通信工程學院06級交換機與路由器配置報告一、實習目的1、把握路由器和交換機的根本原理2、把握目前網(wǎng)絡中常用的路由協(xié)議3packettracer進展網(wǎng)絡設置和規(guī)劃的仿真4、學會使用路由器和交換機二、根本原理1、路由器和交換機的根本原理Hub：工作在物理層，功能是將收到電氣信號向全部端口發(fā)送，并連接同網(wǎng)段設備，為全部用戶爭用固定帶寬。Switch：工作在數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層，依據(jù)物理MAC地址進展尋址轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，并連接同網(wǎng)段設備，使其中用戶各自占用固定帶寬，用戶之間相互不影響。Router：工作在網(wǎng)絡層，依據(jù)目的網(wǎng)絡地址進展尋址轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，它連接不同網(wǎng)段設備。轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)需要收集全網(wǎng)路由信息〔OSPF、BG。RS路由交換機即具有二層交換的功能又具有三層路由的功能。RS收到的報文假設目的MACMAC不全都則是需要交換的報文。2、VLANVLAN的中文名稱為“虛擬局域網(wǎng)”，是一種將在同一個局域網(wǎng)的局域網(wǎng)計算機從規(guī)律上劃分成一個獨立網(wǎng)段，從而實現(xiàn)虛擬工作組的興數(shù)據(jù)交換技術(shù)。VLAN地劃分成不同的播送域，每一個VLAN都包含一組有著一樣需求的計算機工作站，與物LAN有著一樣的屬性。由于它是從規(guī)律上劃分，而不是從物理上劃分，所以同一個VLAN內(nèi)的各個工作站沒LAN網(wǎng)段。由VLANVLAN內(nèi)部的播送和單播流量都不會轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到其他VLAN中，從而有助于掌握流量、削減設備投資、簡化網(wǎng)絡治理、提高網(wǎng)絡的安全性。3、靜態(tài)路由選擇原理靜態(tài)路由是由治理員手工配置的。在以下狀況下，可使用靜態(tài)路由：鏈路的帶寬較低(如撥號鏈路)，不期望它傳輸動態(tài)路由選擇更；治理員想完全掌握路由器使用的路由；需要為動態(tài)路由供給一條備用路由；前往只有一條路徑可以到達的網(wǎng)絡(末節(jié)網(wǎng)絡)時；路由器沒有足夠的CPU或內(nèi)存資源來運行動態(tài)路由選擇協(xié)議；需要讓路由器看來路由是一個直連網(wǎng)絡。靜態(tài)路由選擇格外適合用于中心-分支拓撲中。在這種網(wǎng)絡中，全部遠程場點都默認將絡的靜態(tài)路由。維護網(wǎng)絡的負擔將極其沉重，在這種狀況下，更好的方式是使用動態(tài)路由選擇。靜態(tài)路由選擇的另一個缺點是，當互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡的拓撲發(fā)生變化時，治理員可能需要配置的靜態(tài)路由，以避開有問題的區(qū)域。4、動態(tài)路由選擇原理議時，治理員要在每臺路由器上配置路由選擇協(xié)議。這樣，路由器之間便能夠交換有關可達的網(wǎng)絡的信息和每個網(wǎng)絡的狀態(tài)。只有運行同一種路由選擇協(xié)議的路由器之間才會交換信息。網(wǎng)絡拓撲發(fā)生變化后，信息將動態(tài)地傳遍整個網(wǎng)絡，每臺路由器都將更其路由選擇表,以反映變化后的拓撲。RIP(RoutingInformationProtocol)路由信息協(xié)議是一種在網(wǎng)關與主機之間交換路由選擇信息的標準。RIP是一種內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關協(xié)議。RIPUDP30秒發(fā)送一次路由信息更。RIP供給跳動計數(shù)(hopcount)作為尺度來衡量路由距離，跳動計數(shù)路由器，但跳動計數(shù)一樣，則RIP認為兩個路由是等距離的。RIP最多支持的跳數(shù)為15，1516表示不行達。RIP主要設RIP比較適用于簡潔的校園網(wǎng)和區(qū)域網(wǎng)，但并不適用于簡單網(wǎng)絡的狀況。OSPF(開放式最短路徑優(yōu)先)是一個內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關協(xié)議(InteriorGatewayProtocol簡稱IGP于在單一自治系統(tǒng)(autonomoussystem,AS)RIP相對，OSPF是鏈路狀態(tài)路由RIP是距離矢量路由協(xié)議。OSPF根本配置步驟：OSPF進程；1ID號；啟動相應接口的OSPF；重分發(fā)路由信息；DR的選取。三、實習設備1、H3C路由器和交換機；2、PC2臺；3、Windows2003/XP操作系統(tǒng)，裝有超級終端仿真軟件；4、Console掌握臺電纜以及網(wǎng)線假設干。四、實習內(nèi)容1VLAN組網(wǎng)圖：SwitchSwitchPORT1PORT2PORT3PORT4PC1VLAN10

