SECTION1:LISTENINGTEST(45minutes)

2013.9

Next,let’stalkaboutearthquakesonour net.Somecountrieshavelargenumbersofearthquakes.Japanisoneofthem.Othersdonothavemany;forexample,therearefewearthquakes (1).Thereisoftenagreatnoiseduringanearthquake.Thegroundvibrates.Houses (2).Trainsrunoffthelines.Sometimesthereis (3)ofhumanlives.Earthquakesoftenhappennearvolcanoes,butthisis (4).Thecentresofsomeearthquakesare (5).Thebottomoftheseasuddenlymoves.Thepowerful s (6)breaktherocks.Thecoastisshakenandgreatwavesappear.Thesewaves,alsoknownasseismicwavesortsunamis,can (7)andrushoverthelandwhentheyreachit.Theyare (8)tobreakdownhousesandotherbuildings. Veryoftenfiresfollowedthemostseriousearthquakes.In (9),thegreatearthquakeatSanFranciscobrokethegas-pipes.Thegas (10),andsoonlargenumbersoffireswereburninginthecity.Thewater-pipeswerealso

(11);soitwasnotpossibletoputthefiresout. (12).TheTokyoearthquakeof1923happenedjustbeforenoon.Peoplewere (13)ontheirfiresatthattime.Whenthegroundshook,thefiresshooktoo. (14)werethrownonthedifferentpartsofthehouses,someofwhichweremadeofwood.Soon (15)fireswereburninginthecity.Whatkindofbuilding (16)inanearthquake?Abuildingwithconcretewallsisperhapsthebest. (17)willmakeitevenstronger.Theframeholdsthedifferentpartstogether,andthewalls (18).Thereislesschanceoffirebecauseconcreteandsteeldonotburn.Overtheyears (19)theresultsoftheearthquakeindifferentpartoftheworld,and (20)thatthiskindofbuildingisthesafest.

(A)Georgenowworkswithhisbrother.

Georgewantstoinvitehisbrothertodinner.

Georgeisnowasalesman.

Georgeisthesalesmanager.

(A)Ishouldgotothestoremoreoften.

I’mafraidImightlosemyjob.

Icareverylittleaboutthenews.

Idon’tlikethestorejob.

(A)Garyexpectstoworkhardtofinishhisreport.

Garyisnningapartyforthisweek.

Garywillfinishhisreportbeforetheparty.

Garynstostartworkingnextweek.

(A)Ourfirstsupplywillinduceourcustomerstocemoreregularordersinthefuture.

Ourcustomershavecedmoreorders,pleasedwiththefirstsupplyofyour .

Wecanestablishnormalbusinessrelationships,althoughthisisonlythebeginning.

Wecouldmakemoremoney,astherewouldbemorefirstsfromyour .

(A)I’dbetterreturnthebooksthisweek.

Icankeepthebooksforanotherweek.

Booksmaybecheckedoutfortwoweeksatatime.

Thelibraryisincreasingfinestoraisemoneyforbooks.

(A)MayisatimeforAmericanstudentstoenjoysunshineandfineweather

MayisatimeforAmericanstudentstolearnmoreaboutgardening.

EachyearinMayAmericanstudentswouldtakepartinoutdooractivities.

EachyearinMayAmericanstudentswouldsitfortheirfinalexams.

(A)Onlyafewofthemanymoviesproducedincanmakebigprofits

(B)Onethirdofthemoviesproducedinareexportedoverseas.

(C)ranksthethirdinprofit-makingformoviesproduced.

(D)Fewpeoplearecapableofwritingreviewsaboutthemoviesproducedin.

(A)Idon’tlikethequestionsabouttheproject.

Idon’tthinkthisprojectisworkable.

Ibelieveweshouldmakethemworkhard.

Iamsurewehaveenoughtimefortheproject.

(A)Thereisanagreementforabantobeacceptedonwhalehunting.

Peopleinrichcountriesshouldrefusetobuywhaleproducts.

Thereisalackofinternationalcooperationinprotectingwhales.

Peopleinterestedinwhalehuntingshouldbeproperlytrained.

(A)NewYorkCityhasundergonegreatchangesandcaughttheattentionoftheworldsince1950.

