2023年考博英語（高等院校招生）2010-2022歷年真題選編帶答案難題含解析（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）第1卷一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版(共75題)1.Atrap______disguiseiswhathascometobecalledaTrojanHorse,fromtheancientstoryofthegiftofthewoodenhorsefromtheGreeks.A.offeredasagiftinB.offersagiftinC.offeringagifttoD.offeredagiftof2.Duringhistwo-monthstayinChina,Tomnever______achancetopracticehisChinese.A.passedonB.passedupC.passedbyD.passedout3.Nooneexpectedhimto______againsthisformeremployer.A.deaderB.testifyC.certifyD.allege4.Itistruethat______awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.A.multiplyingB.breedingC.magnifyingD.generating5.Asweknow,computersareusedtostoreand______informationefficiently.A.reclaimB.reconcileC.reassureD.retrieve6.Oneofhiseyeswasinjuredinanaccident,butaftera______operation,hequicklyrecoveredhissight.A.delicateB.considerateC.preciseD.sensitive7.Itiseasytocomplicatethings,toindulgein"somethingtodo"or"somethingtothinkabout"insteadofstillingthemonkey-mind,findingthefutilityofcontrivedactionwhichleadsonlytoseparation,hardness,ethics,self-righteousness,andultimatestrife.A.fluxB.paradoxC.conformityD.uselessness8.AccordingtotheGeneva______noprisonersofwarshallbesubjecttoabuse.A.CustomsB.CongressesC.ConventionsD.Routines9.Thegovernmentdecidedtotakea______actiontostrengthenthemarketmanagement.A.diverseB.durableC.epidemicD.drastic10.(Hardlyhehad)entered(theoffice)whenherealized(thathe)(hadforgotten)hiswallet.A.Hardlyhehad

B.theoffice

C.thathe

D.hadforgotten11.中國(guó)是世界文明的發(fā)源地之一，有五千年的文明史。在中國(guó)古代思想史上，涌現(xiàn)出了許許多多杰出的思想家，為中華民族乃至整個(gè)人類留下了豐富的思想遺產(chǎn)。這些思想成果獨(dú)樹一幟，在漫長(zhǎng)的歷史中又不斷地被闡釋、被發(fā)展，很多思想對(duì)于今天的中國(guó)乃至世界而言，仍然歷久彌新，極具生命力。比如，儒家學(xué)派創(chuàng)始人孔子“仁”的理念、“和”的思想，不僅在當(dāng)代中國(guó)，在其他亞洲國(guó)家也一直備受推崇。12.Afewyearsago,therichworld'sworryabouteconomicinteractionwithdevelopingcountrieswasthatthepoorcouldnotprofitfromit.SounbalancedwerethetermsofexchangebetweentheNorth'smightyindustriesandtheSouth'sweaklingsweatshopsthattradebetweenthetwocouldbenothingmorethanexploitationoftheonebytheother;farfromhelpingthepoorcountries,globalintegrationwouldactuallydeepentheirpoverty.Thisfearhasnowgivenwaytoapessimismthatisequalandopposite--namely,thattradewiththedevelopingworldwillimpoverishtoday'srichcountries.

Thisnewfearismoredangerousthan-theoldone.Theearlierscaretacitlyaffirmedthatthe,industrialcountrieswouldsufferiftheycutheirlinkswiththethirdworld.Startingfromthere,campaigningintheNorthtorestricttradewithdevelopingcountrieswasgoingtobeanuphillstruggle.Thosewhoopposedeepereconomicintegrationnowhaveabetterplatform.Vitalinterestsobligetherichcountriestoprotecttheirindustriesfromthenewcompetition.Unlikeitspredecessor,thisideamaysell.

Thenewfear,liketheoldone,expressestheconvictionthatgrowthinonepartoftheworldmustsomehowcomeattheexpenseofanother.Thisisadeeplyrootedprejudice,andplainlywrong.Verynearlyalloftheworldismoreprosperousnowthanitwas30yearsago.Growthhasbeenastoryofmutualadvance.

Lendingusefulsupporttothisfirsterrorisasecond--theideathatthereisonlysomuchworktogoround.Ifnewtechnologiesmakesomejobsobsolete,orifanincreaseinthesupplyofcheapimportsmakesotherjobsuneconomic,theresultmustbeapermanentriseinunemployment.Again,onamoment'sreflection,thisiswrong.

Atthecoreofbotherrorsisblindnesstotheadaptivepowerofamarketeconomy.13.Municipalsewageisofrelativelyrecentoriginasapollutant.