PC2VLAN20

PC3VLAN10

PC4VLAN20配置命令：[H3C]vlan20[H3C-vlan20]portGigabitEthernet1/0/2[H3C-vlan20]portGigabitEthernet1/0/4[H3C-vlan20]quit[H3C]vlan10[H3C-vlan10]portGigabitEthernet1/0/1[H3C-vlan10portGigabitEthernet1/0/3[H3C-vlan10]quit試驗結(jié)果：2結(jié)果分析：PCVLANVLANPCpingVLANPCping通。2、VLAN劃分兩個交換機組成的局域網(wǎng)組網(wǎng)圖：3Switch SwitchPC1VLAN10配置命令：[H3C]sysnameswitch-49[switch-49]vlan13[switch-49-vlan13]quit[switch-49]vlan10

PC2VLAN20

PC3VLAN10

PC4VLAN20[switch-49-vlan10]interfacevlan10[switch-49-Vlan-interface10]ipaddress172.16.14.5255.255.255.252[switch-49-Vlan-interface10]quit[switch-49]vlan20[switch-49-vlan20]quit[switch-49]interfaceGigabitEthernet1/0/1[switch-49-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]portlink-typetrunk[switch-49-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]porttrunkpermitvlanallPleasewait. Done.[switch-49-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]quit[switch-49]interfaceGigabitEthernet1/0/2[switch49-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]portaccessvlan10[switch-49-GigabitEthernet1/0/2][switch-49-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]quit[switch-49]interfaceGigabitEthernet1/0/3[switch49-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]portaccessvlan20[switch-49-GigabitEthernet1/0/3][switch-49-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]quit[switch-49]quit<H3C>system-viewSystemView:returntoUserViewwithCtrl+Z.4[H3C]system[H3C]sysnameswitch13[switch13]vlan10[switch13-vlan10]quit[switch13]vlan20[switch13-vlan20]interfacevlan20[switch13-Vlan-interface20]ipaddress172.16.14.2255.255.255.252[switch13-Vlan-interface20]quit[switch13]vlan10[switch13-vlan10]quit[switch13]interfaceGigabitEthernet1/0/1[switch13-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]portlink-typetrunk[switch13-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]porttrunkpermitvlanallPleasewait. Done.[switch13-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]quit[switch13]interfaceGigabitEthernet1/0/2[switch13-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]portaccessvlan10[switch13-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]quit[switch13]interfaceGigabitEthernet1/0/3[switch13-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]portaccessvlan20[switch13-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]quit[switch13]quit試驗結(jié)果：5結(jié)果分析：VLANTrunk，并允許VLANPC1PC3ping通，PC2PC4可以ping通。同樣由于VLANping通。3RIP配置組網(wǎng)組網(wǎng)圖：PORT0/0192.168.3.169

