動(dòng)詞和賓語的關(guān)系▲有些不及物動(dòng)詞后跟特定的介詞時(shí)可有賓語，如insist（on）/agree（on,to）/complain（of）/boast（of）/look（at）等，但當(dāng)跟賓語從句時(shí)介詞可省略。例：Theyinsistedonmygoingalone.TheyinsistedthatIshouldgoalone.s+v+o在此句型中，V是及物動(dòng)詞，0（賓語）可以是名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。.下列動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語：afford,agree,arrange,attempt,care,chance,choose,claim,consent,decide,decline,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen9hope,intend,learn,long,managemean9offer, preparetpresume,pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,seek,tend,undertakeywant等。例：Iintendedtoarriveby10thismorning,buttherainheldmeup.Icanoffertohelpeveryoneintrouble..下列動(dòng)詞要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語；acknowledge,admit,advise,allow,anticipateappreciate,avoid,consider,complete>contemplate^delay,deny,endure,enjoy,escape,evade,facilitate,favor,flnish^forbid,forgive,imagine,include9involve,mind,miss,practice,practise（Am.E）permit,postpone,quit,resent,resume,suggest等；以及動(dòng)詞短語如approveof,beused/accustomedto,insiston,lookfor,wardto,objectto等；例：Wecannotunderstandwhyheavoidedspeakingtous..有些動(dòng)詞后既可跟動(dòng)詞不定式，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但下列情況需要注意。（1）意義明顯不同，如forget,remember,regret,mean等。例：Heforgottoclosethewindow.（忘/去做一件事）Heforgotclosingthewindow.（忘記曾做過的一件事）Pleaseremembertobuyadictionaryforme.（記住要做的一件事）Irememberbuying（orhavingbought）thedictionary.（記得曾做過的——件事）IregrettosaythatIcannotcome.（對現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪l(fā)生的事表示遺憾）Mr.Greensregrettedselling（orhavingsold）thecar.（對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到后悔）Imeantodrivehere,butmycarbrokedown.（打算、企圖）Successmeansworkingveryhard.（意味著）forget,remember,regret三個(gè)詞后跟不定式（一般式），表示其動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生：跟動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生（若有一般式不要選完成式，還要注意是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系）。（2）意義近似,用法略有區(qū)別,如attempt,begin,continue9cease,hate,like,love,neglect,omit,propose,start等。例：Pleasedon'tneglectomitlocking/tolockthedoorwhenyouleave.Ibeganlearning/tolearnEnglishwhenIwasonlyfive.Shestartedworking/toworkataradiofactory.注：在begin,start用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，只能用不定式。例：Shewasbeginningtogetangry.在begin,start之后有動(dòng)詞understand和realize只用不定式。例：Hebegantounderstandwhatshereallywanted.cease后用不定式表示永久的情況，用動(dòng)名詞表示短時(shí)的情況。例；TheoldGermanEmpireceasedtoexistin1918.(不復(fù)存在了)Thefactoryhasceasedmakingbicycles.(暫時(shí)停止生產(chǎn)自行車)在like,hate,prefer,love等詞之后，廂不定式表示特定的、某一具體的動(dòng)作，特別是其前面有would,should等時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞則表示一般傾向、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例：Ishouldliketoswimingreatstorms.Idon'tlikediscussingthembehindtheirbacks.Hehatestosmokeintheoffice.Hehatessmokinganywhere.Iprefertodrivethere.Soyoupreferlivinginthesuburbs?(3)在stop,quit,goon,try之后，用不定式，為目的狀語，表示停下正在做的事情，去做不定式所表示的事情，用動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，為賓語，表示停止或繼續(xù)做動(dòng)名詞所表示的事情，即原來的事情。例：We'11setoffassoonasitquitssnowing.Hegaveusabriefingandwentontoshowusthecampus.Trypressingthegreenbuttonandseeifthemachinecanbestarted.(4)need,want,require,deserve四個(gè)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)含義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例：Theelectricshaverneedsrepairing(=toberepaired)befbreitcanbeused.Thenaughtyboydeservespunishing.(=tobepunished)S+V+Oi+Od在此句型中，V為及物動(dòng)詞，后帶雙賓語，Oi為間接賓語，Od為直接賓語。該句型亦可改寫為S+V+Od+to/for+Oi結(jié)構(gòu)。例；Anngaveherdaughteradoll.Anngaveadolltoherdaughter.Myfriendboughtmeadictionary.Myfriendboughtadictionaryforme.▲Od為代詞時(shí)，須緊跟在V后面，若Od與Oi都是代詞，Od一般放在前面，后接to/for+Oio例：Wearegoingtofinditforourguests.Myteacherrecommendedittome.▲Oi后移時(shí)，其前邊加介詞t。表示Oi是動(dòng)作的承受者.