2012年河南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解Ⅰ. VocabularyandGrammar(30points)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Thechairmanwasblamedforlettinghissecretary_____toomuchworklastweek.A.taketoB.takeoutC.takeawayD.takeon【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：董事長被指責(zé)上周讓他的秘書承擔(dān)了太多工作。takeon承擔(dān)。taketo喜歡；開始從事。takeout取出；去掉。takeaway帶走，拿走。2.Beingignorantofthelawisnotacceptedasa(n)_____forbreakingthelaw.A.excuseB.intentionC.optionD.approval【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：不懂法律不能作為違犯法律的借口。excuse借口。approval批準(zhǔn)；認(rèn)可。3.Itissaidinsomepartsoftheworld,goats,ratherthancows,serveasavital_____ofmilk.A.storageB.reserveC.resourceD.source【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：據(jù)說在世界上某些地方，奶的重要來源是山羊而不是奶牛。source來源。4.Toour_____,Geoffrey’sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswehadfeared.A.anxietyB.reliefC.viewD.judgment【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：讓人欣慰的是，杰弗里的病沒有我們害怕的那么嚴(yán)重。toone’srelief使人安心的是。5.Manypeoplelikewhitecolorasitisa_____ofpurity.A.symbolB.signC.signalD.symptom【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：許多人喜歡白色，因?yàn)榘咨羌儩嵉南笳鳌ign指人們公認(rèn)事物的記號、標(biāo)志，也可指某種情況的跡象。symbol指有象征意義的或表達(dá)某種深邃含義的特殊事物。signal指為某一目的而有意發(fā)出的信號、暗號。6.Thelureofsomethingfornothingasanidealingamblinghas_____criticismfromtheupright,honestpeopleofthesociety.A.evokedB.stirredC.spreadD.enhanced【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：賭博的理想是不勞而獲，這種誘惑引發(fā)了社會上正直、誠實(shí)的人們的批評。evoke引起，喚起。7.ThestudentsintheAdvancedTeachers’TrainingClassareaskedtovisitthenearbymiddleschoolsforthe_____oflessons.A.inspectionB.investigationC.observanceD.observation【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：高級教師培訓(xùn)班的學(xué)員被要求到附近的中學(xué)觀摩教學(xué)。inspection視察，檢查（有上級對下級的意味）。observance慣例；遵守。8.Hisirresponsiblebehaviorputthelivesofalltheworkersin_____.A.riskB.alarmC.hazardD.jeopardy【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：他不負(fù)責(zé)任的行為將所有的工人置于危險(xiǎn)之中。injeopardy處于危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)。risk與at搭配。9.FortunatelywhenIcollidedwiththatbigcar,thedamagetobothcarswasonly_____.A.smallB.minimalC.littleD.few【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：幸運(yùn)的是，當(dāng)我和那輛大車相撞時(shí)，兩輛車都只有輕微損壞。minimal指“極小的，極少的”，尤其是最小的程度或數(shù)量。10.Oneoftheproblemsourgovernmenthastodealwithisthe_____ofthegrowingnumberofplasticcontainers.A.dissolutionB.dispositionC.disappearanceD.disposal【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：我們政府需要解決的一個(gè)問題是如何處理日益增多的塑料容器。disposal丟棄，處理。dissolution溶解；（議會等的）解散。disposition處置；性情。11.You_____thatlettertoJames.However,youdidn’t.A.oughttowriteB.oughttohavewrittenC.shouldwriteD.shouldbewriting【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：你原本應(yīng)該寫信給詹姆斯，然而你并沒有寫。oughttohavewritten是虛擬語氣，表示本應(yīng)該做某事而沒做。12.Underthis_____pressuresomeoftherocksevenbecameliquid.A.intensiveB.weightyC.intenseD.bulky【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：在這種強(qiáng)壓下，一些巖石甚至變成了液體。intense強(qiáng)烈的。intensive加強(qiáng)的；集中的。weighty重的。bulky龐大的；笨重的。13.Itwasrequestedthatalloftheequipment_____intheagreedtime.A.erectedB.wouldbeerectedC.beerectedD.willbeerected【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：所有設(shè)備都被要求在約定時(shí)間建好。在表示建議、要求等的詞后，從句要用虛擬語氣“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。14.Wearewritingtothemanager_____therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.A.withreferencetoB.withthepurposeofC.withaviewtoD.withtheexception【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：我們正在給經(jīng)理寫信，內(nèi)容關(guān)于最近在上述地方進(jìn)行的修補(bǔ)。