In2010,NewYorkCityisstillthelargestcitywithapopulationofover10million.

Thenumberofthecitieswithpopulationsofover10millionwillbe60bytheyear2010

Theworldhaswitnessedarapiddevelopmentofurbanizationinthepast60years.

(A)Attendingabusinessmeeting.

Reservingatableinarestaurant.

Bookingaticketforaconcert.

Makingtravellingarrangements.

(A)Inthemorning.

Atnoon.

Intheafternoon.

OnJune19

(A)Onenight.

Twonights.

Fournights.

Aweek.

(A)Aroomwithasinglebed.

Aroomwithbath.

Aroominthenon-smokingarea.

Aroomneartheho cafeteria.Questions15—18

(A)Tojointhelocalresidentsintheirdailydiscussionaboutsports.

TowritearticlesaboutthelocalsportsteamsforSportsReview.

Totryonthelocalsportsteamssoasto eamemberofthem.

Tomixwellwithboysandgirlsatlocalschoolsportsteams.

(A)CarsandDrivers.

PopularMechanics.

TimeandNewsweek.

SportsReview.

(A)Americancardrivers.

Americanmoviegoers.

NewresidentsinAmerica.

ForeigntouristsinAmerica.

(A)HowtoimproveyourspokenEnglishinAmerica.

HowtoobtaininformationfromAmericanmagazines.

Howtosurviveinanewandstrangece.

HowtomixwellwithAmericanlocalresidents.Questions19—22

(A)Two.

Three.

Four.

Five.

(A)Becauseitwasonacrossstreet.

Becauseithadnodesk.

Becauseithadnoparkingspace.

Becausetheydidn’tlikeit.

(A)Parkinganddeskspace.

Parkingandair-conditioning.

Privacyandcleanliness.

Acheerfulkitchenandaseparatediningarea.

(A)Theoneonthe68thStreet.

Theoneonthe72ndStreet.

Theoneonthe80thStreet.

Theoneonthe88thStreet.Questions23—26

(A)Smallcutsandminorgrazesusuallyneedlittleornotreatment.

Smallcutsandminorgrazesaretoo montobeneglected.

Smallchildrenarenaughtyandshouldbeunderclosesupervision.

Smallchildrencan everyeasilyupsetorshockedbyacut.

(A)Ifthechildisbleedingfromaminorgraze.

Ifthechildgetseyeinjuriesorcutsontheface.

Ifthechildiscutandthebloodclotsanddries.

Ifthechild esveryupsetandshockedbyacut.

(A)Makethecutwideopenandwashitwithalittlewarmwater.

Pressapieceofcottonwoolfirmlyoveritforaboutfiveminutes.

Letitbleedforawhiletocleanitselfbeforecleaninganddressingit.

Cleanitwithcleancottonwool,thenholditclosedwithanadhesivedressing.

(A)Givethemsomewatertodrink.

lthemajokeorafunnystory.

Keepthemcalmandquiet.

Calladoctorassoonaspossible.Questions27—30

(A)Heboughtasecondhandcar.

Hehadjustinheritedafortune.

Heusedtogotoworkbytrain.

Hewasoverchargedbytherepairshop.

(A)Drive-inmovies.

Drive-inbanks.

Drive-inrestaurants.

Drive-inpostoffices.

(A)Nooneperformedtheweddingceremony.

Thenewcouplegotmarriedwithoutacar.

Aministermarriedthecoupleoutsideachurch.

Aweddingwasperformedintheauto.

(A)Carmaintenance.

Modernconveniences.

Weddingceremonies.

Physicalexercises.

SECTION2:STUDYSKILLS(50MINUTES)

Questions1—5

ManypeoplearesurprisedtolearnthatAntarcticaisnearlytwicethesizeoftheUnitedStates.ThenameAntarcticawascoinedtomean“oppositetotheArctic.”Itisjustthatinmanyways.Antarcticaisahigh,ice-coveredlandmass.IntheArcticthelandmassesaregroupedaroundtheice-coveredArcticOcean.