Itwasfirstbroughttopublicattentioninthe19thcenturybyaLondonphysicianwhoshowedthatthecity'scholeraoutbreakhadbeencausedbyjustonecontaminatedwell.Eventhoughthecontaminationofdrinkingwaterbydiseasegermshasbeennearlyeliminatedinthiscountry,hundredsofcommunitiesarestilldischargingrawsewageintostreamsandrivers.

Theproblemofmunicipalsewagedisposaliscomplicatedbythefactthat,yearsago,mostcitiescombinedtheirstormandwastedisposalsewers.Manyofthesecombinedsystemsworkwell,butotherscannotcopewithsuddenheavyrains.Whensuchstormsoccur,watermixedwithsewagemayfloodanddisabletreatmentplantsunlessbypassed,untreated,intoastream.

Ineithercase,thepeoplemayhavelittleprotectionforseveraldaysfromthesewastesthatmaycontaindiseasegerms.

Oneconsequenceofpollution,usuallyresultingfromthedischargeofeitherrawortreatedsewagewastesintowatersources,isanincreaseinnutrientlevelsinthesewaters.Thesehighernutrientlevelsresultinarapidincreaseinthebiologicalpopulationofthewater.Excessiverespirationanddecompositionofaquaticplantsdepletetheoxygencontentinthesewaterscausingdecaywhich,inturn,mayproduceanundesirabletaste,odor,colorandturbidity.Increasingnutrientcontentsmayalsoresultinanin-creaseinmoreundesirablespeciesofaquaticlife.Allthesefactorsmakethewaterun-fitfordomestic,industrialandrecreationalpurposes.14.Thesecharminggirlsarethe______ofequalpayformenandwomen.A.advocatesB.adventurerC.successorsD.predecessors15.1.

16.Hehasneverworriedabouthispropertiesbecausehehas______themagainstdisastersandtheft.A.assuredB.ensuredC.insuredD.secure17.Ifthetesttakerfindsanitemtowhichananswerisnotknown,itmaybe______toleaveitblankandgoonwiththetest.A.probableB.considerableC.advisableD.preferable18.Becauseoftheclose______ofarchitectsandbuilders,thebuildingwascompletedaheadofschedule.A.simulationB.compositionC.collaborationD.inflation19.Anynegativestatementsandaccusationsmadeshouldbe______andforthrightlyanswered,preferablyatthelevelonwhichtheyoriginate.A.promptlyB.thoroughlyC.punctuallyD.exactly20.Fewerandfeweroftoday'sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,______thesamecompany.A.farmoreB.muchworseC.lesslikelyD.letalone21.Thecriminal______pastaguardandmanagedtoescape.A.stormedB.sneezedC.sneakedD.stole22.Mypurposeistoconsiderif,inpoliticalsociety,therecanbeanylegitimateandsureprincipleofgovernment,takingmenastheyareandlawsastheymightbe.InthisinquiryIshalltryalwaystobringtogether______with______sothatjusticeandutilityareinonewaydivided.A.whichfightpermitted...whichinterestprescribedB.whatfightpermits...whichinterestprescribedC.whatfightpermits...whatinterestprescribesD.whichfightpermitted...whatinterestprescribes23.迄今為止，科學(xué)已經(jīng)發(fā)展了好幾百年了，但我們還遠(yuǎn)未獲得對(duì)世界的完全認(rèn)識(shí)。也許我們并不能把握世界的終極真理，但會(huì)一步步接近它。24.Directions:Nowadaysthewaymanypeopleinteractwitheachotherhaschangedbecauseoftechnology.Inwhatwayshastechnologyaffectedthetypesofrelationshipspeoplemake?Hasthisbecomeapositiveornegativedevelopment?Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsbasedonthistopic.YouressayshouldbewrittenclearlyontheAnswerSheet2.25.Somesociologistsareworriedaboutthe______competitionforstatusthatisintensifiedthroughoutthewholesociety.A.fraudulentB.generousC.dynamicD.compulsive26.Therewillalsobea"WalkingintoHealth"campaign,aimingtogetathirdofthepopulationinEnglandwalkinganextrathousandsteps-aroundakilometer-everydayby2012.