withreferenceto關(guān)于，有關(guān)。withthepurposeof目的是。withaviewto為了，目的是。withtheexceptionof除……以外。15.AspecialfeatureofeducationatMITistheopportunityforstudentsandfacultyto_____togetherinresearchactivities.A.involveB.participateC.specializeD.consist【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：麻省理工學(xué)院教育的一個(gè)突出特點(diǎn)是，為學(xué)生和全體教員提供了一起參加研究活動(dòng)的機(jī)會。participatein參加。16.Somepeoplearguethatthedeath_____doesnotnecessarilyreducethenumberofmurders.A.penaltyB.plotC.patternD.practice【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：有人認(rèn)為，死刑未必會減少謀殺的數(shù)量。deathpenalty死刑。17.Televisionwasnotinventedbyanyoneperson._____intobeingovernight.A.NorhasitsprungB.NordoesitspringC.NordiditspringD.Norcanitspring【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：電視并不是被某一個(gè)人所發(fā)明，也不是一夜之間就出現(xiàn)的。否定詞放于句首應(yīng)該用部分倒裝。18.Astudyshowsthatstudentslivinginnon-smokingdormsarelesslikelyto_____thehabitofsmoking.A.turnupB.pickupC.makeupD.drawup【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：研究表明，生活在無煙宿舍的學(xué)生不太可能養(yǎng)成吸煙的習(xí)慣。pickup撿起；不費(fèi)力地學(xué)會。turnup出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生。makeup組成；補(bǔ)足。drawup起草。19.Manypersonnelmanagerssayitisgettingharderandharderto_____honestapplicantsfromthegrowingnumberofdishonestones.A.dissolveB.disguiseC.discountD.distinguish【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：許多人事經(jīng)理說，越來越難將誠實(shí)的申請者與逐漸增多的不誠實(shí)申請者區(qū)分開。distinguish...from...把……跟……區(qū)分開來。dissolve使溶解；使分解。disguise掩飾；假裝。discount打折扣；低估。20.TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywouldnothave_____suppliesofpetroleum.A.proficientB.efficientC.potentialD.sufficient【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：歐盟成員國一度擔(dān)心他們沒有足夠的石油供應(yīng)。sufficient足夠的；充分的。proficient熟練的，精通的。efficient有效率的；有能力的。21.Somepeoplebelievethatsinceoilisscarce,the_____ofthemotorindustryisuncertain.A.terminalB.benefitC.fateD.estimate【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：有些人認(rèn)為，由于石油十分短缺，汽車制造業(yè)的前景無法確定。terminal末端；終點(diǎn)。22.Duringtheprocess,greatcarehastobetakentoprotectthe_____silkfromdamage.A.sensitiveB.tenderC.delicateD.sensible【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：在這個(gè)過程中，人們十分注意保護(hù)精美的絲綢不受損害。delicate微妙的；精美的。sensitive敏感的。tender溫柔的；柔軟的。sensible明智的；通情達(dá)理的。23.Wearequitesurethatwecan_____ourpresentdifficultiesandfinishthetaskaccordingtoschedule.A.getacrossB.getoverC.getawayD.getoff【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我們十分確定我們可以克服當(dāng)前困難，按期完成任務(wù)。getover克服；恢復(fù)。getacross通過；使……被理解。getaway離開；逃脫。getoff動(dòng)身；免于受罰。24.Theoldpapermillhasbeen_____tomakewayforanewshoppingcentre.A.cutdownB.keptdownC.torndownD.helddown【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：為了給新購物中心騰出地方，這座舊造紙廠已經(jīng)被拆除。teardown拆除；拆毀。cutdown削減；砍倒。keepdown控制；鎮(zhèn)壓。holddown抑制；壓制。25.Inmyopinion,he’s_____themostimaginativeofallthecontemporarypoets.A.inallB.atbestC.forallD.byfar【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：在我看來，他是當(dāng)代最有想象力的詩人。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有byfar可以放在最高級前作程度副詞。forall盡管；雖然。26.Whatalovelyparty!It’sworth_____allmylife.A.rememberingB.torememberC.toberememberedD.beingremembered【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：真是一次令人愉快的聚會！我一輩子都會記住它。worth后面可以接動(dòng)名詞，須用主動(dòng)形式來表示被動(dòng)含義。27.Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno_____togotothepartywithus.A.moodB.emotionC.senseD.taste【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：工作一整天后，他十分疲憊，沒心情跟我們一起去聚會。innomood沒有心情。