Largelybecauseofthisdifference,theclimateofthetwoareasisverydifferent.Antarcticaisthecoldestareaintheworld.Ontheaverageitisabout30degreescolderthantheArctic.AttheSouthPole,nearly10,000feethigh,monthlymeantemperaturesrunwellbelowzero.Onlyincoastalregionsdotemperaturessometimesriseabove zinginthesummer(DecembertoMarch).Incontrast,neartheNorthPolemonthlymeantemperaturesoftenriseabove zing.

Atbothpoles,dailytemperaturesmaydropfarbelowthemonthlymean.AttheAmericanSouthPoleStation,wintertemperaturessometimesfallbelow-100degreesFahrenheit.Elsewhere,onhigherpartsofthesouthpolarteau,evenlowertemperaturesarerecorded.Atemperatureof-127degreesFahrenheitwasmeasuredinAugust1960.Itistheworld’srecordlowtemperature.

Partlybecauseofthisclimaticdifference,thelandanimalsandntsofthetworegionsareverydifferent.OnthecontinentofAntarctica,thereareveryfewnts.IntheArctictherearemanynts.Insomeofthefewice- areasofAntarctica,mosses,lichens,andalgaearefound.

PenguinspopulateAntarcticcoastlinesbutdonotexistintheArctic.ThelandanimalsoftheArcticarefoxes,bears,reindeer,andlemmings.TheseanimalsareunknownintheAntarctic.Oldrocklayersshowthatthis“oppositeness”betweennorthandsouthextendsfarbackintotheearlychaptersofearthhistory.

IceisthegreatfeatureofAntarctica.Morethan4.5millionsquare oficesheetcoverthearea.Greatriversofice,calledglaciers,pushdownthemountains.Antarcticaisthestorehouseofabout85percentofthetotalworldsupplyofice.

Theicecapisverythick,averagingnearly8,000feet.Atonespot,scientistshavefoundthedistancefromthesurfacetotherockunderneaththeicetobemorethan13,000feet.Ifthisgreatvolumeoficeweretomelt,thevolumeoftheworldoceanswouldincrease,andsealevelwouldrise,andtherewouldbeathreattocoastalareas.Extremeatmosphericchangeswouldhavetotakeceforthistohappen.

ThepassagestatesthattheknownlowesttemperatureattheSouthPoleis .

minus100degreesFahrenheit

minus127degreesCelsius

30degreescolderthantheNorthPole

closetominus130degreesFahrenheit

SomeareasofAntarcticaare .

ice

veryhumid

slightlypolluted

foundtohavemanynts

Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat .

penguinscouldnotliveattheNorthPole

thetemperatureintheAntarcticisgettingclosetothatintheArctic

intheAntarcticextremeatmosphericchangeswouldtakece

lifeattheNorthPoleismoretolerablethanattheSouthPole

Accordingtothepassage,ifAntarctica’sicemelted, .

coastalareasoftheworldwouldbeflooded

oceancurrentswouldshifttheirdirection

climatewouldchangedrasticallyeverywhere

thefewspeciesofanimalsandntswoulddieout

Theauthordevelopshispointthrough .

theoryandproof

causeandeffect

comparisonandcontrast

descriptionandargumentationQuestions6—10

Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood,insteadofeatingitraw,livedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasorwherehelived.Wedoknow,however,thatforthousandsofyears,foodwasalwayseatencoldandraw.Earlypeopleswholivedinhotregionscould

dependontheheatofthesuntocooktheirfood.Forexample,inthedesertareasofthesouthwesternUnitedStates,the nscookedtheirfoodbycingitonaflatstoneinthehotsun.Theycookedpiecesofmeatandthincakesofcornmealinthisfashion.

TheBible lsusthattheJewswereskilledcooks.TheBookofGenesis,forinstance,relatesthestoryofRebecca,whoputfoodinapanandceditoverburningcharcoal.TheJewsalsoknewtheartofbakingatanearlypointintheirhistory.CarvingsleftbytheancientJewsshowdoughbeingputintoasmallroundoventobebaked.