"Wewilllookatusingfinancialincentives,suchaspayments,vouchersandotherrewards,toencourageindividualstoloseweightandsustainthatweightloss,toeatmorehealthily,ortobeconsistentlymorephysicallyactive,"officialssaid.27.Describechildrensurfingthenetbrieflyandgiveyourcomments.28.Directions:MoreandmoreChinesescholarsnowbelievethattheiracademicstudiesshouldbeorientedtowardtheneedsofthesocietyandthegovernmentinsteadofpersonalinterests.Whatdoyouthinkofthisbelief?Youarerequiredtomakecommentsonthisbeliefinabout200words.Don'tforgettogiveatitletoyourcomments.PleasewriteyourshortessayontheANSWERSHEET.29.1、有些大學(xué)允許學(xué)生自由選擇某些課程的任課老師。

2、學(xué)生選擇老師時(shí)所考慮的主要因素是。。。

3、學(xué)生自選任課老師的益處及可能產(chǎn)生的問題。30.I'vetoldyou______thatyoucannottooutandplayuntilyou'vefinishedyourhomework.A.onceandforallB.toallintentsandpurposesC.allthewayD.inallrespects31.Publichealthexpertssaythat(the)moneyonespends(avoiding)illnessis(less)thanthecost(tobe)sick.A.the

B.avoiding

C.less

D.tobe32.Theonlywayhecoulddoit-andby"it"hemeansachievingtheleveloffameenjoyedbyMartin,whoissofamousthathisinfantdaughter,Apple,isbetterknownthantherestofColdplaycombined--isbygettingintosomekindoftrouble,anditcouldonlybeinfamy,whichisofcourse,______A.preposterousB.preludialC.preciseD.preponderant33.Probablythereisagoodreasonforherabsence,asshedoesn'tusuallystayawayfromwork.A.ConspicuouslyB.ProspectivelyC.IncidentallyD.Presumably34.OnethirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia,______intheSanFranciscoarea.A.exceptionallyB.drasticallyC.remarkablyD.predominantly35.Industrial-erathinkingforcescompaniesintocharacterizingtheirbusinessmodelsasbeingeitherproduct-orservice-focused.Thisisafalsechoice.Makingaproductdoesn'tdefinethemarketacompanyiscreatingorcompetingin.Describingabusinessasamanufacturerimmediatelyconstrainsbusinessmodelinnovationopportunities.Ifwewanttobringbackmanufacturingwehavetostartbychangingourthinkingaboutmanufacturing.36.Theseareasrelyonagriculturealmost______,havingfewmineralrecoursesandaminimumofindustrialdevelopment.A.respectivelyB.extraordinarilyC.incrediblyD.exclusively37.Westernmanishimselfbeingde-Westernizedbyhisownspeed-up,______byindustrialtechnology.A.asmuchtheAfricansaredetribalizedB.theAfricansaremuchbeingdetribalizedC.asmuchastheAfricansarebeingdetribalizedD.asmuchastheAfricansaredetribalized38.Hisheart______withexcitementashewaswaitingforthereceptionbytheleaders.A.flappedB.flourishedC.flushedD.fluttered39.Manyyoungpeoplebelievethatwarisstupidandunnecessary.Tothem,toloseone'slifeonthebattlefieldis______A.gloriousB.futileC.heroicD.courageous40.Beliefsabouttherelationshipbetweenhumanityandthenaturalenvironmentcanbedirectlycorrelatedwithconceptionsheldregardingtherolescienceandtechnologyplayinmediatingthatrelationship.Theinterdependenceofthesebeliefswithperceptionsoftheenvironmentalimpactsofscienceandtechnologyarecentralinthenotionsheldwithregardtothefutureroleofscienceandtechnology.A.regardingB.playinmediatingC.arecentralinD.withregardto41.Thesalesofthebookbythefamouswritercontinueto______likearunawayballoon.A.leapB.approachC.advanceD.soar42.Jack's______ofblackmusicandperformersintoamainstreamartformcontributedincrucialbutnotoftennotedwaystodesegregation.A.transformationB.assimilationC.deviationD.diversion43.Inthe"NewHorizonCollegeEnglish"course,studentsmusttakeperformancetestsatmonthly______.A.gapsB.lengthC.intervalsD.distance44.Someindustrialworkersweretrying,quietlyandpeacefully,tocreateanetworkoffreetradeunions,modeledpresumablyonPoland'sfamousSolidarity,whichwasananathematotheregime.A.acurseB.acoupC.aspumeD.asinew45.ThecareerIhavechosen______opportunitiesyetitisfraughtwithheartbreak,despairandhardship.A.isladenwithB.islackofC.isburdenedwithD.isinwantof46.U.S.SecretaryofStateRice______athree-daytriptotheMiddleEastwithanagreementfromIsraeliandPalestinianleaderstoholdmeetingseverytwoweeks.A.endedupB.wrappedupC.roundedupD.summedup47.Describethepicture

