SectionⅢ

DiscoveringUsefulStructures語言基礎(chǔ)集釋語法專項突破每/日/金/句：Thereisnoloveindisaster,butwehaveloveinhumanshearts.災(zāi)難無情，人有情。語言基礎(chǔ)集釋1（教材P52）Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.向災(zāi)區(qū)提供的物資是從全國各地收集來的?！騭upply

n．供應(yīng)（量）；補給；[pl.]補給品vt.供應(yīng)；供給（1）inshortsupply

供應(yīng)短缺/供應(yīng)不足 haveagoodsupplyof...

備有許多…… school/medicalsupplies

學(xué)校用品/醫(yī)療用品[佳句]

Itisbelievedthatthereisagoodsupplyoffreshwater.人們認(rèn)為淡水供應(yīng)很充足。[練通]——單句語法填空①I'dliketoknowthereasonwhythemilkis

shortsupplyinthisareanow.②Weshouldeatfreshvegetablesandfruiteveryday,whichsupplyrichandnecessaryvitamins

us.into[寫美]——一句多譯這本書會為你提供你所需要的信息。③Thebookwill

（that/which）

youneed.④Thebookwill

．supplyyouwiththeinformationsupplytheinformation(that/which)youneedtoyou2（教材P52）She'sfeedingthebabywhosurvivedtheearthquake.她正在喂那個從地震中幸存的嬰兒。◎survive

vi.生存；存活

vt.幸存；艱難度過（1）AsurviveB（by...） A比B活得長…… surviveon 依靠……生存下來 survivefrom 從……存活下來，流傳下來（2）survivorn. 幸存者 survivaln. [U]幸存；[C]殘存物[佳句]

Hesurvivedthedifficultiesatthebeginningofhislife,andfinallyachievedsuccessthroughhisownefforts.他挺過了早期生活中的困難，

最終，

通過自己的努力獲得成功。[練通]——單句語法填空①

Idon'tknowhowyoucansurvive

solittlemoney.②Hediedin1940,buthiswifesurvivedhim

another20years.③Laterallthe

（survive）wererescuedincludingTom'swife.[寫美]——應(yīng)用文佳句④有些傳統(tǒng)的風(fēng)俗是從早期遺留下來的。Sometraditionalcustoms

．onbysurvivorshavesurvivedfromearliertimes語法專項突破限制性定語從句（1）[自主感知]1．Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethat/whichevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.2．Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatwerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400，000.3．Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.4．Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.5．Theman（whom/who/that）

IhavetophonelivesinCanada.[自我發(fā)現(xiàn)]1．以上定語從句由關(guān)系代詞________________________引導(dǎo)，修飾名詞或代詞，置于被修飾詞的后面。2．關(guān)系代詞which，that，who在定語從句中可以作

；關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作

。who,which,that,whose，hom主語或賓語定語[語法規(guī)則]一、定義

1．在主從復(fù)合句中，對某一名詞或代詞起修飾作用的從句叫作定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫作關(guān)系詞。2．關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞（that，which，who，whom，whose，as）和關(guān)系副詞（when，where，why）兩類。二、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法

1．who指人，在定語從句中可以作主語、賓語或表語。Thechildrenwhowereinjuredinacaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.在車禍中受傷的孩子們現(xiàn)在正在醫(yī)院接受治療。（作主語）Dannywasamanwhowerescuedfromtheruins.丹尼是我們從廢墟中救出來的一個人。（作賓語）2．whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，可以省略，也可以用who或that代替。Theboy（whom/who/that）

theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老師經(jīng)常表揚的那個男孩是他們的班長。（作賓語）3．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所屬”關(guān)系，在定語從句中作定語。Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.任何由于家境貧寒而上不起學(xué)的學(xué)生都可以得到政府的幫助。（修飾人）Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。（修飾物）[即時演練1]——用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空①[2021·天津3月卷]AsaChinese

isparticularlyinterestedintravelling,Iwouldliketointroducemyfavoritecity—Beijing.②Those

wanttoseethefilmsetdownyournames,please.③Ilikethosebooks

topicsareabouthistory.④MyfavoriteoneismyChineseteacher______________

ImetwhenIwasinjuniorschool.⑤Thestorybeganwithayoungmother

hadthreesonsinabigcity.whowhowhosewhom/who/thatwho4．which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可以省略。Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中國是一個有悠久歷史的國家。（作主語）Theradio（which）

heboughtyesterdaydoesn'twork.他昨天買的收音機壞了。（作賓語）ThisisthehouseinwhichIoncelived.這是我曾經(jīng)住過的房子。（作介詞in的賓語）5．that既可以指人，也可以指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時可省略。習(xí)慣上指人多用who、whom，指物多用which。Thisisthenovelthatinterestsme.這就是讓我感興趣的那本小說。（指物，作主語）Themagazine（that）

Iboughtyesterdayislost.我昨天買的那本雜志丟了。（指物，作賓語）Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達(dá)100萬。（that指人，作主語）[點津]關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語或表語，因此定語從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。昨天晚上我們看的那部電影非常嚇人。[誤]Thefilm（that/which）

wesawitlastnightisveryfrightening.[正]Thefilm（that/which）

wesawlastnightisveryfrightening.[即時演練2]——用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空①Look,herearesomepeople

Iwantyoutomeet.②Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm

wevisitedthreemonthsago?③Thepicture

wasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.④IwillsendyouaChinese--Englishbook

containssomeknowledgeaboutChinesecalligraphy.who/whom/thatthat/whichwhich/thatwhich/that三、關(guān)系代詞只能用that而不用which的情況

1．當(dāng)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,anything,much等不定代詞時。Shelistenscarefullyandtriestounderstandeverythingthattheteachersaysinclass.她聽得很仔細(xì)，

努力學(xué)會老師在課上講授的所有內(nèi)容。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。2．當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。ItisthefirstWinterOlympicsthatwillbeheldinChina.這是第一屆將在中國舉辦的冬季奧運會。Thisisthemostdeliciousfood（that）

Ihaveeverhad.這是我吃過的最美味可口的食物。3．當(dāng)先行詞被all、

every、

no、

theonly、

thevery、

thelast等修飾時。①I'vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.所有那些不屬于我的書我都已經(jīng)讀完了。②Theonlything（that）

shecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。③Da