PORT0/0192.168.3.201router-13router-49PORT0/1router-13router-49PORT0/1192.168.4.201PC1PC2192.168.2.155192.168.4.154192.168.2.155192.168.4.154〔對稱的拓撲構(gòu)造，只列出ROUTER49的配置命令[router-49]interfaceEthernet0/0[router-49-Ethernet0/0]ipaddress192.168.3.201255.255.255.0[router-49-Ethernet0/0]quit[router-49]interfaceEthernet0/1[router-49-Ethernet0/1]ipaddress192.168.4.201255.255.255.0[router-49-Ethernet0/1]quit[router-49]rip[router-49-rip-1]network192.168.3.0[router-49-rip-1]network192.168.4.0[router-49-rip-1]quit試驗結(jié)果：6結(jié)果分析：ipripping通，配置成功。4OSPF配置組網(wǎng)組網(wǎng)圖：PORTPORT0/0192.168.3.169PORT0/0192.168.3.201PORT0/1192.168.2.169router-13router-49PORT0/1192.168.1.201AREA0PC1PC2192.168.2.155192.168.1.154192.168.2.155192.168.1.154〔對稱的拓撲構(gòu)造，只列出ROUTER13的配置命令[router-49]ospf[router-49-ospf-1]area0[router-49-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network192.168.3.00.0.0.2557[router-49-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network192.168.1.00.0.0.255[router-49-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit[router-49-ospf-1]quit試驗結(jié)果：結(jié)果分析：兩臺路由器，只需設定一個area，ospf路由信息顯示，router-49到三個網(wǎng)段所需要的跳ping通，配置成功。5OSPF配置組網(wǎng)組網(wǎng)圖：8PORTPORT0/0192.168.3.169PORT0/0192.168.3.201PORT0/1192.168.2.169router-13AREA0router-49PORT0/1192.168.4.201SwitchSwitchPC1PC2192.168.2.155 192.168.4.154192.168.2.155192.168.4.154配置命令：[router13]ospf[router13-ospf-1]area0[router13-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network192.168.2.00.0.0.255[router13-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network192.168.3.00.0.0.255[router13-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit[router13-ospf-1]quit[router-49]ospf[router-49-ospf-1]area0[router-49-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network192.168.4.00.0.0.255[router-49-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network192.168.3.00.0.0.255[router-49-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit[router-49-ospf-1]quit試驗結(jié)果：9結(jié)果分析：area，ospf路由信息顯示，router13到三個網(wǎng)段所需要的跳ping通，配置成功。6、兩臺交換機和三臺路由器的靜態(tài)路由配置組網(wǎng)組網(wǎng)圖：PORT0/0192.168.3.169 PORT0/0PORTPORT0/1192.168.2.169router-13router-49guang2PORT0/1192.168.4.206SwitchSwitchPC1PC2

PORT0/1192.168.1.201

PORT0/0192.168.1.206192.168.2.155 192.168.4.154192.168.2.155192.168.4.154配置命令：router13的配置命令：[router13]interfaceEthernet0/1[router13-Ethernet0/1]ipaddress192.168.2.169255.255.255.010[router13-Ethernet0/1]interfaceEthernet0/0[router13-Ethernet0/0]ipaddress192.168.3.169255.255.255.0[router13-Ethernet0/0]quit[router13]iproute-static0.0.0.00.0.0.0192.168.3.201[router13]displayiprouting-tableRoutingTables:PublicDestinations:7 Routes:7Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface0.0.0.0/0Static600192.168.3.201Eth0/0127.0.0.0/8Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0127.0.0.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.2.0/24Direct00192.168.2.169Eth0/1192.168.2.169/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.3.0/24Direct00192.168.3.169Eth0/0192.168.3.169/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0router-49的配置命令：[router-49]interfaceEthernet0/1[router-49-Ethernet0/1]ipaddress192.168.1.201255.255.255.0[router-49-Ethernet0/1]interfaceEthernet0/0[router-49-Ethernet0/0]ipaddress192.168.3.201255.255.255.0[router-49-Ethernet0/0]quit[router-49]iproute-static192.168.4.0255.255.255.0192.168.1.206[router-49]iproute-static192.168.2.0255.255.255.0192.168.3.169[router-49]displayiprouting-tableRoutingTables:PublicDestinations:8 Routes:8Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface127.0.0.0/8Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0127.0.0.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.1.0/24Direct00192.168.1.201Eth0/1192.168.1.201/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.2.0/24Static600192.168.3.169Eth0/0192.168.3.0/24Direct00192.168.3.201Eth0/0192.168.3.201/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.4.0/24Static600192.168.1.206Eth0/111guang2的配置命令：[guang2]interfaceEthernet0/1[guang2-Ethernet0/1]ipaddress192.168.4.206255.255.255.0[guang2-Ethernet0/1]interfaceEthernet0/0[guang2-Ethernet0/0]ipaddress192.168.1.206255.255.255.0[guang2-Ethernet0/0]quit[guang2]iproute-static0.0.0.00.0.0.0192.168.1.201[guang2]displayiprouting-tableRoutingTables:PublicDestinations:7 Routes:7Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface0.0.0.0/0Static600192.168.1.201Eth0/0127.0.0.0/8Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0127.0.0.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.1.0/24Direct00192.168.1.206Eth0/0192.168.1.206/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.4.0/24Direct00192.168.4.206Eth0/1192.168.4.206/32試驗結(jié)果：Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0結(jié)果分析：經(jīng)手動設置，靜態(tài)路由消滅在了路由表中，且兩終端可以ping通，配置成功。127RIP配置組網(wǎng)組網(wǎng)圖：PORT0/0192.168.3.169 PORT0/0PORTPORT0/1192.168.2.169router-13router-49guang2PORT0/1192.168.4.206SwitchSwitchPC1PC2