2.Interpretitsmeaning

3.Suggestsomemeasures48.The______ofourtriptoLondonwasthevisittoBuckinghamPalace.A.summitB.heightC.peakD.highlight49.如果你著手干一番事業(yè)而失敗了，不要喪失信心。“人失敗了三次”與“我是一個(gè)失敗者”之間有著天壤之別。只要你對(duì)自大不持否定想法，不把自己與失敗等同起來，而是試圖從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)，你很可能在未來取得成功。50.Takingphotographsisstrictly______here,asitmaydamagethepreciouscavepaintings.A.forbiddenB.rejectedC.excludedD.denied51.BytheendoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodslavesocietywas______disintegration.A.onthegroundofB.onthetopofC.inthelightofD.onthevergeof52.Recentlysome______incidentsinvolvingmistreatmentofnewimmigrantsandethnicgroupshaveoccurredinsomeEuropeancountries.A.vileB.steadyC.drearyD.dissimilar53.Nobodyatworkisveryhappy,becauselastweek'ssalesfigureswerepretty______.A.destroyingB.depressingC.deceasingD.declining54.JohnDeweybelievedthateducationshouldbeapreparationfor1ire,thatapersonlearnsbydoing,andthatteachingmust______thecuriosityandcreativityofchildren.A.seekB.stimulateC.shapeD.secure55.TheLewisandClarkexpedition______theterritoryoftheLouiskanaPurchaseandbeyondasfarasthePacificOcean.A.locatedB.searchedC.exploitedD.developed56.Theindexofindustrialproduction______lastyear.A.raisedupby4percentB.roseupwith4percentC.aroseupwith4percentD.wentupby4percent57.Batsonetal.statethat"egoisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stategoalofincreasingthehelper'sownwelfare",______"altruisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stateofincreasingtheother'swelfare".A.asB.otherwiseC.whileD.although58.Irejectanyreligiousdoctrinethatdoesnot______toreasonandisinconflictwithmorality.A.applyB.appealC.attractD.attend59.當(dāng)今世界正在發(fā)生廣泛而深刻的變化。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化與信息化的發(fā)展，科學(xué)技術(shù)迅猛進(jìn)步，世界變成了“地球村”。各國(guó)相互聯(lián)系，相互依存，利益交融達(dá)到了前所未有的程度，需要攜手應(yīng)對(duì)的問題越來越多，互利合作的愿望越來越強(qiáng)，從某種意義上講，世界已是一種“利益共同體”。60.Thegapbetweenthoseatthelowestlevelandthoseatthehighestlevelofincomehadincreased______,andiscontinuingtoincrease.A.substantiallyB.successfullyC.succinctlyD.sufficiently61.PracticalWriting

Directions:Writealetterofinvitationofabout100wordstoyourclosefriendTom,asldnghimtocomeandstayforaweekendwithyourfamilyatyourriversidecottage:

(a)youhavenotseenhimforalongtime;

(b)thecountryairwilldohimgood;

(c)hecancatchatrainafterworkonFriday;

(d)youaskhimtoletyouknowthetimeofhisarrival;

(e)youwillmeethimatthestation.62.Thegirl______hertablemate'sarmtoseeifshewasfastasleepatclass.A.pinchedB.punchedC.pitchedD.preached63.TheamendingtreatyonEuropeanUnioncanbecomelawonlyifthereis______agreementtothiseffect.A.overallB.unifiedC.overwhelmingD.unanimous64.The______ofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromotherpartsofthecountry.A.clashB.clarifyC.clarityD.clatter65.IntheAmericanfamily,thehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenough,theytakepart______.A.alsoB.thoughC.aswellD.either66.It'softenamistaketo______appearance:thatpoor-lookingindividualisanythingbutpoor.Infact,heisamillionaire.A.gooverB.gobyC.goagainstD.gofor67.HeadvisedJane______anyoneabouttheshortageoffood.A.nottellingB.nottellC.tellnotD.nottotell68.CharlesⅡwasanothermonarch______malignedbyVictorianhistorians.A.muchB.veryC.greatlyD.deeply69.Eachperson'sgeneticcodeisuniqueexcept______identicaltwins.A.incaseofB.inthecaseofC.thepointincaseD.acaseof70.HesaidthemostunusualaspectoftheMexicantrialwasthatthe12teenagerswerenotgivenanydrugstosuppresstheirimmunesystems,______wouldnormallydestroyanycellsfromotheranimals.A.atwhichB.whichC.towhichD.as71.Ifwemeanbycapitalismamethodoforganizingtheeconomywhichrestsontheprofitmotiveandthefreeplayofmarketforces,thenwecanbequitesurethatitwillbearoundforthe21stcentury.Themotivationtocompete,toownandacquirewealthisafundamentalfactofhumanexistence,justliketheneedtoeatorsleep.It'snotgoingtobeeradicated.

