2022年高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句【定義】一個(gè)句子在另一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語，相當(dāng)于名詞，故稱為名詞性從句?！舅拇髲木洹棵~性從句分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。主語從句定義：從句在句中作主語。它可以放在謂語之前，但習(xí)慣于用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在后面.引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)主語從句的連詞有that，whether，if。連接代詞有who，what，which等，連接副詞有when，where，how，why等?！就瓿衫洹扛鶕?jù)句意選詞填空(that,if,whether,why,when,what)(1)_________hewillsucceediscertain.(2)_________hewillgothereisnotknown.(3)_________hesaidisnottrue.(4)_________themeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecidedyet.【結(jié)論】①that－從句，從句為一個(gè)句意完整的陳述句，沒有具體意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起標(biāo)志性作用，但that不能省略。②whether/if－從句，從句來源于一般疑問句，whether不能省略，意為“是否”，當(dāng)主語從句放于句首時(shí)只能用whether不能用if，當(dāng)it做形式主語，且放在句末時(shí)用whether或if均可.themeetingwillbegivenisstillaproblem.Itisdoubtful___________themeetingwillbegiven.③特殊疑問詞－從句，從句來源于特殊疑問句，特殊疑問詞不能省略，意思為特殊疑問詞本來的意思，在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。Eg.我們?cè)谀膬洪_會(huì)都無所謂。Itmakesnodifference________weshallhavethemeeting.Ithasn’tbeendecidedyet______willpresideoverthemeeting.從句作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，常用的句型有：①Itbe＋名詞詞組（nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,afact,commonknowledge）＋that從句Eg.可惜我們不能去。______________________wecan’tgo.我們隊(duì)贏了比賽，這不足為奇。_____________________________ourteamhaswonthegame.②Itbe＋形容詞(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,probable,likely,certain,strange,etc.)＋that從句ｅｇ．她肯定會(huì)在考試中考好的。_____________________________shewilldowellinherexam.他可能已經(jīng)告訴了她一切。_____________________________hetoldhereverything.③Itbe＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋從句Itseemsthat…似乎……eg；Itseemsthatnobodyknewwhathadhppened.Ithappenedthat…碰巧……eg:IthappenedthatIwasfreethatday.Itappearsthat…似乎……eg:Itappearsthathehasatalentformusic.④It＋be+過去分詞(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,proved,etc)＋that從句Eg:據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到達(dá)了北京。ItissaidthathasarrivedinBeijing.=Mr.Greenissaid__________________________________________.Itissaidthatheiswatchingalivefootballmatchathome.=Heissaid____________________________________________________.Itissaidthatcancerisadeadlydisease.=Cancerissaid_________________________________________________.已經(jīng)決定把會(huì)議推遲到下一周了。____________________________themeetinghasbeenputofftillnextMonday.注意：在口語和非正式文體中，that?？墒÷?，但that從句位于句首時(shí)，that不能省略。4.疑難問題：【疑難1】_______________isnoneofmybusiness.(他是誰)【疑難剖析1】任何從句要用陳述句語序，即主謂語序?！疽呻y2】ThathelikesEnglish____________________________.（為我們大家都知道）Whathesaidatthemeeting______________.（使我傷心）【疑難剖析2】主句時(shí)態(tài)為過去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)為過去的某一時(shí)態(tài)；主句時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)視具體情況而定?！疽呻y3】That2022AsianGamesaresuccessful_______knowntoall.(is/are)【疑難剖析3】單個(gè)句子作主語，視為單數(shù)?！疽呻y4】ItissaidthatChairmanHuwillvisitourschoolnextweek.(√)ThatChairmanHuwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(×)【疑難剖析4】主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：(1).if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可位于復(fù)合句句首。(2).Itissaid/reported…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。(3).Ithappens/occurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(√)Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(×)(4).Itdoesn'tmatterhow/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(√)Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn'tmatter.(×)(5).含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening？(√)Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely？(×)【疑難5】what與that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別__________yousaidyesterdayisright.____________sheisstillaliveisaconsolation.【疑難剖析5】what引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)______、______或______，而that則不充當(dāng)任何成分?！疽呻y6】Itisclearthatheknowseverythingaboutthiscrime.(_______從句)Itishethat/whoknowseverythingaboutthecrime.(________從句)【疑難剖析6】it作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較it作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。二、賓語從句1.定義：在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句是賓語從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。2.引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)賓語從句有連接詞that，if，whether。that可以省略。連接代詞who，whose，what，whoever，whatever，which，連接副詞when，where，how，why等。有時(shí)也常用it作形式賓語，而把賓語從句放在后面?！就瓿衫洹縖]根據(jù)句意選詞填空(that,if,whether,where,what，who)(1)Iheard_________hejoinedthearmy.(2)①Shedidnotknow________hadhappened.②Iwonder___________youcanchangethisnoteforme.(3)Shetoldme___________shewouldacceptmyinvitation.【結(jié)論】①由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that通常可以省略)，that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。②由what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，what在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。③whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，意為“是否”。3.疑難問題【疑難1】引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)if和whether的區(qū)別Iaskedher______________shehadabike.Theydiscussed__________theywillgobackrightnow.We'reworriedabout____________heissafe.Idon'tknow___________ornothewillcome.Idon'tknow____________togo.