28.It’sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactually_____fromtheBible.A.acquireB.deriveC.resultD.obtain【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：很多流行的英語表達(dá)實(shí)際上出于圣經(jīng)，知道這一事實(shí)很有趣。derivefrom源出，來自。29.Accordingtothekeywitness,apeculiarlybignoseisthecriminal’smostmemorablefacial_____.A.featureB.signatureC.hintD.spot【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：主要目擊者稱，鼻子很大是罪犯最令人難忘的面部特征。signature署名；簽名。facialfeature面部特征。30.Researchshowsthatthereisno_____relationshipbetweenhowmuchapersonearnsandwhetherhefeelsgoodaboutlife.A.successiveB.sincereC.significantD.subsequent【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：研究表明，一個(gè)人賺多少錢與其是否對生活滿意之間沒有明顯的關(guān)系。subsequent后來的，隨后的。successive連續(xù)的；繼承的。Ⅱ. ReadingComprehension(40points)Section1(20points)Directions:Thereare2passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageATheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild’spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby’sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelievethis.Buttherearealsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexample,wesawearlierthatamongtheNgonithefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone—farfromit.Secondly,commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotsowidespreadtodayifparents,caretakersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarriedout,andeveniftheywere,theresultswouldbecertaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial.Thirdly,inthelastdecade,therehavebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycare,andtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren’sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadtobeusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettletheissue.ButBowlby’sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto,say,morementalillnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedly,whymoreandmorepatentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.Thematter,then,isfarfromclear-cut,thoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.1.Thispassagemainlycenterson_____.A.infantsundertheageofthreeshouldnotbesenttonurseryschoolsB.whetherchildrenundertheageofthreeshouldgotonurseryschoolsC.thereisnotnegativelong-termeffectoninfantswhoaresenttoschoolbeforetheyarethreeD.thereissomenegativeeffectonchildrenwhoaresenttoschoolaftertheageofthree2.Thephrase“predisposeto”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans_____.A.relieveB.influencefavorablyC.disposeofD.tendtosuffer3.AccordingtoBowlby’sbelief,itisquitepossiblethat_____.A.men’spersonalitieswillbechangedtosomeextentthroughseparationfromtheirparentsB.earlydaycarecandelaytheoccurrenceofmentalillnessinchildrenC.childrenwillbeexposedtopotentialnegativeeffectsfromearlydaycarelateronD.somelong-termeffectscanhardlybepredicted4.ThosewhoareagainsttheconclusiondrawnfromBowlbythinkthat_____.A.traditionalsocietiesseparatethechildfromtheparentatanearlyageB.daycaredoesnotnecessarilyhaveanegativeeffectonchildrenC.achilddidnotlivetogetherwithparentsamongNgoniD.childrendoemotionalproblemswhenseparatedfromparents5.Thewriterconcludesthat_____.A.itisdifficulttomakeclearwhatistherightagefornurseryschoolB.itisnotsettlednowwhetherearlycareisreasonableforchildrenC.itisnotbeneficialforchildrentobesenttonurseryschoolD.itisreasonabletosubjectachildabovethreetonurseryschool【答案與解析】1.B 第一段提出，有的人認(rèn)為“...childrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthree”，后面說到也有一些反對這一結(jié)論的觀點(diǎn)，后文針對這一話題進(jìn)行了討論。2.D 根據(jù)賓語“emotionalproblems”即可知句意，這些孩子們在今后的生活中容易遇到情感問題。