Unit5

Whataretheshirtsmadeof?Grammar被動(dòng)語態(tài)（一）語態(tài)：英語的語態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：ManypeoplespeakChinese.謂語：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語manypeople來執(zhí)行的。被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對象。例如：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主語English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。（二）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的?，F(xiàn)以speak為例說明被動(dòng)語態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am／is／are＋spoken一般過去時(shí)：was／were＋spoken一般將來時(shí)：will／shallbe＋spoken現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am／is／arebeing＋spoken過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/werebeing＋spoken現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have／hasbeen＋spoken過去完成時(shí)：hadbeen+spoken（三）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道是誰偷的）Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.這本書是他寫的。Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。(四)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法（1）把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。（2）把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be＋過去分詞）（根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式）。（3）把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.→Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdownatree.→Atreewascutdownbyhim.（五）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空.

1.English________(speak)inmanycountries.

2.Informationinshort-termmemory________(can,not,keep)verylong.

3.Afterthat,oneofthelights_______(turnoff)andtherathadtowaitforashorttime.

4.Justafewyearsago,tomatoes_______(believe)tohavemagicalpowers,makingpeoplewhoatethemfallinlove.

5.Itissaidnewcopiesofthebook_______(print)now.

6.Theoldhouse_______(pull)downnextmonth.

7.Intheolddays,thechildren_______(takecareof)bythemotherbecauseshedidnotworkoutsidethehouse.

8.Needlesstosay,thesecondlistofwords___(can,remember)moreeasilythanthefirstone.

9.She_______(send)toanothervillagewhenIgotthere.

10.Theteachersaidthatwe_________(give)anotherchancesometimenextmonthifwefailedintheexam.

Exercises:Thekeys:isspoken2.cannotbekept3.wasturnedoff4.werebelieved5.arebeingprinted6.willbepulled7.weretakencareof8.canberemembered9.hadb