Onceyouacceptthatcompetitionviamarketsandpricesisthemaindrivingforceofeconomiclife,thesecondlessonisthatwhilethisisnecessaryitisnotasufficientmechanismfororderingsociety.Purefreecapitalismhadabrief,ifpowerful,heydayfromthelate1970stotheearly1990s,butitisnowclearthatphaseisover.Ifthedenialofcapitalismhasutterlyfailed,sohasthebeliefthatmarketsalonearesufficientcontrol—thoughithasnotfailedquitesospectacularly.

Idon'texpecttoseeanothereconomiccrisisofthescaleofthatinthe1970sforatleastanotherfifteenyears.Whenitdoeseventuallycome,itwillprobablybefromsometotallyunexpecteddirection.Unemploymentwillcontinuetodecline,andwhenpeoplenolongerfearthelossoftheirjobs,soadegreeofcomplacencycreepsinandtheirvalueschange.

Itmaywellbeexactlythatprocesswhich,ironically,causesthenexteconomiccrisis—butit'salongwayyet.72.AlthoughVenusisthenearestplanetoftheEarth,littleisknownaboutitbecauseitis______coveredbythickclouds.A.closelyB.curiouslyC.regularlyD.constantly73.Hebelievesthatit'swrongthatsomepeopleshouldenjoywealth,privilege,influenceandpowersolely______anaccidentofbirth.A.onthegroundofB.forthesakeofC.inviewofD.byvirtueof74.Urbancongestionwouldbegreatlyrelievedifonlythe______chargedonpublictransportweremorereasonable.A.pricesB.ticketsC.feesD.tariffs75.InanessayentitledReflectiononPlagiarism,youareexpectedtomakeyourcommentsonthisissueinabout250words.第1卷參考答案一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：A2.參考答案：B[解析]動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。passon“通過”；passup“錯(cuò)過”；passby“走過，經(jīng)過”；passout“分發(fā)；完成學(xué)業(yè)”。根據(jù)句意，沒有錯(cuò)過練習(xí)漢語的機(jī)會(huì)。故答案為B。3.參考答案：B[解析]動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。從句中的formeremployer和介詞against可判斷，空格處的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)“指證”的意思。選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)表示“做不利于……的證明，指證”。故答案為B。4.參考答案：B[解析]動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句中能與awildplant(野生植物)搭配的動(dòng)詞只有breeding(培養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育)。故答案為B。5.參考答案：D[解析]動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)中，retrieve“檢索”，與and前面的store相對(duì)，指計(jì)算機(jī)存貯并檢索信息，為正確答案。reclaim“開墾，回收”；reconcile“使和解，使接受”；reassure“安慰，使安心”。6.參考答案：A[解析]形容詞詞義辨析。能修飾operation(手術(shù))的只有delicate，意為“精湛的手術(shù)”。故答案為A。7.參考答案：D[解析]futility意為“無益，無用，徒勞”。D選項(xiàng)：uselessness意為“無用，無效，無價(jià)值”，與畫線單詞的意義相符，如：Tooilltogetoutofbed,shehadstrongfeelingsofuselessness.由于疾病纏身，臥床不起，她深深地感到力不從心。故選D。在其他三項(xiàng)中，A選項(xiàng)：flux流出，變遷；B選項(xiàng)：paradox悖論；C選項(xiàng)：conformity符合，遵守，都與畫線單詞的意義不符。8.參考答案：C[解析]A選項(xiàng)表示“習(xí)俗，慣例”；B選項(xiàng)表示“國(guó)會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)表示“大會(huì)，協(xié)定”；D選項(xiàng)表示“慣例”。這里指《日內(nèi)瓦公約》，故選擇C。9.參考答案：D[解析]四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：diverse“不同的，別的”；durable“持久的，牢的”；epidemic“流行的，傳染的”；drastic“嚴(yán)厲的，強(qiáng)硬的”。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)選擇D。10.參考答案：A改為hardlyhadhe。Hardly...when結(jié)構(gòu)中，前半部分需用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。11.參考答案：Chinaisoneofthebirthplacesoftheworldcivilization,enjoyingahistoryoffivethousandyears.IthasproducedmanyoutstandingthinkersinChineseancientthoughthistoryandleftarichintellectualheritageforboththeChinesepeopleandtheentirehumanrace.Theideologicalachievementsofthesethinkerswereuniquelyestablishedandwerecontinuouslyinterpretedanddeveloped.Today,manyofthesethoughtsareasrelevantaseverandstillendurevitalityforChinaandtherestoftheworld.Forexample,theidealof"benevolence"andtheconceptof"harmony"advocatedbyConfucius,thefounderoftheConfucianism,havebeenadmiredhighlybycontemporaryChinaaswellasotherAsiancountries.12.參考答案：