3.C 由最后一段“ButBowlby’sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects”可知，“earlydaycare”的影響會延遲。4.A 由第二段“...theinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties”可知，反對第一段結(jié)論的人認(rèn)為，在傳統(tǒng)社會中，孩子與父母很早就分開。5.D 最后一段作者的結(jié)論為“...experienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.”，也就是把三歲以上的孩子送到托兒所是合理的。PassageBGettingreadytogobacktoschoolinthegoodolddaysof,say,1998meantafewtripstothemallandaquickcheckofthebusroute.Thisyear,formanypatents,therearesomenewthingstoremember:Theteacher’se-mailaddress,theschool’swebsiteandwhichnightonlinehomeworkhelpschatwillbeoffered.“The1999-2000schoolyearwillbetheonewhenthemajorityofparentsreallyfeeltheInternet’sinfluenceontheirchildren’seducationeverydaylevel,”saysJonathanCarson,chairmanoftheFamilyEducationCo.,whichoffersaparentingwebsiteatwww.familyandaframeworkforlocalschoolstocreateandmaintaintheirownsites.Thisyearpromisestoshowaquantumleapinthespreadofschooltechnology:Parentsinmanydistrictscanexpecttobeabletochecktheschoollunchmenu,readclassnotes,seeactivitycalendarandviewnightlyhomeworkassignments—allonline.“Theschoolsarewired.”saysCarson.“Amajorityofparentsnowhaveaccessandtheeducatorsarereadytogo.”O(jiān)verthesummer,parentsofhighschoolGermanstudentsinIthaca,N.Y.gottobepartofaclasstoEurope,throughtheirhomecomputers.TheclassbroughtadigitalcameraandlaptopwiththemtoGermanyanddocumentedtheirvisitontheirwebpage.HazyAsh,fatherof16-year-oldtravelerBrian,founditreassuringtoseehisson’ssmilingfacefromhalfaworldaway.Beforetheirkidsleft,parentshadchokedthesiteforschedulinginformation,alistofactivitiesandadviceonculturaldifferences.Whenit’sdesignedwell,adistrict,schoolorclassroomwebsitecanchangetherelationshipbetweentheparentsandtheschool,saysCynthiaLapier,Ithaca’sdirectorofinformationandinstructionaltechnology.“Themoreyoucaninvolveparentsinschool,thebetter,”Lapiersays.“Thetechnologygivesusanotherwaytoreachthem,especiallyparentsofsecondaryschoolstudents,whotendtobelessinvolved.”Ithacahighschoolphysicsteacher,SteverWirt,getse-mailfromparentsregularly,somefromtheparentshebelievesmightotherwisenotpickupthephonewithaconcern.Usingreviewingforaquizordiscussinghomeworkproblems.Thewaythingsaregoing,bytheendofthisyear,manyparentsmaybefullyconverted-andinfactdependentupontheirschools’technologicalcapabilities.AtarecentlywiredschoolinNovi,Michigan,theschoolwebmasterwasjustafewhourslatepostingthelunch-menucalendaronthewebsite.Inthattime,morethanadozenparentscalledhimbytelephonetorequesttheinformation.“Ayearago,itneverwouldhavebeenthere,“saysCarson.Andnowpatentsarefindingit’stoughtogetbywithoutit.6.Manyparentsnowremembertheteacher’se-mailaddressandtheschool’swebsitebecause_____.A.bydoingsotheyneedn’tgotothestoretobuystationeryfortheirchildrenB.theycanreachtheirchildren’sschoolandtheteacherswithouttravelingthereC.thee-mailandthewebsitecanhelpthemfindoutwhattheirchildrendoD.theycanobservehowtheInternetaffecttheirchildren’seducationeveryday7.“Theschoolsarewired.Amajorityofparentsnowhaveaccessandtheeducatorsarereadytogo.”(Para.2)meansthat_____.A.theschoolsandpaintsareconnectedbytheIntentsothatteacherswillleaveschoolB.parentscanfindoutwhathappenstotheirchildreninschoolbyvisitingInternetC.parentsandeducatorsmaydiscoverthatschoolsarestrangebyusingcomputersD.theschoolsareonlineandparentsnowcanteachtheirchildrenandtheteachersaretogo8.TheexampleofIthacahighschoolisusedtoshow_____.A.howimportanttheschoolwebsiteisforparentstobeinvolvedineducationB.thattheschoolonlinecanreassuretheparentsaboutwhattheirchildrendoC.howtheparentsofthestudentsgottobepartofaclasstriptoEuropeD.itismorelikelyforparentstosendteacherse-mailsthantophonethem9.Accordingtothelastparagraph,theattitudeofparentstowardsthelunch-menucalendaronthewebsiteis_____.A.reliantB.optimisticC.biasedD.opposite10.