InthetroubledtimesoftheMiddleAges,tradebetweencountriesdwindled.Peoplelivedonwhattheycouldgrowintheirgardensorbringbackfromthehunt,andthefoodtheyatewassimplyprepared.BeansandturnipswerethemainvegetableseateninEurope,andhoneywasusedtosweetenfood.ThemanuscriptsoftheMiddleAges lusthatboilingandbroilingwerethetwomostcommonmethodsofcooking.Breadwasbakedinthehomesofrichpeopleorinpublicbakeries,butthecommonmanhadnooveninhishome.Peoplekilledtheirlivestock,hotopreserveitthroughthewinterbysaltingit.However,saltwasexpensiveandpeopledidnotalwaysuseenoughofittokeepthemeatfromspoiling.

ItwasnotuntilthenineteenthcenturythatthemassesofpeopleinEuropechangedtheirwaysofcooking.Thischangetookcebecausethecast-ironcookingstovewasinvented.Untilthestovecameintouse,firecesandspitshadbeeningeneraluse;sometimesabakingovenhadbeenbuiltintothesidesofthefirece.InnorthernEurope,stoveshadbeenusedforseveralcenturiesforheating.However,itwasalongtimebeforeastovewasdevelopedthatwouldcookandbake,aswellasheat.

Ourmethodsofcookinghavenotchangedverymuchinthelastcentury,butwedohavebetterequipmentthatmakescookingeasierandmoreconvenient.Withmodernstandardizedmeasures,wecanfollowrecipesexactlyandproducesuccessfuldishesmoreoften.

Itcanbeassumedthatearlypeoplefromhotcountriesoftencookedtheirfoodby .

drophotstonesintoabag

puttingitonsun-heatedstones

removingfromthefirethestoneandputtingthefoodonit

diggingapitandcookingthefoodundergreenleaves

Thepassagesuggeststhatbakingwasprobablyknownintheearlyhistoryof .

thepeopleoftheMiddleAges

theCrusaderofEurope

theRomans

theJews

DuringtheMiddleAges,peoplepthemeatby .

dryingit

smokingit

saltingit

allofthese

Inthenineteenthcentury,cookingwasmadeeasierby .

theinventionofthebakingoven

thegeneraluseoffireces

thedevelopmentofthestove

theopeningoftraderoutes

Cookingtodayissimplerbecausewe .

canusestoves

havebetterequipment

canbuyfoodatthestore

havebettermethodsofcookingQuestions11—15

IwantthisnewschoolyeartobeagoodoneformystudentsastheylearnabouteverythingfromcalculustoShakespearetofailure.That’sright.Failure.

Weallneedtofailalittle.Infact,thesecretofsuccessmightjustbethat.ConsiderthepathofHenryDavidThoreau.Bymanyaccounts,Thoreauwasafailure.Folksthoughtheshouldhavebeenacivicleader.Hecouldhavebeenadoctor,alawyer,ateacher.Hemightevenhavemadecongressmanorernor.Instead,theHarvardmanseemedtospendmostofhistimeloafinginthewoods

nearhishometownoverWaldenPond.Everyonejustscratchedtheirheadsandwonderedwhysuchapromisingyoungfellowwasn’ta“success.”I’mnotsuggestingthatmystudentsdropclassesforthewoods,butit’simportanttorememberthatideasonsuccessvary,evenintheseenlightenedtimes.

Thelessonsoffailureareanimportantpartofthecurriculumofsuccess.Welearnfromthem.Theypushustodobetter;theyteachushumility.Asateacher,Iexpectstudentstorevisetheirwork,tobuildonthe“failure”ofthefirstdrafttoachieveclarityandinsightinthefinaldraft.

That’sagoodmodelformostthingsinlife.Partoftheproblem,though,isthatweliveinacountryobsessedbyresults.InschoolitistheAstudentwhogetsalltheperkseventhoughgettinganAdoesn’talwaysmeasurehowmucha reallyknows.A’sareiconsofhonor.F’sarebadgesofdefeat.WeidealizeiconsandlookuptoheroessuchasGeorgeWashingtonorJohnGlenn.Yetweshouldn’tdiscounttheheroeswholaboroutsidethelimelight.Thosearethemenandwomenwhoquietlygoaboutthebusinessofraisingafamilyandtakingcareoftheirneighbors.

