThankYou!57Unit2-2

CylinderBlockandCylinderHead

58ContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.Exercises59精選pptEngineBodycrankcasecylinderblockcylinderheadcylinderoilpassageandwaterpassageoilpanThecylindergasket

60精選pptWhatistheengineblockcomprisedof?thecylindersectionandthecrankcasesection

Pre-questionsthecylindercrankcase61精選pptPre-questionsHowmanytypeshastheenginearrangement,whatarethey?In-line

V-type

Horizontallyopposedtype

62精選pptWhat’sthefunctionandthematerialofthecylinderhead?

Function：Sealthetopthecylinderandformthecombustionchamberwiththepistonandthecylinder

Material:

greyironoralloyironaluminum

Pre-questions63精選pptcylindergasket

cylinderheadcylindercoverpadtofitsparkplugPre-questions64精選pptWhattypesofthecombustionchambersarethere?Pre-questionswedge-shapedbasin-shapedhemispherical

65精選pptTheengineblockisthemainsupportingstructuretowhichallotherpartsareattached

directlyorindirectly.

attached[ttt]vt附上...的directlyadv.直接地Indirectlyadv.間接地譯文：氣缸體是主要的支承部件，它可以將其它部件直接或間接的裝配在上面。II.TextExplanation反義詞66精選pptThesurfacesaremachinedtoallowthepistonstomovewithminimumwearandfriction.

allowvt允許，承認(rèn)allowsb.todosth.allowdoingsth.Friction[frikn]n.摩擦,摩擦力譯文：加工出的表面允許活塞在最小磨損和摩擦力下運(yùn)動(dòng)。II.TextExplanation67精選pptAllow使…成為可能，允許近義詞：permitThewindfallallowedmetobuyahouse.這意外之財(cái)使我得以購置一幢房子。

Allowmetointroducemyself.

請?jiān)试S我自我介紹一下。

II.TextExplanation68精選pptWiththeincreasedconcernforprovidinghigheroutputandlowerfuelconsumption,carmanufacturesaretryingtomakethevehiclelighter.Concernvt.涉及,關(guān)系到n.關(guān)心,關(guān)注concernfor對...的關(guān)心/憂慮concernwith和...有關(guān)（一般用...+beconcernedwith...）

consumption

n.消費(fèi),消費(fèi)量譯文：隨著對汽車產(chǎn)量和低燃耗的關(guān)注度越來越高，汽車生產(chǎn)廠家盡量把汽車做的輕一些。II.TextExplanation69精選pptConcernvt.1.(不用被動(dòng)語態(tài))關(guān)于2.涉及,關(guān)系到;影響到

Theletterischieflyconcernedwithexportcommodities.

這封信主要是關(guān)于出口商品的。

Thenewsconcernsyourbrother.

這消息與你兄弟有關(guān)。3.使擔(dān)心;使不安(+about/for)Theboy'spoorhealthconcernedhisparents.

那男孩健康狀況不佳,使他的父母親憂慮。

Heisconcernedforhersafety.

他擔(dān)心她的安全。4.使關(guān)心(+about/with)Hewasveryconcernedabouther.

他對她非常關(guān)心。II.TextExplanation70精選pptItshouldbepaidattentiontothedirectionwhenfixing.to是介詞,所以后面接名詞以及動(dòng)名詞.payattentiontosth./doingsth.

Pleasepayattentiontotakingcareofyourbaby.請注意照顧好你的小孩.

譯文：應(yīng)該注意裝配時(shí)的方向。II.TextExplanation71精選pptCylindergasketFunction：fittedbetweenthecylinderblockandcylinderheadtosealtheareabetweenthemandpreventleakageofgas,oilandwater.PayattentiontothedirectionwhenfixingII.TextExplanation72精選pptInordertomakethealuminumstrongerandlesslikelytowarp,certainmaterialsareaddedtothemetalorasteellinerplacedintheblock.Inorderto為了Westartedearlyinordertoarrivebeforedark.為了在天黑前到達(dá),我們很早就動(dòng)身了。

II.TextExplanation73精選pptwarp[w:p]n.彎曲,歪曲vt.弄歪,使翹曲vi.變彎,變歪addedtoincresed（本身）增加addedto(別人，別的東西)增加