幾年前，富國(guó)擔(dān)憂的是窮國(guó)可能不會(huì)從富國(guó)與發(fā)展中國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)交流中受益。因此不平等就成為北方強(qiáng)大的工業(yè)化國(guó)家和南方弱小的血汗工廠之間交換條件的代名詞，而兩者之間的貿(mào)易無非就是一方對(duì)另一方的剝削。隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的到來，窮國(guó)非但沒有從中受益，反而加劇了它們的貧困。這種擔(dān)憂如今已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)為一種與此相同、但是意思相反的悲觀情緒，即與發(fā)展中國(guó)家的貿(mào)易會(huì)導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)在的富國(guó)變窮。

與舊的擔(dān)憂相比，這種新的擔(dān)憂更加危險(xiǎn)。舊的擔(dān)憂默認(rèn)的一個(gè)事實(shí)是，工業(yè)化國(guó)家若割斷與第三世界的聯(lián)系則會(huì)遭受損失。因此可以說，北方限制與發(fā)展中國(guó)家進(jìn)行貿(mào)易的活動(dòng)是一場(chǎng)艱難的斗爭(zhēng)。如今，反對(duì)深化經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的那些人擁有了一個(gè)更好的平臺(tái)。在至關(guān)重要的利益驅(qū)使下，富國(guó)要保護(hù)自己的工業(yè)免于新的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。與原來的觀點(diǎn)不同的是，這次的觀點(diǎn)也許將被接受。

與舊的擔(dān)憂相似的地方是，新的擔(dān)憂同樣表達(dá)了一種觀點(diǎn)，也就是世界上一部分地區(qū)要取得發(fā)展，就必須犧牲另一部分地區(qū)的利益。這是一種根深蒂固的偏見，并且明顯是錯(cuò)誤的。與30年前相比，世界上幾乎所有地區(qū)都要更加繁榮。這個(gè)事實(shí)證明，發(fā)展是一種相互受益的共同進(jìn)步。

第二種錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)是在支持第一種錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的，也就是能夠分配的工作是有限的。若新技術(shù)使某些工作消失，若廉價(jià)進(jìn)口品的供給增加導(dǎo)致其他工作不經(jīng)濟(jì)，勢(shì)必會(huì)造成失業(yè)率的持續(xù)上升。可經(jīng)過稍微的思索就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的。

沒有考慮市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的巨大調(diào)節(jié)力量是產(chǎn)生以上兩種錯(cuò)誤的核心原因。13.參考答案：地方污水相對(duì)來說是污染物的較新來源。它最初引起公眾關(guān)注是在19世紀(jì)，英國(guó)一位物理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)該城市的霍亂是由一個(gè)被污染了的水井引起。即使該國(guó)會(huì)造成引用水污染的疾病細(xì)菌已經(jīng)被清除了，但成百的社區(qū)仍然將未經(jīng)處理的污水直接傾人溪水或河流中。

數(shù)年前，許多城市將風(fēng)暴降水和污水處理管道合并，這一做法使得地方污水的處理問題更為復(fù)雜。許多組合系統(tǒng)運(yùn)作很好，但有些組合系統(tǒng)不能應(yīng)付突然的大幅降雨。當(dāng)此類暴風(fēng)雨發(fā)生時(shí)，雨水混合著污水，可能會(huì)泛濫，使污水處理廠無能為力，從而迂回流淌，未經(jīng)處理就匯人溪流。出現(xiàn)這兩種情況中的任何一種，人們就會(huì)數(shù)日受到這些包含著致病細(xì)菌的廢物的威脅。