【疑難剖析1】引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)用if和whether都可以，但有只用whether的特殊情況：動(dòng)詞discuss后；介詞后；whether與ornot連用時(shí)；whethertodo?！疽呻y2】Iamafraid(that)I'vemadeamistake.【疑難剖析2】作形容詞的賓語時(shí)，可以省略that。【注意】下列形容詞后常跟that引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。(有時(shí)也將此類詞后的that從句看作原因狀語從句。)eg:Iamconvincedthatwhatyousaidisquiteright.Heisquiteconfidentthathewillpasstheexamination.Shewasthankfulthatherlovelydaughter’stemperaturewasnormal.【疑難3】Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.【疑難剖析3】it不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語，而真正的賓語that從句則放在句尾(特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中)?！疽呻y4】Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.(√)Iadmirethattheywonthematch.(×)【疑難剖析4】后邊不能直接跟that從句的動(dòng)詞有：allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn（譴責(zé)，宣告（某人）有罪，判刑）,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句?！疽呻y5】我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.【疑難剖析5】否定的轉(zhuǎn)移：若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。表語從句1.定義：表語從句在句中作表語，位于主句中的系動(dòng)詞之后。一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語＋連系動(dòng)詞＋表語從句”。2.引導(dǎo)詞有：that，whether，asif；連接代詞有who，what，which；連接副詞where，why，when，how等?！就瓿衫洹扛鶕?jù)句意填空(8)Thequestionis_________wecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.(9)Thisis________wecan'tgetthesupportofthepeople.(10)Butthefactremains________wearebehindtheotherclasses.(11)Thereasonheislateforschoolis_______hemissedtheearlybus.【結(jié)論1】①完整陳述句充當(dāng)表語時(shí)用that引導(dǎo)，且不可省略；②表“是否”含義時(shí)用whether；在表語從句中只能用whether，不能用if.③語義不完整時(shí)根據(jù)情況選用對(duì)應(yīng)的特殊疑問詞，如what，when，where，why等；④兩種特殊句型：thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause…等結(jié)構(gòu)。四、同位語從句1.定義：在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句為同位語從句。同位語從句跟在名詞后面，進(jìn)一步說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。2.引導(dǎo)詞有：that，that在引導(dǎo)同位語從句中一般不能省略。也可用連接副詞how，when，where，why等。要注意同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別，引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)可以省略。而同位語中的that是連接詞，僅起連接作用，而不充當(dāng)任何成分。Thenews_________youtoldmejustnowistrue.(引導(dǎo)___________從句，在從句中做_________,________省略)Thenews_________reachedmejustnowistrue.(引導(dǎo)___________從句，在從句中做_________,________省略)Thenews_________ourteamhaswonthematchistrue.(引導(dǎo)___________從句，在從句中_________成分,________省略)3.引導(dǎo)同位語的名詞主要有：idea,news,hope,belief,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,fact,information,problem,decision,advicesuggestion,proposal,order等。Eg:Theking'sdecision______theprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.Theorder________allthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.【結(jié)論】同位語從句對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，不能省略?！疽呻y1】同位語在句子中的位置HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.Wordcamethatthefamouswriterwouldcometovisitourschool.【疑難剖析1】同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。五、名詞性從句的幾個(gè)難點(diǎn)和what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別that和what都可以引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句，區(qū)別在于：1．引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，that不在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分，也無具體意思，只起連接作用；what則能在從句中作主語、表語、賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語，并保持原疑問詞的意義或相當(dāng)于thething(s)/person/placethat/which等，表示“……事情，……東西”，有時(shí)作前置定語，如whathelp，whatfunnystories等。_________youhavedonedoesnotpleasehim.你所做的事并沒有讓他滿意。Myideais_________weshouldgivehimachance.我的想法是我們應(yīng)該給他一次機(jī)會(huì)。引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句（1）________wehaveseemsbetterthan______wedon’thave.________引導(dǎo)_______從句，=thething(s)that/which意為：所……的事物(2)Iamnot_________Iusedtobe.________引導(dǎo)_______從句，=thepersonthat/who意為：所……的人（3）Ourschoolisnot_______itwas10yearsago.________引導(dǎo)_______從句，=theplacethat/which意為：所……的地方（4）Hespent________littlemoneyhehadonbuyingbooks.________引導(dǎo)_______從句，=themoney/amountthat/which意為：所……的那一點(diǎn)3.that通常不能省略的情況（1）that引導(dǎo)主語從句置于句首時(shí)hehaspassedthedrivingtestistrue.（2）當(dāng)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不能省略Weallknow(that)hecomesfromAmericaandthatheisquiteinterestedinChineseculture.(3)由it作形式賓語時(shí)，在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，that不可省略。Weconsideritnecessarythatheshouldimprovehispronunciation.4.wh-ever與nomatterwh-的用法區(qū)別wh-ever即可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；而nomatterwh-只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Eg.無論我說什么，他都不會(huì)聽我的。___________Isaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.=__________________Isaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.我說什么他都信。Hewouldbelieve_________Isaid.另外，在whoever,whatever,whenever,wherever中,-ever起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，意為“究竟，到底”，eg:Whereverhaveyoubeen？你究竟去了哪里？六．名詞性從句做題時(shí)的誤區(qū)1．把握不準(zhǔn)疑問從句和名詞性關(guān)系從句的區(qū)別而誤用引導(dǎo)詞如：Heaskedmewhobroketheglass.此處的who不能用whoever代替。又如：Whogoesagainstthelawshallbepunished.很顯然該句是一個(gè)典型的錯(cuò)句，who應(yīng)用whoever，相當(dāng)于anyonewho。這兩種引導(dǎo)詞的混淆使用是考生極易出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，也是考生把握的難點(diǎn)，因此把握從句的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，透徹理解引導(dǎo)詞的含義和用法是避免類似錯(cuò)誤的有效途徑。2．把握不準(zhǔn)句式結(jié)構(gòu)，不能正確選擇引導(dǎo)詞句式結(jié)構(gòu)的分析是選擇引導(dǎo)詞的關(guān)鍵。很多考