譯文：為了使鋁制材料強(qiáng)度更高，盡可能的減少彎曲變形，可加入一定的金屬材料或者在缸體內(nèi)鑲鋼缸套。區(qū)別II.TextExplanation74精選pptcylinderblockcylinderheadoilpancylindergasketcylinderlinerwedge-shapedcombustionchamberbasin-shapedcombustionchamberin-lineenginessparkplugsinjectionIII.ExercisesTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.氣缸體氣缸蓋油底殼氣缸墊缸套楔形燃燒室盆形燃燒室直列發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)火花塞噴油器75精選pptIII.Exercises1-cylinderheadcover;2-cylinderhead;3-cylindergasket;4-cylinderblock;5-oilpan76精選pptIthaslongsincebeenestablishedpracticetocombinethecylinderblockandcrankcaseintoasingleunit,thisgenerallybeingtermed“monobloc”construction.Thehistoricaloriginsofthisformofconstructiondatebacktotheearly1920s,whentherewasageneraltrendtowardssimplificationoftheenginestructure.III.Exercises77精選pptUntilthenthecylinderblockandcrankcasewereproducedasseparateunits,incastironandaluminumalloyrespectively,andthenboltedtogether.Inrelationtomodernenginedesign,themonoblocconstructionprovidesaverynecessaryrigidfoundationfortheengineandreducesmanufacturingcosts.III.Exercises78精選pptI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1．Inordertomakethealuminumstrongerandlesslikelytowarp,certainmaterialsareaddedtothemetalorasteellinerplacedintheblock.為了使鋁制缸體剛度更強(qiáng)和盡可能的減少磨損，可將一些材料加入其中或者在缸體中安裝缸套。2．Thecylindergasket’sfunctionistosealtheareabetweenthemandpreventleakageofgas,oilandwater.氣缸墊的作用就是密封缸蓋與缸體之間的區(qū)域，避免漏氣、漏油和漏水。III.Exercises79精選ppt3．Thecylindersofmulti-cylinderautomotiveenginesarearrangedinoneofthreeways.多缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的氣缸排列方式是這三種形式之一。III.Exercises80精選pptII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1．氣缸墊安裝時(shí)，要注意它的方向性。Itshouldbepaidattentiontothedirectionwhenfixingthecylindergasket

.2．鋁制缸體為了提高它的剛度，常常要在氣缸中安裝缸套。Inordertomakethealuminumstronger,asteellineroftenplacedintheblock.3．直列式是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中最簡單的一種排列方式。In-lineengineisthesimplestarrangement.III.Exercises81精選pptThankYou!82Unit2-3

PistonandConnectingRod

83ContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.Exercises84精選pptwhatdoesthepistonassemblyconsistof?

Itmainlyconsistsofpiston,pistonrings,pistonpin,andconnectingrod.

Pre-questions85精選pptpistonpistonringspistonpinconnectingrodPre-questionspistonpistonringspistonpinconnectingrodFunction?86精選pptFunction:transmittheforceofexpansiontocrankshaftthroughconnectingrodWithstandinggaspressure

Pre-questionscharacteristic

lightrigidcylindricalshapedhollow

87精選pptPre-questionscylindricalshapedhollow88精選pptWhatisthepistoncomposedof?pistonhead,pistonlands,pistonskirtandpistonpinhole.Pre-questions89精選pptComponentspistontoppistonheadpistonskirtpistonpinholePre-questions90精選pptWhat’sthefunctionoftheconnectingrod?topassthereciprocatingpowerofthepistontothecrankshaft.

Pre-questionsSmallendConnectingrodbushingConnectingrodBigendConnectingrodhalfshellsConnectingrodcap91精選pptTowithstandtheheatofthecombustionchamber,thepistonmustbestrong.

Withstandvt.抵擋，經(jīng)受住thecombustionchamber燃燒室

譯文：活塞必須要堅(jiān)固才能承受燃燒室的熱量。II.TextExplanation92精選pptInsomeapplication,anarrowgrooveiscutintothepistonabovethetopringtoserveasa“heatdam”toreducetheamountofheatreachingthetopring.groove[grv]n.凹槽

heatdam隔熱槽譯文：在有些結(jié)構(gòu)中，為了減少傳到頂部活塞環(huán)的熱量，在活塞環(huán)的上部切割出一個(gè)很窄的環(huán)槽，叫做“隔熱槽”。II.TextExplanation93精選pptcutintov減少，侵犯,打斷Don'tcutintothestory.不要打斷故事。

Theknifeeasilycutintothecake.刀一下子就切進(jìn)了蛋糕。

Theotherhousegotoldandshabby,andthatcutintothevalue.周圍的房子都破舊不堪,這使得他房子的價(jià)值降低了。

II.TextExplanation94精選pptserveasvt.擔(dān)任(充當(dāng),起...的作用)Thesephilosophicalviewsserveasaguideinlife.這些哲學(xué)觀點(diǎn)可以作為處世指南。Hewillserveasmayor．他將任市長一職。