污染通常由未經(jīng)處理或已處理過的污水混入水源引起。污染的一個(gè)后果是水中營(yíng)養(yǎng)級(jí)別升高。而水中營(yíng)養(yǎng)級(jí)別的增高又會(huì)導(dǎo)致水中生物數(shù)量的劇增。過量的呼吸和對(duì)水生植物的分解會(huì)耗盡水中的氧氣從而導(dǎo)致腐爛，而腐爛又會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種令人不快的氣味、顏色，使水變得渾濁。營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的增加也可能引起讓人更為反感的水生物種的增加。所有這一切，使得水資源不能用做家庭用水、工業(yè)用水或者是出于娛樂目的的用水。14.參考答案：A[解析]advocate提倡者，鼓吹者，擁護(hù)者。adventurer冒險(xiǎn)家，投機(jī)分子。successor繼承者，接班人。predecessor前輩，祖先。15.參考答案：CanMoneyBuyHappiness?

Whethermoneycanbuyhappinessisacontroversialissueforalongtime.Differentpeopleholddifferentideas.

Peoplewhoupholditbelievethatmoneyisthesourceofhappiness.Whenoneownsmoney,hecanbuyanythinghelikes,dowhateverheiswillingtodo.Thereforetheydrawtheconclusionthatmoneycanbringcomfort,security,andsoon.Itisthesourceofhappiness.

Yetalotofotherswhodisagreewithitbelievethatmoneyisanevilthing.Oncepeoplehavestrongdesireformoreandmoremoney,theywilllosetheirreasonandtrytoobtainmoneybyallmeans.Suchphenomenoncanbeseeninourdailylife.Formoney,peoplewouldratherfight,die,orevenselltheirsoulstotheDevil.

AsfarasIamconcerned,althoughmoneyisfundamentaltolifeandperhapsitcanbringhappinesstoyou,itisnotthesolepurposewelivefor.Happinesscanbegainedwithoutmoney.Forinstance,lovethatistherealsourceofhappinesscan'tbeboughtwithmoney;self-esteemthatisanothercrucialfactorthatproduceshappinesscan'twinwithmoney.Soitisunwisetoreckononlyonmoneytoachievehappiness.Whatmoneywillbringtoyoudependsonwhetheryouutilizeitcorrectly.16.參考答案：C[解析]assure意為“向……保證；使放心”；ensure意為“擔(dān)保，確?！保籭nsure意為“保證，保險(xiǎn)”；secure意為“使安全；安全的”。17.參考答案：Cadvisable可取的，明智的；probable很可能，大概；considerable相當(dāng)?shù)?，客觀的；preferable更適應(yīng)的，更稱心的。18.參考答案：C[解析](collaboration合作)。句意為：由于建筑師和建筑工人密切合作，該大樓提前完工。A．simulation模擬；B．composition寫作，作曲；D．inflation充氣，膨脹。19.參考答案：A[解析]根據(jù)后面的“preferablyatthelevelonwhichtheyoriginate(最好能在剛產(chǎn)生的時(shí)候)”可知，空白處所填詞語應(yīng)表示“迅速地”。在選項(xiàng)中，promptly意為“迅速地，敏捷地”；thoroughly意為“十分地，徹底地”；punctually意為“按時(shí)地，如期地”；exactly意為“正確地，嚴(yán)密地”。因此正確答案是A。其他選項(xiàng)與題意不符。20.參考答案：Dletalone更不必說，不必考慮。21.參考答案：C[解析]storm意為“強(qiáng)攻，猛攻”，sneeze意為“打噴嚏”，sneak意為“潛行，偷偷摸摸做”，steal意為“偷”。這里有搭配sneakpast，意為“潛行，偷偷摸摸躲過”故正確答案為C。22.參考答案：C[解析]bringtogether意為“使結(jié)合[連接]”，由with連接的兩個(gè)部分做賓語。which與what都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，區(qū)別是當(dāng)指代無限定范圍的事物時(shí)用what，指代有限定范圍的事物時(shí)用which，根據(jù)空格處兩個(gè)從句的意思(權(quán)利允許的一切以及利益要求的一切)可知應(yīng)由what引導(dǎo)。兩個(gè)從句陳述的是一般事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此C項(xiàng)正確。23.參考答案：Sciencehasbeenunderdevelopmentforhundredsofyearssofar;butwearefarfromgettingacompletepictureoftheworld.Maybewemaynotgrasptheultimatetruthoftheworld,butwecanapproachitstepbystep.24.參考答案：[范文]

ADouble-edgedSwordofModernCommunicationTechnology

Gettingusedtotheconveniencebroughtbytechnology,Icannotimaginethesituationthatcellphones,WeChat,Taobaoandothernewmediaofcommunicationalldisappearefromourlife.Itisundoubtedlythattheyhavealreadytakenoverourlifeandaffectedourrelationshipsinvariousways.Inmyopinion,theyhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffects.

