高考英語(yǔ)題型解題導(dǎo)——閱讀理解主旨大意題A人與動(dòng)物(2010·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·D)Sciencecan’texplainthepowerofpets,butmanystudieshaveshownthatthecompanyofpetscanhelplowerbloodpressure(血壓)andraisechancesofrecoveringfromaheartattack,reducelonelinessandspreadall-roundgoodcheer.

Anyownerwilltellyouhowmuchjoyapetbrings.Forsome,ananimalprovidesmorecomfortthanahusband/wife.A2002studybyKarenAllenoftheStateUniversityofNewYorkmeasuredstress(緊張)levelsandbloodpressureinpeople—halfofthempetowners-whiletheyperformed5minutesofmentalarithmetic(算術(shù))orheldahandinicewater.Subjectscompletedthetasksalone,withahusband/wife,aclosefriendorwithapet.Peoplewithpetsdiditbest.Thosetestedwiththeiranimalfriendshadsmallerchangeinbloodpressureandreturnedmostquicklytobaselineheartrates.Withpetsintheroom,peoplealsomadefewermathmistakesthanwhendoinginfrontofothercompanions.Itseemspeoplefeelmorerelaxed(放松)aroundpets,saysAllen,whothinksitmaybebecausepetsdon’tjudge.

Astudyreportedlastfallsuggeststhathavingapetdognotonlyraisesyourspiritsbutmayalsohaveaneffectonyoureatinghabits.ResearchersatNorthwesternMemorialHospitalspentayearstudying36fatpeopleandtheirequallyfatdogsondiet-and-exerciseprograms;aseparategroupof56peoplewithoutpetswereputonadietprogram.Onaverage,peoplelostabout11pounds,or5%oftheirbodyweight.Theirdogsdidevenbetter,losinganaverageof12pounds,morethan15%oftheirbodyweight.Dogownersdidn’tloseanymoreweightthanthosewithoutdogsbut,sayresearchers,gotmoreexerciseoverall—mostlywiththeirdogs—andfounditworthdoing.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，養(yǎng)寵物會(huì)給人帶來(lái)很多身心的好處，這篇文章告訴我們寵物對(duì)主人的好處。

1.Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?A.Whatpetsbringtotheirowners.B.Howpetshelppeoplecalmdown.C.People’sopinionsofkeepingpets.D.Pet’svalueinmedicalresearch.【解析】選A。主旨大意題。從全文的描述中很容易看出A項(xiàng)符合題意。2.Welearnfromthetextthatapersonwithheartdiseasehasabetterchanceofgettingwellif_____.A.hehasapetcompanionB.hehaslessstressofworkC.heoftendoesmentalarithmeticD.heistakencareofbyhisfamily【解析】選A。推理判斷題。從第一段的...andraisechancesofrecoveringfromaheartattack可知。3.AccordingtoAllen,whydidthepeopledobetterwithpetsaroundwhenfacingstressfultasks?A.Theyhavelowerbloodpressure.B.Theybecomemorepatient.C.Theyarelessnervous.D.Theyareinhigherspirits.【解析】選C。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的最后Itseemspeoplefeelmorerelaxedaroundpets...可知。4.Theresearchmentionedinthelastparagraphreportsthat_____.A.peoplewithdogsdidmoreexerciseB.dogslostthesameweightaspeopledidC.dogslikedexercisemuchmorethanpeopledidD.peoplewithoutdogsfoundtheprogramunhelpful【解析】選A。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從最后一段的最后一句話可知。B旅游度假(2010·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ·B)Whenyou’relyingonthewhitesandsoftheMexicanRiviera,thestresses(壓力)oftheworldseemamillionmilesaway.Hey,stop!Thisisnovacation-youhavetofinishsomething!

Hereliestheproblemfortravelwriterandfoodcritic(評(píng)論家)EdieJarolim.“Ialwayslovedtravelingandalwayslikedtoeat,butitneveroccurredtomethatIcouldmakemoneydoingbothofthosethings,”Jarolimsaid.Nowyoucanreadhertraveladviceeverywhere—inArtsandAntiques,inBrides,orinoneofherthreebooks,TheCompleteIdiot’sTravelGuidetoMexico’sBeachResorts.