Themostadmirableareoneswhoinventtheirownsuccess.Theyknowhowtoseizethemomentandletthechipsfallwheretheymay.Theyknowthatthebestwaytomeasuresuccessisbylivingeachdaytothefullest.Truesuccessisgivingsomethingback.Andyoudon’thavetohavealotinthewallettoattainit.Therearemanypeople,youngandold,whogivebackbyservinginli cynsandsoupkitchens.Asmyfatherusedtosay:“Makesureyouleavetheworldabettercethanitwaswhenyouenteredit.Atleastcleanupafteryourself.”

Thebeginningoftheschoolyearisagoodtimetostartreorientingourselves.It’sagoodtimetoseeourfailuresinanewlight.

AfterThoreaudiedin1862,hismentor,RalphWaldoEmerson,lamentedthatHenryhadn’tblossomedintoagreatleaderofthenation.Hisbookswerelittleread,hisideasseemedskewed.Andyet,lessthan100yearslater,Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.pointedtoThoreau’sessayCivilDisobedienceasoneofthesparksthatignitedthecivilrightsmovementandprofoundlyshapedAmericansociety.

Notabadlegacyforafailure.

InthepassageHenryDavidThoreauisregarded .

asasuccessful

asaloaferinhislife

asafailuremanyfeelsorryabout

asa peoplescratchtheirheadsabout

Whenhewasyoung,HenryDavidThoreau .

aspiredtobeacivicleader

loafedinthewoodsonceinawhile

studiedinHarvardUniversity

showedthepotentialforbeingsuccessful

Intheopinionoftheauthor,whatkindofpeopleshouldbeadmiredmost?

Thosewhokeeponworkingtowardssuccess.

Thosewhohaveasmoothjourneytosuccess

Thosewhohavetheirownwaytosuccess

Thosewholeavealargelegacyofsuccess

Asateacher,theauthorwantsallhisstudentsto .

takethecurriculumofsuccess

seefailureinapositiveway

admireiconsofhonor

failaslittleaspossible

Accordingtothepassage,thecivilrightsmovementintheUnitedStatesisinawayattributableto .

GeorgeWashington’sideas

JohnGlenn’sideas

RalphWaldoEmerson’sideas

HenryDavidThoreau’sideasQuestions16—20

Afteradecades-longsearchforamanageablebalancebetweenmotherhoodandcareer,agroupofAmericanwomenhavefoundworkinacethatsoundslikeparadise.AttheMinneapolisheadquartersofBestBuy,anelectronicsretailer,almost2,000employeesareallowedtoturnupforworkwhentheylike—aslongastheirjobsgetdone.

Auniqueexperimentinflexibleworkhoursisattractinginternationalattentionasapossiblesolutiontooneofthemostfamiliardilemmasfacedbyemployersandtheirfemalework s:howdoyoumakejobsandfamiliescompatible?ForTraciTobias,36,amanagerinBestBuy’straveloffice,thetransformationofthe intoapioneerofflexibleworkingpracticeshasproducedoneincalculablebenefit:“Mykidshavestoppedsayingeverymorning,‘Mommy,Idon’twantyoutogotowork’.”

TheintroductionofwhatBestBuycallsa“resultsorientedworkenvironment”waspartlyintendedtoreverseatrendamongvaluedfemaleemployeeswhowereoptingforpart-timejobsasmorecompatiblewithfamilylife.ItisalsoaimedatcuttingtheworkerstressandexecutiveburnoutthatareincreasinglytroublingUScorporations.

Theprogrammegoesfarbeyondthevariablestartingandfinishinghoursofmanycompanies’so-calledflexitimeschedules.Itmeasuresworkerperformancenotbythehoursclockedatadesk,butbytheachievementof goals.

BestBuyofficialsacknowledgethattheirprogrammemaynotsuiteveryemployer,andthe hasexperiencedsignificanthiccupsinchangingacorporateculturethatcedapremiumonlongworkinghoursandalsacrifice.Ambitiousemployeeswhobelievedtheycouldgetaheadbyworkinglateattheirofficedesksarewonderingifanyonewillnoticetheireffort.

YettheresultsfromMinneapolishavebeenstriking.Afterphasingintheprogrammeoverthepastthreeyears,BestBuynowoffersalmosthalfitsemployeesthechancetoworktheirownhours.Notonlyhasworkerproductivityrisen,butarecentofficesurveyfoundthat98%ofthe’smanagersfavoredflexibleschedulesfortheirstaff.