適合于這種用法的動(dòng)詞有assign,award,bring,deliver,deny,give,grant,guarantee,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pay,promise,recommend,sent,take,teach,tell等,基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“動(dòng)詞+sth.+to+sb.例：Thedoctordeniednothingtohiswife.▲Oi后移時(shí)—其前邊加介詞for表示Oi是動(dòng)作的受益者。適用于這種用法的動(dòng)詞有book,build9buy,cash,change9choose等，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“動(dòng)詞+sth.+sb.例：mpreparesupperforyou.s+voc。該句型中比較復(fù)雜的是Co(補(bǔ)語)，它可以是帶to或不帶t。的動(dòng)詞不定式，也可以是現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、名詞、形容詞或介詞短語等。.要求用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語(即補(bǔ)語)的動(dòng)詞⑴要求用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有advise,allow,ask,cause,challenge,command,compebdecide,desire,determine,order,enable>encourage,expect,forbid,force,instruct,intend,like9oblige,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,tell,urge,want等，表示要求、愿望、促使、好惡、允許或命令等，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“動(dòng)詞+sb./sth.+todo."例:Marianencouragedherbrotherstoenjoythemselves；Theteacherremindsthestudentstolookupallthenewwords.注：在“動(dòng)詞+sb./sth.+tobe”結(jié)構(gòu)中，tobe+名詞、形容詞或介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語，tobe可以被省略，該結(jié)構(gòu)可改寫為“動(dòng)詞+sb./sth.+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語”。這類動(dòng)詞有acknowledge,appoint*assumeybelieve,consider,find,hold,imagine*prove,report,supposeyunderstand等。其中understand后的賓語補(bǔ)足語中的tobe不能省略。例：Weholdthesuggestion(tobe)impractical.(2)要求作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式不帶to的動(dòng)位I有hear,listento,watch,see,notice等感覺動(dòng)詞與have,let,make等使役動(dòng)詞。例：Moneymakesthemarego.注：當(dāng)see,make,hear等用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，原賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓語補(bǔ)足語變成了主語補(bǔ)足語，作主語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式要保留to。例：Marysawthemanenterherroom.ThemanwasseentoenterMary'sroom..可以用現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有see,hear,feel,keep,get,find,have,notice,observe,make,set,leave,declare等。用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)；賓語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者；用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，賓語是動(dòng)作的承受者。例：ThislearningapproachmakesEnglishgrammareasilyunderstood.IsawMr.Blackworkinginthereadingroomlastnight.注：“have+O+過去分詞”，表示“讓…受到…”“請人把…做…”?？梢杂糜谶@一結(jié)構(gòu)的還有g(shù)et,see,hear,want,find等動(dòng)詞。例：Hegothishaircut.Shesawthehouseburneddown.在感覺動(dòng)詞之后，現(xiàn)在分詞作Co（補(bǔ)語）表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，不定式作Co表示動(dòng)作巳結(jié)束。.可以用名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有call,name9make,elect,appoint,nominate9think,consider,leave等。例：WeelectedMarythemonitor.AnnienamedhercatKitty..可以用形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有make,paint,keep,find,think,consider,leave,turn,prove,believe等。例：Ihaveleftthewindowopen.Pleasekeepyourroomtidy..可以用介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語如下：accept...asdeclare?..asimagine...asreferto???asaccept...asdeclare?..asimagine...asreferto???asdefine...asguess??.as

speakof...as

describe...asrecognize...as regard...as acknowledge...astake...as appoint...as interpret...asclass...asintend.??asuse...as treat...aschoose...as know...as view...as其他的動(dòng)詞短語見四、六級(jí)動(dòng)詞短語總匯表。注:在S+V+0+Co句型中，若O是動(dòng)詞不定式，則用讓作形式賓語?，將不定式后移。例：Manypeoplefinditdifficulttoachievesuccessnowadays,.從動(dòng)詞的接續(xù)關(guān)系綜合起來看，以下三點(diǎn)需要提醒：一個(gè)動(dòng)詞往往適用于不同句型make:Onetreedoesn'tmakeaforest.(SVO)Hisactionsmadehimuniversallyrespected.(SVOC)Thehostmademeacupoftea.(SVOiOd)turn：Theleavesturnyellowinautumn.(SVC)Theearthturnsroundthesun.(SV)Iturnedmyhead.(SVO)Anxietyturnedhishairwhite.(SVOC)⑵短語動(dòng)詞屬于動(dòng)詞范疇，在含義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)詞,如turnup(—appear),putoff(—post