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingwillbechangedmost?A.Therelationshipbetweenteachersandschools.B.Theconnectionbetweenstudentsandschools.C.Therelationshipbetweenparentsandschools.D.Theassociationbetweenwebsitesandschools.【答案與解析】6.C 根據(jù)第二段第二句“Parents...checktheschoollunchmenu,readclassnotes,seeactivitycalendarandviewnightlyhomeworkassignments-allonline.”可知，網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以幫助家長了解學(xué)生在學(xué)校各方面的情況，掌握相關(guān)的信息。7.B 這句話表明網(wǎng)絡(luò)為學(xué)校、教師和家長提供了利用現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的便利條件。8.A 第三段中“...parentsofhighschool...gottobepartofaclasstoEurope,throughtheirhomecomputers”說明了網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)在教育中起到越來越重要的作用，信息技術(shù)可以促使一切因素參與學(xué)校教育。9.A 由最后一段“Andnowpatentsarefindingit’stoughtogetbywithoutit.”可知，家長已經(jīng)離不開學(xué)校提供的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)了。10.C 根據(jù)第四段“Whenit’sdesignedwell,adistrict,schoolorclassroomwebsitecanchangetherelationshipbetweentheparentandtheschool”可知，如果一個(gè)地區(qū)、學(xué)?；蚪淌业木W(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)得好，便會改善家長與學(xué)校之間的關(guān)系。Section2Answeringquestions(20’)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandthenanswerINCOMPLETESENTENCESthequestionswhichfolloweachpassage.Useonlyinformationfromthepassageyouhavejustreadandwriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyouranswersheet.Questions1-3:GeorgeWashingtonCarvershowedthatplantlifewasmorethanjustfoodforanimalsandhumans.Carver’sfirststepwastoanalyzeplantpartstofindoutwhattheyweremadeof.Hethencombinedthesesimplerisolatedsubstanceswithothersubstancestocreatenewproducts.Thebranchofchemistrythatstudiesandfindswaystouserawmaterialsfromfarmproductstomakeindustrialproductsiscalledchemurgy.Carverwasoneofthefirstandgreatestchemurgistsofalltime.Todaythescienceofchemurgyisbetterknownasthescienceofsynthetics.Eachdaypeopledependonandusesyntheticmaterialsmadefromrawmaterials.AllhislifeCarverbattledagainstthedisposalofwastematerials,andwarnedofthegrowingneedtodevelopsubstitutesforthenaturalsubstancesbeingusedupbyhumans.Carvernevercaredaboutgettingcreditforthenewproductshecreated,lienevertriedtopatenthisdiscoveriesorgetwealthyformthem.HeturneddownmanyofferstoleaveTuskegeeInstitutetobecomearichscientistinprivateindustry.ThomasEdison,inventoroftheelectriclight,offeredhimalaboratoryinDetroittocarryoutfoodresearchwhentheUnitedStatesgovernmentmadehimacollaboratorintheMycologyandPlantDiseaseSurveyoftheDepartmentofAgriculture.Heacceptedthepositionwiththeunderstandingthathewouldn’thavetoleaveTuskegee,Anauthorityonplantdisease—especiallyofthefungusvariety-CarversenthundredsofspecimenstotheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture.Atthepeakofhiscareer,Carver’sfameandinfluencewereknownoneverycontinent.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,giveadefinitionofchemurgy.3.WhatisthemainconcernofCarverallhislife?【答案與解析】1.TheworkandcareerofGeorgeWashingtonCarver,agreatchemurgist.（從文章的第一句“GeorgeWashingtonCarvershowedthatplantlifewasmorethanjustfoodforanimalsandhumans”和最后一句“Atthepeakofhiscareer,Carver’sfameandinfluencewereknownoneverycontinent”以及全文的內(nèi)容可看出，全文是在介紹Carver在植物方面的研究對世界所產(chǎn)生的影響。）2.Chemurgyisthedevelopmentofindustrialproductsfromfarmproducts.