Ontheonehand,technologyhasmadeourcommunicationeasierandmoreefficient.BeforetheInternet,weusedtowritelettersorsendtelegramtoourfriends.AftertheInternetwalksintoourlife,wesendemailstoeachotherandcanquicklyreceiveourfriends'reply.Wedon'tneedtowaitdaysorevenmonthsfortheirletters.Especiallywiththedevelopmentofsmartphonesand4Gnetworks,wecanchatwithourfriendsfacetofacewheneverwewanttoandwhereverweare.Andaslongasthereisanetwork,wecanenjoyfreevideocalls.Forinstance,Iampursuingmygraduateeducationinaforeigncountry,andIcan'taffordtoflybacktoreunitewithmyfamily.However,IcantalkwithmyparentsthroughWeChatfacetoface.Comparedwithreceivingaletterinoneortwomonths,theywouldbemuchmorerelievediftheycanseemethroughWeChatregularly.

Ontheotherhand,newwaysofcommunicationalsohavenegativeinfluenceonourpersonalrelationships.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplechoosetomakefriendsonline,ratherthangoingoutwiththeirfriendsinreallife.Itwasreportedthatsomepeopleevendecidedtohaveadinnertogetheronline,insteadofgoingtoarestaurantandenjoyingthedeliciousfoodandabeautifulnighttogether.Itbecomeshardertomaintainacloserelationshipifwecouldnotmeetourfriendsinperson.Andwhat'sworse,whensomeyoungpeoplegetusedtothevirtualworld,theyrefusetogooutsidetoembracetherealworld.

Toconclude,themoderntechnologyisadouble-edgedsword,whichmakesourlifemoreconvenientbutalsomoreisolated.Weshouldmakegooduseofthisswordinourlife—takingadvantagesofvideocallstodeveloprelationshipsandenhancingthembymeetingeachotherintherealworld.25.參考答案：D[解析]形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意，空格填入的詞應(yīng)與intensified意思相近，選項(xiàng)中compulsive(強(qiáng)制的，強(qiáng)迫的)符合要求，意為“人們對(duì)地位的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)”。故答案為D。fraudulent“欺騙性的，不誠(chéng)實(shí)的”；generous“慷慨的，大方的”；dynamic“動(dòng)態(tài)的”。26.參考答案：此外，政府還制定了一項(xiàng)“走進(jìn)健康”計(jì)劃。該計(jì)劃旨在使英國(guó)二分之一的人口到2012年前每天多走1000步(約1公里)。

有關(guān)官員稱：“我們將考慮采用發(fā)放獎(jiǎng)金、購(gòu)物券及其它獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)方式來鼓勵(lì)人們減肥并保持減肥成果、養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習(xí)慣以及多鍛煉身體。”27.參考答案：Nowadays,theInternetisoneofthemostpowerfultoolsthroughouttheworld.TheInternetisacollectionofvariousservicesandresourcesforpeople.AlmostallhouseholdshaveaccesstotheInternet;however,beforepeopleconnectingtheInternet,theyneedtobeawareofitsdisadvantagesandadvantages.

Childrenofnetusershavebecomeabigconcern.MostparentsdonotrealizethedangersinvolvedwhentheirchildrenlogontotheInternet.Whenchildrenareonline,theycaneasilybeluredintosomethingdangerous.Whenchildrentalktoothersonline,theydonotrealizetheycouldactuallybetalkingtoaharmfulperson.Asaresult,therehavebeenmanycaseswherechildrenhavebeenconvincedtomeetpeopletheyhavetalkedwithonline.Inaddition,childrenmayalsoreceivepornographyonlinebymistake;therefore,causingconcernamongparentseverywhere.WhethersurfingtheWeb,readingnewsgroups,orusingemail,childrencanbeexposedtoextremelyinappropriatematerial.Pornographicsitestendtomakesuretheyarethefirstsitestobelistedinanysearcharea;thus,childrencomeacrosssuchsiteseasily.

Wecouldcontroltheissuefromthefollowingthreeaspects.Firstandforemost,parentsareresponsiblefortheirownchildrenontheInternetbecausethereareavailableservicestoprotectchildren.Further,tokeepchildrensafe,parentsandteachersmustbeawareofthedang