Herjobintravelwritingbegansomeeightyearsago.AftergettingaPhDinEnglishinCanada,shetookatestforFrommer’stravelguides,passedit,andgotthejob.AfterworkingatFrommer’s,JarolimworkedforawhileatRoughGuidesinLondon,thenFodor’s,whereshefellsoinlovewithadescriptionoftheSouthwestoftheU.S.thatshemovedthere.Nowasatravelwriter,shespendsone-thirdofheryearontheroad.TherestofthetimeisspentcompletinghertasksandwritingreviewsofrestaurantsathomeinTucson,Arizona.Asadventurousasthejobsounds,thehardpartisfact-checkingalltheinformation.Sure,it’sgreattowriteaboutatouristattraction,butyou’dbettergetthelocal(當(dāng)?shù)氐?museumhourscorrectoryoucouldreallyruinsomeone’svacation.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】當(dāng)度假旅行不是一種休閑娛樂(lè)的方式，而是一種謀生的手段時(shí)，它會(huì)是一種什么樣的職業(yè)呢？5.WhichcountrydoesJarolimliveinnow?A.Mexico.B.TheU.S.C.TheU.K.D.Canada.【解析】選B。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“...shefellsoinlovewithadescriptionoftheSouthwestoftheU.S.thatshemovedthere.”可知Jarolim搬到了美國(guó)定居。6.WhatismostdifficultforJarolim?A.Workingindifferentplacestocollectinformation.B.Checkingallthefactstobewrittenintheguides.C.Finishingherworkassoonaspossible.D.Passingatesttowritetravelguides.【解析】選B。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“...thehardpartisfact-checkingalltheinformation.”可推知。7.WhatdoweknowaboutJarolimfromthetext?A.Sheissuccessfulinherjob.B.Shefindsherlifefullofstresses.C.Shespendshalfofhertimetraveling.D.Sheisespeciallyinterestedinmuseums.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。由第二段中的“Nowyoucanreadhertraveladviceeverywhere...”可知Jarolim在旅游資訊與飲食評(píng)論方面已取得了很大的成績(jī)。8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AdventuresinTravelWritingB.WorkingasaFoodCriticC.TravelGuidesontheMarketD.VacationingforaLiving【解析】選D。主旨大意題?？v觀全文可以了解到文中主人公Jarolim的旅行不是為了休閑，而是為了完成自己的創(chuàng)作與評(píng)論，這是她的工作與職業(yè)所在。C文化教育(2010·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)·B)EDGEWOOD—EverymorningatDixieHeightsHighSchool,customerspourintoaspecialexperiment:thedistrict’sfirstcoffeeshoprunmostlybystudentswithspeciallearningneeds.

Wellbeforeclassesstart,studentsandteachersorderLattes,CappuccinosandHotChocolates.Then,duringthefirstperiod,teacherscallinordersontheirroomphones,andstudentsmakedeliveries.Byclosingtimeat9:20a.m.,theshopusuallysells90drinks.

“Whoevermadethechitea.Ms.Schatzmansaysitwasgood,”ChristyMcKinley,asecondyearstudent,announcedrecently,afterhangingupwiththeteacher.TheshopiscalledtheDixiePIT,whichstandsforPowerinTransition.Althoughsomeofthestudentsarenotdisabled,manyare,andthePIThelpsthemprepareforlifeafterhighschool.

Theylearnnotonlyhowtorunacoffeeshopbutalsohowtodealwiththeiraffairs.Theykeepatimecardandreceivepaychecks,whichtheykeepincheckregisters.Special-educationteachersKimChevalierandSueCaseyintroducedtheDixiePITfromasimilarprogramatKennesawMountainHighSchoolinGeorgia.

Notthatitwaseasy.Chevalier’sfirstproblemtoovercomewasproduct-related.Shouldschoolsbesellingcoffee?Whataboutsugarcontent?KentonCountyFoodServiceDirectorGingerGrayhelped.Shemadesureallthedrinks,whichusenon-fatmilk,fellwithinnutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng))guidelines.

