汕頭市潮南重點(diǎn)學(xué)校2023-2024學(xué)年度（上）

入學(xué)測(cè)評(píng)高三年級(jí)英語(yǔ)科試題考試范圍：原則性必修一^至選擇性必修四

（時(shí)間：120分鐘分值：120分 命題人：陳明哲）注意事項(xiàng)：.答題前填寫(xiě)好自己的姓名、班級(jí)、考號(hào)等信息.請(qǐng)將答案正確填寫(xiě)在答題卡上一、完形填空OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave1thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her2camebecauseshewascarryinga3acrossthefinishline.Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher4whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She5tohelpherfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith6 .Shecouldn't.Baileythen7toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget8attention.Oncethere,Lenouewas9andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme10tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey'shelp.AsforBailey,sheismore11aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig12 ,“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn't 13her,“Baileytoldthereporter.feellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing.”Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe14 ,they'vesincebecomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthe15ofhumankindnesswontheday.1.A.designedB.followedC.changedD.finished2.A.delayB.chanceC.troubleD.excuse3.A.judgeB.volunteerC.classmateD.competitor4.A.raceB.schoolC,townD.training5.A.agreedB.returnedC,stoppedD.promised6.A.courageB.aidC,patienceD.advice7.A.wentawayB.stoodupC.steppedasideD.bentdown8.A.medicalB.publicC.constantD.equal9.A.interruptedB?assessedC,identifiedD.appreciated10.A.hungerB.painC.coldD.tiredness11.A.worriedB.ashamedC.confusedD.discouraged12.A.gameB.problemC.lessonD.deal13.A.leaveB,cureC.botherD.understand14.A.rideB.testC,meetD.show15.A.secretB,displayC.benefitD.exchange二、閱讀理解ABikeRental&GuidedToursWelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake（剎車(chē)），bikeswithhandbrakeandgears（排擋），bikeswithchildseats,andchildren'sbikes.PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day（24hours）€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount. B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.C.Itorganizesfreecycletours. D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A.€15.75. B.€19.50. C.€22.75. D.€29.50.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyer,Windmill. B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery. D.DamSquare.BWhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria終田菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge（污泥）.First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewageC虧水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina."Ecologicaldesign“isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes."LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor/9hesays."Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhafshappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?Naturecanrepairitself.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn^inventionB.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightforyou.Todoso,1dividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I'llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I'lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You'llheartheseparticipants,storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate（培養(yǎng)）asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude（獨(dú)處）andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills. B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems. D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter“inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over..Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A. Theoreticalmodels. B. Statisticalmethods.C. Practicalexamples. D. Historicalanalyses.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A. Usethemasneeded. B. Recommendthemtofriends.C. Evaluatetheireffects. D. Identifytheideasbehind them.DOnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds“effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.WhenenoughoftheseeiTorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist（轉(zhuǎn)折）onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominant

response.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether”.Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.A.Themethodsofestimation.C.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.C.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.28.A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent28.A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependentNavajas9studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenifWhatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas,studies?A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.PersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon'tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr（犯1錯(cuò)）ishuman.31Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading"Personalstrengths.32Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon'thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou'reproudof.Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.^^Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou'vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.33Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.34Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don'twaituntilyou'vemadeamistaketotrythis-it'sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.It'ssomethingofacliche（陳詞濫調(diào)）thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,ifstrue.35We'reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.It'sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat'shappenedorforgetit.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn'tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,36(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether37(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出)， 38toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.Shanghaimaybethe39(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolongBao'sbirthplace.Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently-moredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressed40handratherthanrolled.Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem41(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof42(they)contents.Themeatshouldbefreshwith43touchofsweetnessandthesouphot,clearanddelicious.NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris44(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft45(want)morenexttime.五、建議信46.假定你是李華，外教Ryan準(zhǔn)備將學(xué)生隨機(jī)分為兩人一組，讓大家課后練習(xí)口語(yǔ)，你認(rèn)為這樣分組存在問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)你給外教寫(xiě)一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.說(shuō)明問(wèn)題；2.提出建議。注意：1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearRyan,I'mLiHuafromClass3.Yourssincerely,LiHua六、讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)WhenIwasinmiddleschool,mysocialstudiesteacheraskedmetoenterawritingcontest.Isaidnowithoutthinking.Ididnotlov