近義詞：actas.....區(qū)別：serve為……服務(wù)II.TextExplanation95精選pptItmaybe

flat,concave,andconvexoranyoneofagreatvarietyofshapestopromoteturbulenceorhelpcontrolcombustion.concave[knkeiv]n.凹,凹面convex[knveks]adj.表面彎曲如球的外側(cè),凸起的譯文：（活塞頂部）形狀可以是平頂、凹頂、凸頂或者其它各種形狀，這些形狀促進(jìn)紊流或有助于控制燃燒。II.TextExplanation96精選pptagreatvarietyofadj.多種,各種,多種多樣的Wewillappealtoagreatvarietyofsourcesofinformation.我們將求助于多種資料來源。II.TextExplanation97精選pptClassificationofpistontopshapediagramflatconvexconcave98精選pptToavoid

misplacingtherodcapsduringassembly,theconnectingrodsandtheirmatingcapsaremarkedononesidewithserialnumbers,startingwiththefirstrodfromtheradiator,toidentifytheirlocationintheengine.譯文：為了避免裝配錯(cuò)誤，從散熱器的一側(cè)為開始，在連桿以及與其相配的連桿蓋的一側(cè)標(biāo)注有序列數(shù)以區(qū)分它們在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中的位置。II.TextExplanation99精選pptavoidvt.避免[(n./+v-ing)]

Theyallavoidedmentioningthatname.

他們都避免提及那名字。

Shebrakedsuddenlyandavoidedanaccident.

她緊急剎車,避免了一場車禍。

theradiatorn.散熱器misplace[mispleis]vt.放錯(cuò)地方II.TextExplanation100精選pptTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.pistonringpistonpinconnectingrodexpansionforcecylinderwallinthebottomofthegroovespassthereciprocatingpowerofthepistonconnectingrodsmallendconnectingrodcapconnectingrodbearinghalfshellsIII.Exercises活塞環(huán)活塞銷連桿膨脹力汽缸壁在槽的底部傳遞活塞的往復(fù)動(dòng)力連桿小頭連桿蓋連桿軸瓦101精選pptcompressionringsoilringspistonpinpistonconnectingrodconnectingrodboltcrankbearinghalfshellconnectingrodcapIII.Exercises102精選pptPistonrings

areoftwobasictypes,thatis,compressionringsandoil-control

rings.Theyperformimportantfunctionsasfollows:theuppercompressionringsmustmaintainaneffectivesealagainstcombustiongasesleakingpastthepistonsintothecrankcase.Theloweroil-controlringsservetocontrolandeffectivelydistributethelubricatingoilthrownontothecylinderwalls,consistentwithmaintaininggoodlubricationandanacceptableoilconsumption.Theseringsalsoprovideameansbywhichsurplusheatistransmittedfromthepistontothecylinderwallandthentothecoolingjacket.III.Exercises103精選pptI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1．Thepistonconvertsthepotentialenergyofthefuelintokineticenergythatturnsthecrankshaft.活塞將燃料燃燒的能量轉(zhuǎn)換成驅(qū)動(dòng)曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)的動(dòng)能。2．Thepistonandrodassemblytransmitsthepowerfromcombustionchambertothecrankshaft.活塞連桿組將燃燒室的能量傳遞給曲軸。3．ShankoftheconnectingrodisprovidedwithanI-crosssectiontogivetherodmaximumrigiditywiththeminimumofweight.為了使連桿得到最大的剛度和最小的重量，連桿桿身部分加工為工形結(jié)構(gòu)。III.Exercises104精選pptII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1．

活塞銷裝在活塞的環(huán)形的孔里?；钊N把活塞和連桿連接起來。用來支撐活塞銷的活塞厚的部分稱為活塞銷凸臺(tái)。

Apistonpinfitsintoaroundholeinthepiston.Thepistonpinjoinsthepistontotheconnectingrod.Thethickpartofthepistonthatholdsthepistonpinisthepinboss.

2．活塞銷貫穿活塞，把連桿小頭與活塞連在一起，并將連桿保持在活塞中心的適當(dāng)位置處。Thepistonpinfitsthroughonesideofthepiston,throughthesmallendoftherod,andthenthroughtheothersideofthepiston.Itholdstherodfirmlyinplaceinthecenterofthepiston.III.Exercises105精選ppt3．頂部的兩道保證活塞與氣缸壁間密封的環(huán)叫做氣環(huán)。底下的一道防止機(jī)油飛濺到缸筒從而竄入燃燒室的環(huán)叫做油環(huán)。Thetoptworingsaretokeepthegasesinthecylinderandarecalledcompressionrings.Theloweronepreventstheoilsplashedontothecylinderborefromenteringthecombustionchamber,andiscalledanoilring.