Thewholeschoolhasjoinedintohelp.Teachersagreedtogiveuptheirlounge(休息室)inthemornings.Artstudentspaintedthenameoftheshoponthewall.Businessstudentsdesignedthepaychecks.Thebasketballteamhelpedpayforcups.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文主要介紹一種特殊的教育活動(dòng)，以DixieHeightsHighSchool為例詳細(xì)說(shuō)明其教育模式、教育理念等。9.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Abest-sellingcoffee.B.Aspecialeducationalprogram.C.Governmentsupportforschools.D.Anewtypeofteacher-studentrelationship.【解析】選B。主旨大意題。從文章行文可看出B項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容相符。10.TheDixiePITprogramwasintroducedinorderto_____.A.raisemoneyforschoolaffairsB.dosomeresearchonnutritionC.developstudents’practicalskillsD.supplyteacherswithdrinks【解析】選C。推理判斷題。由第五段中的“Theshopiscalled...helpsthemprepareforlifeafterhighschool.”及第六段首句可看出C項(xiàng)符合。11.WeknowfromthetextthatGingerGray_____.A.managestheDixiePITprograminKentonCountyB.seesthatthedrinksmeethealthstandardsC.teachesatDixieHeightsHighSchoolD.ownstheschool’scoffeeshop【解析】選B。推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段第二句可得出。D社會(huì)生活(2010·江蘇·D)Imagine,oneday,gettingoutofbedinBeijingandbeingatyourofficeinShanghaiinonlyacoupleofhours,andthen,afterafulldayofwork,goingbackhometoBeijingandhavingdinnerthere.

Soundsunusual,doesn’tit?Butit’snotthatunrealistic,withthedevelopmentofChina’shigh-speedrailwaysystem.Andthat’snotall.Chinahasanevengreaterhigh-speedrailwayplan—toconnectthecountrywithSoutheastAsia,andeventuallyEasternEurope.

Chinaisnegotiatingtoextenditsownhigh-speedrailwaynetworktoupto17countriesin10to15years,eventuallyreachingLondonandSingapore.Chinahasproposedthreesuchprojects.ThefirstwouldpossiblyconnectKunmingwithSingaporeviaVietnamandMalaysia.AnothercouldstartinUrumqiandgothroughKazakhstanandUzbekistanandpossiblytoGermany.ThethirdwouldstartinthenortheastandgonorththroughRussiaandthenintoWesternEurope.

IfChina’splanforthehigh-speedrailwaygoesforward,peoplecouldzipoverfromLondontoBeijinginundertwodays.ThenewsystemwouldstillfollowChina’shigh-speedrailwaystandard.Andthetrainswouldbeabletogo346kilometersanhour,almostasfastassomeairplanes.

China’sbullettrain(高速客車),theoneconnectingWuhantoGuangzhou,alreadyhastheworld’sfastestaveragespeed.Itcovers1,069kilometersinaboutthreehours.Ofcourse,therearesometechnicalchallengestoovercome.Therearesomanyissuesthatneedtobesettled,suchassafety,railgauge(軌距),maintenanceofrailwaytracks.So,it’simportanttopayattentiontoeverydetail.

Butthekeyissueisreallymoney.Chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanondomesticrailwayexpansion.Chinaprefersthattheothercountriespayinnaturalresourcesratherthanwithcapitalinvestment.ResourcesfromthosecountriescouldstreamintoChinatosustaindevelopment.

It’llbeawin-winproject.Forothercountries,therailwaynetworkwilldefinitelycreatemoreopportunitiesforbusiness,tourismandsoon,nottomentionthebettercommunicationamongthosecountries.

ForChina,suchaprojectwouldnotonlyconnectitwiththerestofAsiaandbringsomemuch-neededresources,butwouldalsohelpdevelopChina’sfarwest.Weforeseethatinthecomingdecades,millionsofpeoplewillmigratetothewesternregions,wherethelandisemptyandresourcesunused.Withhigh-speedtrains,peoplewillsetupfactoriesandbusinesscentersinthewestonceandforall.Andthey’lltradewithCentralAsianandEasternEuropeancountries.