Behindtheexperimentlietwocontradictorytrendsthatarecommoninmostwesternsocieties.Rapidadvancesincommunicationtechnologyhavemadeworkingfromhomeorontheroadaseasyasworkinginanoffice.

Atthesametime,surveyshaverepeatedlyfoundthattheUSwork spendsfartoomuchtimeintheoffice.Thenationalholidayaverageisonly14daysayear,andarecentstudybytheFamiliesandWorkInstitutediscoveredthat36%ofworkersdidnottakeallthetimeoffthatwasowingtothem,mainlybecausetheywereafraidtheiremployerswouldregardthemasinsufficientlydedicated.Othersurveyshavenotedthattheaverageworkerfrittersawaymorethantwohoursofhisdayontime-wastingactivitiessuchas alInternetsurfing,socializingwithotheremployeesandconductingalbusiness.

Accordingtothepassage,thebalancebetweenmotherhoodandcareer .

willsufferifthereisadivorce

canbeachieved,butatacost

involvesmakingalsacrifices

hasremainedunmanageableforages

WhatisthereformintroducedattheMinneapolisheadquartersofBestBuy?

Workhoursaremadeflexibleandresult-orientedenvironmentiscreated.

Femaleworkersareallowedtoworkathomeformuchoftheweek.

Moredomisgiventofemaleemployeestoquittheirjobsforfamily.

Workinghoursareshortenedandtime-orientedenvironmentisphasedout.

IntheBestBuyexperimentalprogramme,theworkers’performanceismeasuredby .

theamountoftheireffort

thequalityoftheirwork

thedevotiontotheirtask

theachievementoftheirgoal

Theword“hiccups”(para.5)isclosestinmeaningto .

advances

changes

problems

recessions

Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?

Americanemployeesworklonghourstomaintainlife.

Americanemployersarehardontheiremployees.

TheUnitedStatesisawork-orientedsociety.

PeopleintheUSoverworktoconductalbusiness.Questions21—25

Therightbusinessnameisimportant.Ifyouchoosethewrongone,youmightendupwithsomethingthatsendsallthewrongmessages.Tobesuccessful,yourbusinessnameneedstodefineyouridentityandsaywhat’sspecialaboutwhatyouareoffering.Thinkaboutthemarketyouwanttosellinto,andwhyyourcustomerwillprefertobuyYOURproductorserviceratherthansomeoneelse’s.Agoodbusinessnameisonethat lscustomerswhattoexpect.Forexample,EarlyLearningCentreappealstoparentsbecauseit lsthemthatthetoysitsellsareeducational.

Illi tenameshavecaughtoneverywhere,thatis,namesthatinvolvedelibera ymisspelledwords.Kwik-Fit,the

thatpromisestofitcarpartsspeedily,wasoneofthefirstintheUK.ThenamewasthebrainchildofKwik-Fit’schiefexecutive,who,asaschoolboy,earnedextrapocketmoneycleaningovens.HeadvertisedhimselfasKookersKleaned!Somepeoplegrumbleaboutthesemisspellings,arguing,forexample,thatchildrenwillcopythem,buteventhesepuristsdon’thesitatetobuyanicecreamfromPhunPhlavours!Thesemisspellingsworkbecausetheycatchtheeye.Thetroubleis,asmoreandmoreareinvented,theylosetheirimpact.

Butunusualnamesarenotalwaysthemosteffective.NameslikeTieRackorBodyShopwhichjustsaywhatyour isaboutcanworkjustaswell.Theyareshort,andtheyhaveanhonestno-nonsenseringtothem.Sometimesusingaalnamecanachievethesameeffect:

LauraAshleyprojectsagentleandelegantimagethatmakesthecustomerfeelcomfortableaboutbuyingthat’sproducts.