（第二段第一句對chemurgy的定義為“Thebranchofchemistrythatstudiesandfindswaystouserawmaterialsfromfarmproductstomakeindustrialproductsiscalledchemurgy.”）3.Themainconcernofhimisthedisposalofwastematerials.（由第二段最后一句“AllhislifeCarverbattledagainstthedisposalofwastematerials,andwarnedofthegrowingneedto…”可知，卡弗一生中最擔(dān)心的是垃圾的處理。）Questions4-5:Inoneverylongsentence,theintroductiontotheU.N.CharterexpressestheidealsandthecommonaimsofallthepeopleswhosegovernmentsjoinedtogethertoformtheU.N.“WethepeoplesoftheU.N.determinedtosavesucceedinggenerationsfromthescourgeofwar,whichtwiceinourlifetimehasbroughtuntoldsufferingtomankind,andtoreaffirmfaithinfundamentalrights,inthedignityandworthofthehumanperson,intheequalrightsofmenandwomenandofnationslargeandsmall,andtoestablishconditionsunderwhichjusticeandrespectfortheobligationsarisingfromtreatiesandothersourcesofinternationallawcanhementioned,andtopromotesocialprogressandbetterstandardsoflifeinlargerfreedom,andforthoseends,topractisetoleranceandlivetogetherinpeacewithoneanotherasgoodneighbors,andtouniteourstrengthtomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity,andtoensure,bytheacceptanceofprinciplesandtheinstitutionofmethods,thatarmedforceshallnotbeused,saveinthecommoninterest,andtoemployinternationalmachineryforthepromotionofeconomicandsocialadvancementofallpeople,haveresolvedtocombineoureffortstoaccomplishtheseaims”.Thename“UnitedNations”isaccreditedtoU.SPresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt,andthefirstgroupofrepresentativesofmemberstatesmetandsignedadeclarationofcommonintentonNewYear’sDayin1942,Representativesoffivepowersworkedtogethertodrawupproposals,completedatDumbartonOaksin1944.TheseproposalsmodifiedafterdeliberationattheconferenceofInternationalOrganizationinSanFranciscowhichbeganinApril1945,werefinallyagreedonandsignedastheU.N.Charterby50countrieson26June1945.Poland,notrepresentedattheconference,signedtheCharterlaterandwasaddedtothelistoforiginalmembers.Itwasnotuntilthatautumn,however,aftertheCharterhadbeenratifiedbyChina,France,theU.S.S.R.,theU.K.andtheU.S.andbyamajorityoftheotherparticipantsthatU.N.officiallycameintoexistence.Thedatewas24October,nowuniversallycelebratedasUnitedNation’sDay.TheessentialfunctionsoftheU.Naretomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity,todevelopfriendlyrelationsamongnations,tocooperateinternationallyinsolvinginternationaleconomic,social,culturalandhumanproblems,promotingrespectforhumanrightsandfundamentalfreedomsandtobeacentreforco-coordinatingtheactionsofnationsinattainingthesecommonends.NocountrytakesprecedenceoveranotherintheU.N.Eachmember’srightsandobligationsarethesame.Allmustcontributetopeacefulsettlementofinternationaldisputes,andmembershavepledgedtorefrainfromthethreatoruseofforceagainstotherstates.ThoughtheU.N.hasnorighttointerveneinanystate’sinternalaffairs,ittriestoensurethatnon-memberstatesactaccordingtoitsprinciplesofinternationalpeaceandsecurity.U.N.membermustofferassistanceinanapprovedU.N.actionandinnowayassiststatesagainstwhichtheU.N.istakingpreventiveorenforcementaction.4.SummarizetheaimoftheU.N.5.HowdoesU.N.dealwithacountry’sdomesticpolicies?【答案與解析】4.TheaimoftheUNistoensurethefundamentalrightsofpeopleandpromotesocialprogress.（第二段引用聯(lián)合國憲章的句子表明了聯(lián)合國的目標(biāo)，包括保障人們的基本權(quán)利、團(tuán)結(jié)各個(gè)國家、促進(jìn)社會發(fā)展等。）5.UNdoesnotinterveneinacountry’sdomesticaffairsandittriestoensureacountryactaccordingtoitsprinciples.（由最后一段“ThoughtheU.N.hasnorighttointerveneinanystate’sinternalaffairs,ittriestoensurethatnon-memberstatesactaccordingtoitsprinciplesofinternationalpeaceandsecurity.”可知，聯(lián)合國物權(quán)干涉一個(gè)國家的內(nèi)政，只能盡力確保非成員國按照其國際和平與安全的原則行事。）Ⅲ. Writing(30’)Througho