【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】中國(guó)高速鐵路系統(tǒng)逐漸形成，這一系統(tǒng)還要進(jìn)一步延伸到多達(dá)17個(gè)國(guó)家,甚至到達(dá)倫敦和新加坡。12.China’snewhigh-speedrailwayplanwillbeawin-winprojectbecause_____.A.Chinawillgetmuch-neededresourcesanddevelopitswesternregionsB.ChinaandthecountriesinvolvedwillbenefitfromtheprojectinvariouswaysC.ChinawilldevelopitsrailwaysystemandcommunicationwithothercountriesD.theforeigncountriesinvolvedwilldeveloptheirrailwaytransportation,businessandtourism【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后兩段可知，這一高速鐵路系統(tǒng)不僅有益于中國(guó)，對(duì)其他國(guó)家而言當(dāng)然也會(huì)在商業(yè)、旅游等方面得到更多的機(jī)會(huì)。13.Accordingtothepassage,thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis_____.A.technicalissuesB.safetyofthesystemC.financialproblemsD.maintenanceofrailwaytracks【解析】選C。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第九段第一句話“Butthekeyissueisreallymoney”可知C項(xiàng)正確。14.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardsChina’shigh-speedrailwayplan?A.Critical.B.Reserved.C.Doubtful.D.Positive.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。文章最后一段是作者對(duì)未來(lái)中國(guó)高速鐵路網(wǎng)前景的展望。故D項(xiàng)正確。15.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.NewRailwayStandardsB.BigRailwayDreamsC.High-speedBulletTrainsD.InternationalRailwayNetwork【解析】選B。主旨大意題。全文主要介紹中國(guó)高速鐵路網(wǎng)未來(lái)計(jì)劃，故標(biāo)題應(yīng)為BigRailwayDreams。E社會(huì)生活(2010·天津·D)Toerrishuman.Toblametheotherguyisevenmorehuman.Commonsenseisnotallthatcommon.Whytellthetruthwhenyoucancomeupwithagoodexcuse?

Thesethreepopularmisquotes(戲謔的引語(yǔ))aremeanttobejokes,andyettheytellusalotabouthumannature.Toerr,ortomakemistakes,isindeedapartofbeinghuman,butitseemsthatmostpeopledon’twanttoaccepttheresponsibilityforhavingmadeamistake.Theynaturallylookforsomeoneelsewhocouldberesponsiblefortheproblem.Perhapsitisthenaturalthingtodo.Theoriginalquoteabouthumannaturewentlikethis:“Toerrishuman,toforgive,divine(神圣的).”Thissayingmirrorsanideal:peopleshouldbeforgivingofothers’mistakes.Instead,wetendtodotheopposite—findsomeoneelsetopasstheblameonto.However,takingresponsibilityforsomethingthatwentwrongisamarkofgreatmaturity.

Commonsenseiswhatwecallclearthought.Havingcommonsensemeanshavingagoodgeneralplanthatwillmakethingsworkwell,anditalsomeansstayingwiththeplan.Commonsensetellsyouthatyoutakeanumbrellaoutintoarainstorm,butyouleavetheumbrellahomewhenyouhearaweatherforecastforsunshine.Commonsensedoesnotseemtobecommonforlargeorganizations,becausetherearesomanythingsgoingonthatonepersoncannotbeinchargeofeverything.Peoplesaythatinalargecompany,“therighthanddoesnotknowwhatthelefthandisdoing.”Andwhatiswrongwithasocietythatthinksthatmakingupagoodexcuseislikecreatingaworkofart?Oneofthecommonproblemswithmakingexcusesisthatpeople,especiallyyoungpeople,gettheideathatit’sokaynottobetotallyhonestallthetime.Thereisacorollary(直接推論)tothat:ifagoodexcuseis“good”evenifitisn’thonest,thenwhereistheplaceofthetruth?【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】把責(zé)任推給他人；常識(shí)未必常見(jiàn)；既然你能編造借口何必要講事實(shí)？這些都是人類之本性。16.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingseemsthemosthuman?A.Tosearchfortruth.B.Toachieveone’sideal.C.Tomakefunofothers’mistakes.D.Tocriticizeothersforone’sownerror.【解析】選D。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段Instead,wetendtodotheopposite-findsomeoneelsetopasstheblameonto.可知D項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。17.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisasignofaman’smaturity?A.Doingthingshisownway.B.Bearingresponsibilityforhismistakes.C.Makingasfewmistakesaspossible.D.Thinkingseriouslyabouthiswrongdoings.【解析】選B。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知答案，即“承擔(dān)責(zé)任是成熟之標(biāo)志”。18.WhichofthefollowingisNOTbasedoncommonsense?A.Amantriestotakechargeofeverythinginalargecompany.B.Astudentgoesoutwithanumbrellainstormyweather.C.Acompany’snextmovefollowsagoodplan.D.Alawyeractsonfinejudgments.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段可知選項(xiàng)B“學(xué)生在暴風(fēng)日子帶傘”，選項(xiàng)C“公司按計(jì)劃運(yùn)行”，選項(xiàng)D“律師按好的判斷行事”均為常識(shí)。故A為正確選項(xiàng)。19.Whatistheauthor’sopinionaboutagoodexcuse?A.Makingagoodexcuseissometimesabetterpolicy.B.Inventingagoodexcuseneedscreativeideas.C.Agoodexcuseisasrewardingashonesty.D.Bittertruthisbetterthanagoodexcuse.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，難以接受的事實(shí)終歸要強(qiáng)于一個(gè)好的借口。20.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.AMirrorofHumanNatureB.ToBlameortoForgiveC.AMarkofMaturityD.TruthorExcuse【解析】選A。主旨大意題。本文根據(jù)三句戲謔的引語(yǔ)，講述關(guān)于人類的本性，故選擇A項(xiàng)。其他三項(xiàng)為分述各部分的不同主題。A家庭教育(2010·遼寧·C)ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren’sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesofgettingacollegedegree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren.

Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.ThosewithTVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpointsloweronmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildrenwithoutbedroomTVs.

Asecondstudy,lookingatnearly1,000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundlowereducationlevelsamong26-year-oldswhohadwatchedlotsofTVduringchildhood.Buttheresultsdon’tprovethatTVisthecauseanddon’truleoutthatalreadypoorlymotivatedyoungsters(年輕人)maywatchlotsofTV.

TheirstudymeasuredtheTVhabitsof26-year-oldsbetweenages5and15.ThosewithcollegedegreeshadwatchedanaverageoflessthantwohoursofTVperweeknightduringchildhood,comparedwithanaverageofmorethan2hoursforthosewhohadnoeducationbeyondhighschool.

IntheCaliforniastudy,childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescoredthelowest,whilethosewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest.WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoaccumulatingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn’thaveTVsintheirbedrooms.

【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文講的是在新西蘭和加利福尼亞進(jìn)行的關(guān)于看太多電視對(duì)孩子學(xué)習(xí)的影響的兩項(xiàng)調(diào)查，雖然調(diào)查結(jié)果不能證明看太多電視是孩子學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)低的直接原因，但在孩子臥室里放電視是不受鼓勵(lì)的。1.AccordingtotheCaliforniastudy,thelow-scoringgroupmight_____.A.havewatchedalotofTVB.notbeinterestedinmathC.beunabletogotocollegeD.havehadcomputersintheirbedrooms【解析】選A。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句話可知選A，其他三項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容不符。2.Whatistheresearchers’understandingoftheNewZealandstudyresults?A.Poorlymotivated26-year-oldswatchmoreTV.B.HabitsofTVwatchingreducelearninginterest.C.TVwatchingleadstolowereducationlevelsofthe15-year-olds.D.TheconnectionbetweenTVandeducationlevelsisdifficulttoexplain.【解析】選D。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Buttheresultsdon’tprove...maywatchlotsofTV.”可知，很難解釋看電視與教育程度之間的聯(lián)系。3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Moretimeshouldbespentoncomputers.B.ChildrenshouldbeforbiddenfromwatchingTV.C.TVsetsshouldn’tbeallowedinchildren’sbedrooms.D.Furtherstudiesonhigh-achievingstudentsshouldbedone.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。倒數(shù)第二段中提到“房間里有電視沒(méi)有電腦的孩子得分最低，而有電腦沒(méi)有電視的得分最高”，但并不是說(shuō)應(yīng)該把更多的時(shí)間花在電腦上，故A不對(duì)；最后一段提到不應(yīng)該在孩子的屋里放電視機(jī)，但不是說(shuō)禁止孩子看電視，故排除B;D項(xiàng)在文中沒(méi)有提到。4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.ComputersorTelevisionB.EffectsofTelevisiononChildrenC.StudiesonTVandCollegeEducationD.TelevisionandChildren’sLearningHabits【解析】選B。主旨大意題。從第一段最后可以看出本文講的是電視對(duì)孩子的影響，即EffectsofTelevisiononChildren。整個(gè)短文也是圍繞此話題展開(kāi)的，故選B。B社會(huì)生活(2010·福建·B)ForgetTwitterandFacebook,GoogleandtheKindle.Televisionisstillthemostinfluentialmediumaround.Indeed,formanyofthepoorestregions(地區(qū))oftheworld,itremainsthenextbigthing—finallybecomesgloballyavailable.Andthatisagoodthing,becausetheTVrevolutionischanginglivesforthebetter.