Considertootheimpactyournamewillhavewhenpeoplehearitorreadit.Whateffectdoesithavewhenspokenovertheephone?SnappyHappySnapsmaydescribeyourphotographicagency,butitsoundsridiculousoverthephone.Whenyourname

appearsinYellowPagesorsimilardirectories,usuallyamongstahundredothersofferingasimilarservice,youwantyourstobetheonethatcatchestheeye.Onetrickistoensurethatthefirstletterofyournameappearsearlyinthealphabet.AbusinessinFinlandcalleditselfbythemeaninglessnameQuello,simplybecausethereisnoletterQinFinnish,soQuellowastheonlyentryinthedirectoryunderthatletter!

Ifyoudealwithoverseascustomers,checkthatyournamewon’tcauseyouproblems.Agoodtranslationagencywillhelpyouavoidthetrapofchoosinganamethatmeanssomethingoffensiveinanotherlanguage.ThereisafamouscaseofastickdrantmanufacturedbyanAsian whohadselectedanamewhichmeantsomethingreallybadinEnglish.ThematterwasmadeworsebytheinstructionprintedonitinEnglish,whichread‘Pushupbottom’.

Accordingtothepassage,abusinessnameisagoodoneifit .

indentifiesyourmarketneeds

avoidsconfusionwithothercompanies

createsadifferentkindofimage

persuadespeopletouseyour

Whatdoesthewriterthinkofilli tenames?

Theyareusedsomuchthatpeopledon’tnoticethem.

Theyarebadbecausechildrenwilllearnwrongspellings.

Theyaregoodbecausepeoplefindthemamusing.

Theyfailtodescribetheserviceorproductaccura y.

Simpleanddirect names .

accuraydescribetheproduct.

givecomforttocustomers

appealto altaste

areeasytoremember.

Accordingtothepassage,youcanhelptomakeyour namestandoutby .

usinganinitialletterthatgetsyournameinthefrontofdirectories

makingsurethenameofyour hasanunusualletterinit

choosingashortnamethatpeoplecansayeasilyoverthephone

puttingyouradvertisementinseveraldifferentdirectories

Whatadvicedoesthewritergivetocompanieswhoselloverseas?

Provideatranslationofyour nameintoyourcustomer’slanguage.

Useagoodtranslationagencytotranslatetheproductinstructions.

Describeyourproductinsimplelanguagethataforeigncustomercanunderstand.

Makesurethatyour nameisnotrudeinanotherlanguage.Questions26—30

Youaregoingtoreadthreeextractswhichareallconcernedinsomewaywithdancing.Forquestions,choosetheanswer(A,B,CorD)whichyouthinkfitsbestaccordingtothetext.

Extract1

Maysawtheeofmyfirstfull-lengthnarrativeballet–TheBalletShoes–fortheLondonChildren’sBallet.Ihavetosay,Iwaswonderingifitwasgoingtocomeoffornot.Inthestudiotheweekbefore,Icouldseenothingexciting–noaction.Thedancingwascomingalongokaybutthechildren’sactingseemedstiffandcontrived.Well,that’sonelessonI’velearned–don’tworryaboutchildrenperforming.Oratleast,notuntiltheyreachasky/awkwardadolescencewhereself-criticismoverridesanyfun.No,assoonasthislotsetfootonthestage,thedancefloormightaswellhavebeenatrampoline.Theywerewellandtrulystage-struck,jumandwhirlingaroundlikecrazy.

Thankstotheeffortsoftoo-many-people-to-mention,theewentaccordington.Iwasn’treallyabletowatchitobjectivelythatnightbutwhenIcamebacktoseethelastshow–theseventhperformanceinfourdays,Iwasactuallysmilingalongwithmostoftheaudience.Ihavetoadmittohavingwateryeyesandaftertwenty-oddSundaysoflosingmyvoice,allwasforgottenandIwasveryproudof‘mychildren’!

WhatdoesthewritersuggestaboutthedancersinTheBalletShoes?

Theywerebetteractorsthandancers.

Theyweretooyoungtobeself-conscious.

Theylackedsufficiententhusiasmforballet.

Theylearntballettechniquesamazinglyquickly.

WhenwatchingthelastperformanceofTheBalletShoes,thewriter .

believedherhardworkhadbeenworthwhile

wassurprisedbythereactionoftheaudience

thoughtthattheshowhadgotbetterovernight

feltrelievedthatitwasalloverExtract2

OnTuesdayIwenttotheopeningnightofchoreog