PORT0/1192.168.1.201

PORT0/0192.168.1.206192.168.2.155 192.168.4.154192.168.2.155192.168.4.154配置命令：router13的配置命令：[router13]interfaceEthernet0/1[router13-Ethernet0/1]ipaddress192.168.2.169255.255.255.0[router13-Ethernet0/1]interfaceEthernet0/0[router13-Ethernet0/0]ipaddress192.168.3.169255.255.255.0[router13-Ethernet0/0]quit[router13]rip[router13-rip-1]network192.168.2.0[router13-rip-1]network192.168.3.0[router13-rip-1]quit[router13]displayrip1routeRouteFlags:R-RIP,T-TRIPP-Permanent,A-Aging,S-Suppressed,G-Garbage-collectPeer192.168.3.201 onEthernet0/0Destination/MaskNexthopCostTagFlagsSec192.168.1.0/24192.168.3.20110RA18192.168.4.0/24192.168.3.20120RA18[router13]displayiprouting-tableRoutingTables:Public13Destinations:8Destination/Mask ProtoPreRoutes:8CostNextHopInterface127.0.0.0/8 Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0127.0.0.1/32 Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.1.0/24RIP1001192.168.3.201Eth0/0192.168.2.0/24Direct00192.168.2.169Eth0/1192.168.2.169/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.3.0/24Direct00192.168.3.169Eth0/0192.168.3.169/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.4.0/24RIP1002192.168.3.201Eth0/0router-49的配置命令：[router-49]interfaceEthernet0/1[router-49-Ethernet0/1]ipaddress192.168.1.201255.255.255.0[router-49-Ethernet0/1]interfaceEthernet0/0[router-49-Ethernet0/0]ipaddress192.168.3.201255.255.255.0[router-49-Ethernet0/0]quit[router-49]rip[router-49-rip-1]network192.168.1.0[router-49-rip-1]network192.168.3.0[router-49-rip-1]quit[router-49]displayrip1routeRouteFlags:R-RIP,T-TRIPP-Permanent,A-Aging,S-Suppressed,G-Garbage-collectPeer192.168.1.206 onEthernet0/1Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec192.168.4.0/24 192.168.1.206 1 0 RA 13Peer192.168.3.169 onEthernet0/0Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec192.168.2.0/24 192.168.3.169 1 0 RA 30[router-49]displayiprouting-tableRoutingTables:PublicDestinations:8 Routes:8Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface127.0.0.0/8 Direct0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop014127.0.0.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.1.0/24Direct00192.168.1.201Eth0/1192.168.1.201/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.2.0/24RIP 1001192.168.3.169Eth0/0192.168.3.0/24Direct00192.168.3.201Eth0/0192.168.3.201/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.4.0/24RIP 1001192.168.1.206Eth0/1guang2的配置命令：[guang2]interfaceEthernet0/1[guang2-Ethernet0/1]ipaddress192.168.4.206255.255.255.0[guang2-Ethernet0/1]interfaceEthernet0/0[guang2-Ethernet0/0]ipaddress192.168.1.206255.255.255.0[guang2-Ethernet0/0]quit[guang2]rip[guang2-rip-1]network192.168.1.0[guang2-rip-1]network192.168.4.0[guang2-rip-1]quit[guang2]displayrip1routeRouteFlags:R-RIP,T-TRIPP-Permanent,A-Aging,S-Suppressed,G-Garbage-collectPeer192.168.1.201 onEthernet0/0Destination/MaskNexthopCostTagFlagsSec192.168.2.0/24192.168.1.20120RA11192.168.3.0/24192.168.1.20110RA11[guang2]displayiprouting-tableRoutingTables:PublicDestinations:8 Routes:8Destination/MaskProto PreCostNextHopInterface127.0.0.0/8Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0127.0.0.