Acrossthedevelopingworld,around45%offamilieshadaTVin1995;by2005thenumberhadclimbedabove60%.ThatissomewaybehindtheU.S.,wheretherearemoreTVsthanpeople,andwherepeoplenoweasilygetaccesstotheInternet.Fivemillionmorefamiliesinsub-SaharanAfricawillgetaTVoverthenextfiveyears.In2005,afterthefalloftheTaliban(塔利班),whichhadoutlawedTV,1in5Afghanshadone.Theglobaltotalisanother150millionby2013—pushingthenumberstowellbeyondtwothirdsoffamilies.

Television’smostpowerfuleffectwillbeonthelivesofwomen.InIndia,researchersRobertJensenandEmilyOsterfoundthatwhenTVsreachedvillages,womenweremorelikelytogotothemarketwithouttheirhusbands’approvalandlesslikelytowantaboyratherthanagirl.Theyweremorelikelytomakedecisionsoverchildhealthcare.TVisalsoapowerfulmediumforadulteducation.IntheIndianstateofGujarat,ChitrageetisapopularshowthatplaysBollywoodsongswithwordsinGujarationthescreen.Withinsixmonths,viewershadmadeasmallbutsignificant(有意義的)improvementintheirreadingskills.

ToomuchTVhasbeenassociatedwithviolence,overweightandloneliness.However,TVishavingapositiveinfluenceonthelivesofbillionsworldwide.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】電視節(jié)目雖然與暴力、肥胖和孤獨(dú)聯(lián)系在一起，但是它對(duì)世界上成千上萬(wàn)人的生活的積極影響是現(xiàn)實(shí)存在而不可忽視的。5.Theunderlinedword“outlawed”inParagraph2probablymeans“_____”.A.allowedB.bannedC.offeredD.refused【解析】選B。猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)第二段畫(huà)線單詞所在的前后句可知隨著塔利班的下臺(tái)，阿富汗人的電視擁有量有所增加，所以可以斷定塔利班組織是禁止人們看電視的。6.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.AmericansusedtogetaccesstotheInterneteasily.B.Theworld’sTVsetswilltotal150millionby2013.C.45%offamiliesinthedevelopingcountrieshadaTVin2005.D.OvertwothirdsoffamiliesintheworldwillhaveaTVby2013.【解析】選D。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話“...pushingthenumberstowellbeyondtwothirdsoffamilies.”可推斷出。7.Theauthorintendsto_____.A.stresstheadvantagesofTVtopeople’slivesB.persuadewomentobecomemoreindependentC.encouragepeopletoimprovetheirreadingskillsD.introducethereaderssomewebsitessuchasGoogle【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句話“However,TVishavingapositiveinfluenceonthelivesofbillionsworldwide.”可知作者主要是強(qiáng)調(diào)電視在人們生活中的積極影響。8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TVWillRuletheWorldB.TVWillDisturbtheWorldC.TVWillBettertheWorldD.TVWillRemainintheWorld【解析】選C。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“...becausetheTVrevolutionischanginglivesforthebetter.”可知下文主要是圍繞此話題展開(kāi)的。C家庭教育(2010·浙江·A)Whenyouarelittle,thewholeworldfeelslikeabigplayground.IwaslivinginConyers,Georgiathesummeritallhappened.Iwasasecondgrader,butmybestfriendStephaniewasonlyinthefirstgrade.Bothofourparentswereatworkandmostofthetimetheyletusgoourownway.ItwasahotafternoonandwedecidedtohaveanadventureinStephanie’sbasement.AsIopenedthebasementdoor,beforeuslaythebiggestroom,fullofamazingthingslikeguns,dolls,andoldclothes.Irandownstairs,andspottedaredsteelcan.Itwaspaint.Ilookedbeyonditandtherelayevenmorepaintinbrightcolorslikepurple,orange,blueandgreen.

“Stephanie,Ijustfoundusaprojectfortheday.Getsomepaintbrushes.Wearefixingtopaint.”ShescreamedwithexcitementasItoldherofmysecretplansandimmediatelywegottowork.Wegatheredallthebrusheswecouldfindandmovedallofourmaterialstomyyard.Thereontheroadinfrontofmyhouse,wepaintedbigstripes(條紋)ofcolorsacrossthepavement(人行道).Stripebystripe,ourcolorsturnedintoabeautifulrainbow.Itwasfantastic!