III.Exercises106精選pptvariablecompressionratio縮寫VCR可變壓縮比Function:Satisfyinghighcompressionforstartingandlowercompressionunderload

III.Exercises107精選pptThankYou!108Unit2-4

CrankshaftandFlywheel

109ContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.Exercises110精選pptPre-questionsWhat’sthecrankshaftassemblycomposedof?

crankshaftbearingstiminggearflywheelbeltpulley111精選pptPre-questionsWhatisregardedasthe“backbone”oftheengineandwhy?Crankshaft,becauseitcanchangethereciprocatingmotionofthepistonintorotarymotionandhandletheentirepoweroutput.112精選pptComponents：Pre-questionsrodjournalcrankshaftjournalrearendbalancedweightcrankfrontendrodjournal113精選pptWhat’sthefunctionoftheflywheel?helpingtheenginetorunsmoothlybyabsorbingsomeoftheenergyduringthepowerstrokeandreleasingitduringtheotherstrokes；carryingtheclutch,whichtransmitsthedrivetothegearbox；hasthestarterringgeararounditscircumference.

Pre-questions114精選pptWhereistheflywheelintheengine?therearofthecrankshaft.

Pre-questionsthestarterringgear115精選pptII.TextExplanationTheperiodicgasandinertiaforcestakenbythecrankshaftmaycauseittosufferwearandbendingordistortion.bending[bendi]

n.彎曲(度),撓度distortion[distn]n.扭曲,變形,曲解,失真譯文：周期性的氣體作用力和慣性力作用于曲軸，會(huì)使曲軸遭受磨損、彎曲或扭曲變形。116精選pptPeriodic[,pi?ri'?dik]adj.

周期的,周期性的;定期的時(shí)而發(fā)生的;間歇(性)的theperiodicmotionofaplanet行星的周期運(yùn)動(dòng)betakenby

對...很喜愛，被...迷住,被...吸引II.TextExplanation117精選pptInertia

[in'?:?i?]n.1.慣性;慣量;惰性

Inertia

carriedthetrainpastthestation.

慣性使火車駛過了車站。2.不活動(dòng);遲鈍;懶惰

Igetafeelingofinertia

onahotsummerday.

在盛夏我有一種懶洋洋的感覺。II.TextExplanation118精選pptInordertoreduceoreliminatesuchvibration,itmustbeprovidedwith

counterbalancedweightsthatextendradicallyfromthecrankshaftcenterlineintheoppositedirectionofthecrankarms.譯文：為了減少或消除振動(dòng)，它必須裝有平衡重，而且平衡重應(yīng)徑向地從曲軸中心線向曲柄相對的方向延伸安裝。II.TextExplanation119精選ppteliminate[ilimineit]vt.排除,消除vibration[vaibrein]n.振動(dòng),顫動(dòng),搖動(dòng),擺動(dòng)counterbalancedweight平衡重crankarm曲柄II.TextExplanation120精選pptbeprovidedwith為......提供…..裝備providesbwithsth=providesthforsb為某人提供什么

Sheepprovideuswithwool.羊供給我們羊毛。Theyareillprovided

withfood.他們的食品不足。II.TextExplanation121精選pptAswellasitsfunctionistohelptheenginetorunsmoothlybyabsorbingsomeoftheenergyduringthepowerstrokeandreleasingitduringtheotherstrokes；譯文：（飛輪）的作用是通過吸收作功行程的能量和在其它行程釋放能量，促使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)平穩(wěn)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；II.TextExplanation122精選pptthepowerstroke作功行程Aswellas和，也，還

（連接詞and）Thebossprovidedlunchaswellasbreakfast.老板提供午餐還有早餐。

Shesingsaswellasplayingthepiano.她不但會(huì)彈鋼琴，而且會(huì)唱歌。

Iaswellastheyamreadytohelpyou.不僅他們愿意幫助你，我也愿意幫助你。

II.TextExplanation123精選pptTherodjournalsarehollowinordertoreducethecrankshaftinertia.Therodjournals連桿軸頸譯文：為了減少曲軸的慣性，連桿軸頸是中空的。II.TextExplanation124精選pptmainbearingjournalrodjournalcrankarmcounterbalancedweighttiminggearfrontandrearsealstopdeadcentermulti-cylinderenginebearingcapbeltpulleyIII.ExercisesTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.主軸頸連桿軸頸曲柄平衡重正時(shí)齒輪前后油封上止點(diǎn)多缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)軸承皮帶輪125精選pptIII.Exercisescrankingclaw

timinggearmainbearingbeltpulleytortionalvibrationdamper

flywheelflywheelboltcrankshaft126精選pptThecrankshaft,regardedasthe“backbone”oftheengine,servestochangethereciprocatingmotionofthepistonintorotarymotionandhandlestheentirepoweroutput.Thecrankshaftisactuallymadeupofvariouspartssuchasmainbearingjournal,rodjournal,crankarm,counterbalancedweight

andflywheel.Theconnectingrodlinksitslar