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.1.0/24Direct00192.168.1.206Eth0/0192.168.1.206/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.2.0/24RIP 1002192.168.1.201Eth0/0192.168.3.0/24RIP 1001192.168.1.201Eth0/015192.168.4.0/24Direct00192.168.4.206Eth0/1192.168.4.206/32試驗結(jié)果：Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0結(jié)果分析：rip的優(yōu)先級更高，所以先刪除靜態(tài)路由，以確保路由表中沒有靜態(tài)路由，ripripping通，配置成功。8OSPF配置組網(wǎng)組網(wǎng)圖：PORT0/0PORT0/0192.168.3.169PORT0/0192.168.3.201PORT0/1192.168.1.201PORT0/0192.168.1.206PORT0/1192.168.2.169router-13router-49guang2PORT0/1192.168.4.206AREA0AREA1SwitchSwitchPC1PC2192.168.2.155192.168.4.15416配置命令：router13的配置命令：[router13]ospf[router13-ospf-1]area0[router13-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network192.168.2.00.0.0.255[router13-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network192.168.3.00.0.0.255[router13-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit[router13-ospf-1]quit[router13]displayospfroutingOSPFProcess1withRouterID192.168.3.169RoutingTablesRoutingforNetworkDestinationCostTypeNextHopAdvRouterArea192.168.3.0/241Transit192.168.3.169192.168.3.1690.0.0.0192.168.4.0/243Inter192.168.3.201192.168.3.2010.0.0.0192.168.1.0/242Inter192.168.3.201192.168.3.2010.0.0.0192.168.2.0/241Stub192.168.2.169192.168.3.1690.0.0.0TotalNets:4IntraArea:2InterArea:2ASE:0NSSA:0[router13]displayiprouting-tableRoutingTables:PublicDestinations:8Destination/Mask ProtoPreRoutes:8CostNextHopInterface127.0.0.0/8 Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0127.0.0.1/32 Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.1.0/24OSPF102192.168.3.201Eth0/0192.168.2.0/24Direct00192.168.2.169Eth0/1192.168.2.169/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.3.0/24Direct00192.168.3.169Eth0/0192.168.3.169/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.4.0/24OSPF103192.168.3.201Eth0/0router-49的配置命令：[router1-49]ospf[router-49-ospf-1]area0[router-49-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network192.168.3.00.0.0.25517[router-49-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]area1[router-49-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network192.168.1.00.0.0.255[router-49-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]quit[router-49-ospf-1]quit[router-49]displayospfroutingOSPFProcess1withRouterID192.168.3.201RoutingTablesRoutingforNetworkDestinationCostTypeNextHopAdvRouterArea192.168.3.0/241Transit192.168.3.201192.168.3.1690.0.0.0192.168.4.0/242Stub192.168.1.206192.168.4.2060.0.0.1192.168.1.0/241Transit192.168.1.201192.168.3.2010.0.0.1192.168.2.0/242Stub192.168.3.169192.168.3.1690.0.0.0TotalNets:4IntraArea:4InterArea:0ASE:0NSSA:0[router-49]displayiprouting-tableRoutingTables:PublicDestinations:8 Routes:8Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface127.0.0.0/8Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0127.0.0.1/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.1.0/24Direct00192.168.1.201Eth0/1192.168.1.201/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.2.0/24OSPF102192.168.3.169Eth0/0192.168.3.0/24Direct00192.168.3.201Eth0/0192.168.3.201/32Direct00127.0.0.1InLoop0192.168.4.0/24OSPF102192.168.1.206Eth0/1guang2的配置命令：[guang2]ospf[guang2-ospf-1]area1[guang2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network192.168.1.00.0.0.