Thesunwasstartingtosink.IsawacarinthedistanceandjumpedupasIrecognizedthecar.Itwasmymother.Icouldn’twaittoshowhermymasterpiece.Thecarpulledslowlyintothedrivewayandfromthelookonmymother’sface,IcouldtellthatIwasindeeptrouble.

Mymothershutthecardoorandwalkedtowardsme.Hereyesglaring,sheshouted,“Whatintheworldwereyouthinking?Iunderstoodwhenyoumadecastlesoutofleaves,andclimbedtheneighbors’trees,butthis!Comeinsiderightnow!”Istoodthereglaringbackatherforaminute,angrybecauseshehadinsulted(侮辱）myart.

“Nowgocleanitup!”MotherandIbegancleaningtheroad.TearsrandownmycheeksasIsawmybeautifulrainbowturnintoblackcement.Thoughyearshavenowpassed,Istillwonderwheremyrainbowhasgone.Iwonderif,maybewhenIgetolder,Icanfindmyrainbowandneverhavetobrushitaway.Iguessweallneedsomesortofrainbowtobrightenourlivesfromtimetotimeandtokeepourhopesanddreamscolorful.

【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】孩子們的童年充滿快樂(lè)，自由自在，對(duì)未來(lái)懷有無(wú)盡的夢(mèng)想。心中彩虹能否更加色彩斑斕？我們成年人應(yīng)如何去做？9.Whatdidthewriterwanttodowhenhismothercamehome?A.TointroduceStephanietoher.B.Topreventherfromseeinghispainting.C.Toputthematerialsbackintheyard.D.Toshowhisartworktoher.【解析】選D。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段Icouldn’twaittoshowhermymasterpiece.可判斷答案為D。10.Inhismother’seyes,thewriter_____.A.wasabornartistB.alwayscausedtroubleC.wasaproblemsolverD.workedveryhard【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段和第五段母親說(shuō)的話可以推斷出作者總是惹麻煩。11.Theunderlinedword“rainbow”inthelastparagraphrefersto_____.A.therainbowintheskyB.thestripesonthepavementC.somethingimaginativeandfunD.importantlessonslearnedinchildhood【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)名詞后的定語(yǔ)可知此處rainbow引申為自己心中所想像到的美好事情。故選擇C項(xiàng)。12.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatparentsshould_____.A.encouragechildrentopaintB.valuefriendshipamongchildrenC.discoverthehiddentalentinchildrenD.protectratherthandestroychildren’sdreams【解析】選D。主旨大意題。對(duì)待孩子們的夢(mèng)想，父母要不斷去鼓勵(lì)，而不是去打擊，只有這樣他們心中之夢(mèng)才會(huì)愈加美麗。D社會(huì)生活(2010·湖北·C)Theywearthelatestfashionswiththemostup-to-dateaccessories(配飾).Yetthesearenotgirlsintheirteensortwentiesbutwomenintheirsixtiesandseventies.Agenerationwhichwouldonceonlywearold-fashionedclothesisnowfavouringthesamehighstreetlookswornbythosehalftheirage.

ProfessorJuliaTwigg,asocialpolicyexpert,said,“Womenover75arenowshoppingforclothesmorefrequentlythantheydidwhentheywereyounginthe1960s.Inthe1960sbuyingacoatforawomanwasaseriousmatter.Itwasanexpensiveitemthattheywouldpurchaseonlyeverythreeorfouryears—nowyoucanpickoneupatthesupermarketwheneveryouwishto.Fashionisalotcheaperandpeoplegettiredofthingsmorequickly.”P(pán)rofessorTwigganalysedfamilyexpenditure(支出)dataandfoundthatwhilethepercentageofspendingonclothesandshoesbywomenhadstayedaroundthesame-at5or6percentofspending—theamountofclothesboughthadrisensharply.Theprofessorsaid,“Clothesarenow70percentcheaperthantheywereinthe1960sbecauseofthehugeexpansionofproductionintheFarEast.Inthe1960sLeedswastheheartoftheBritishfashionindustryandthatwaswheremostoftheclothescamefrom,butnowalmostallofourclothesaresourcedelsewhere.Everyoneisbuyingmoreclothesbutingeneralwearenotspendingmoremoneyonthem.”FashiondesignerAngelaBarnard,whorunsherownfashionbusinessinLondon,saidolderwomenweremuchmoreaffecte