走語從句概念I(lǐng).定語從句起形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成份,并與先行詞維持?jǐn)?shù)的—致。關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注who人主語Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamwhom人賓語workingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whom,which和that在從句中做賓語時(shí)，?？梢允÷?，但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that關(guān)系代詞whose人，物定語Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人，物主語賓語Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworthwhich物主語賓語$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.

as人，物主語賓語Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做賓語一般不省略關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語ThisisthehousewhereIwasbom.可用inwhichwhy原因原因狀語Ican'timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhichILas與which的區(qū)別:從句區(qū)別例句限制性Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.定語從名詞前有such和thesame修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞Don'treadsuchbooksasyoucan't句中用as,不能用whichunderstand.as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.非限制“正如，象"的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可Theywonthegame,whichwehadn't性嗣以放在后面，那么用as;而which引導(dǎo)的從句expected.從句中只能放主句后，并無"正如"的意思。Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.HL限制性走語從句與非限制性走語從句的區(qū)別：類別語法意義及特征例句限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開。TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft非限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞作附加的說明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號(hào)分開，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語，不能用that引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞做賓語時(shí)也不能省略。Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.—、考點(diǎn)聚焦—、功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語二、位置:定語從句置于被修飾詞以后Thosewhoarewillingtoattendtheparty,signhereplease?3、 先行詞:被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞先行詞一樣是名詞和不定代詞，如:some-,any-,every-和no與-boy,?thing的合成詞；或all、none,any.some.that,those等代詞。數(shù)詞也能夠作先行詞，人稱代詞也一樣可作先彳預(yù)1。先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。必需注意兩點(diǎn):先行詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting?關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成份，其意思確實(shí)是先行詞的意義，因此在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。Therearemanyplaceswecanvisit(them)inChina.4、 關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語從句的都稱關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,which,that,whose,as。關(guān)系副詞：when,where,whyothat偶然也作關(guān)系副詞。五、 確信關(guān)系詞的步驟(1)先找關(guān)系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。(2)看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。六?在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，下列情形的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which、oneof(1)先行詞被①形容詞最高級(jí)②序數(shù)詞③數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被?only.any.few.little、n。、、oneof(2)先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時(shí)。(3)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。Hewaslookingpleasantlyattechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.先行詞在主句中作表語關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語時(shí)。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.當(dāng)主句中含有疑問詞which時(shí)。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?7、宜用which而不用that的情形在非限制性定語從句中在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)八、關(guān)系詞who與that指人時(shí)，也有不同情形別離用不同的關(guān)系詞(1)當(dāng)主句是therebe句型時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。(2)先行詞是為anyone,those,someone,everyone%one等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。(3)當(dāng)主句是who作疑問詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用thatWhoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?(4)whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。九.whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。如:DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?Thereisaroom,whosewindowfacestheriver.Thereisaroom,thewindowofwhichfacestheriver.關(guān)系代詞as,在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。(1)先行詞被such和thesame修飾，或句型asmany(much)中，從句都用as引導(dǎo)。Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsage.注意：區(qū)別①such…that…引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch.(2)thesame...that???弓I導(dǎo)定語從句。Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow.(2)無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別:①意義上：as含有“這點(diǎn)正如?????.一徉”。②位置上:as從句可置句首，也可在另處。Hedicin'tpasstheexam,aswehadexpected.Thereislotsofairinloosesnow,whichcankeepthecoldoutAsisknown,theearthisround,notflat1—%關(guān)系副詞when與where,why.thatwhen指時(shí)刻=in/at/on/duringwhichwhere指地址=in/at/from/whichwhy指緣故=forwhich當(dāng)先彳嗣為way、day.reason,time時(shí)，可用that作關(guān)系副詞。(非正式場(chǎng)合)Idon,tlikethewaythat/inwhich/hetalks.當(dāng)time作先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞能夠省掉。ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.1二.必需注意的問題(1)關(guān)系詞作主語時(shí),從句中謂語的數(shù)。(2)注意區(qū)別定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。定語從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成份，復(fù)合句。強(qiáng)調(diào)it無心義，that/who不是引導(dǎo)詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)itis/was和that/who后若是句子意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通則不是。Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyea匚(定語從句)Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)(3)定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。定語從句引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語。有時(shí)可省略。同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當(dāng)任何成份，不可省。Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位語)Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameas定語)(4)關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情形。關(guān)系詞作賓語，前無介詞時(shí)。關(guān)系詞作表語。(5)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的翻譯。(6)關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom.(7)幾個(gè)特殊的定語從句句型：?Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarksinthematch.(句中one為先行詞)Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(句中students為先彳摘)②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday??Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.④Itmayrain,inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.二精典名題導(dǎo)解九Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.(NMET2001)A.until B.that C.when D.where解析:答案為G本題考查分隔定語從句的關(guān)系詞的選擇。作好本題的關(guān)鍵是要能識(shí)別岀該定語從句的先行詞thehours和關(guān)系詞被介詞短語tome所分隔。定語從句的先行詞是表時(shí)刻的名詞hours,而且關(guān)系詞在從句頂用作狀語，故應(yīng)選擇表示時(shí)刻的關(guān)系副詞when. isknowntoeverybodyfthenoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(NMET2001)A.It B.As C.That D.What解析：答案為B。本題考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句。as作“正如.?????“解時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句來修飾整個(gè)句子。當(dāng)as在從句中作主語時(shí)，經(jīng)常使用于下列短語:asisknown、asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced等。要注意把握作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法。AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild.(NMET1996)A.which B.where C.that D.when解析：答案為Bo本題考查限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇。定語從句的先行詞是表示地址的名詞短語thesmalltown,且關(guān)系詞不作定語從句中的主語和賓語而作地址狀語因此定語從句必需用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。要注意分清先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，滋后選擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。定語從句高考題AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild.(NMET1996)A.which B.where C.that D.whenDorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay, fofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.(NMET2000)unhappy.A.who B.which C.this D.whatA.who B.which C.this D.whatCarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober, personallyIdoubtevermuch.A.it B.that C.when D.which(NMET1999)Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood, rwehadn'texpected.A.when Bthat C.which D.what(2000spring)Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear, forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup. (2000spring)A.that B.while C.which D.whenJohnsaidhe'dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour, wastrue.(2001spring)A.he B.this C.which D.whoreadaboutitinsomebookorotherfdoesitmatter itwas?(2001spring)A.where B>what C.how D.whichThefilmbroughtbackthehourstome Iwastakengoodcareofinthefar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.when D.where(NMET2001) isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.It B.As C.That D.What(NMET2001)Thefamousbasketballstar; triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.A.whereB.whenC.which D.Who (2002spring)Alecaskedthepoliceman heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccidentA.withhimB.who C.withwhomD.whom(2002Shanghai)There'safeelinginme we'llneverknowwhataUFOis■-notever.A.that B.which C.ofwhichD.what(2002Shanghai)13?Thefamousbasketballstar, triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.A.whereB.whenC.which D.Who(2002spring)Alecaskedthepoliceman heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccidentA.withhim B.who C.withwhom D.whom(2OO2Shanghai)A.withhim B.who C.withwhom D.whom(2OO2Shanghai)C.hisrealname D.whoserealnameC.hisrealname D.whoserealnameThere'safeelinginme we'llneverknowwhataUFOis??notever.A.that B?which C.ofwhich D.what(2002Shanghai)canthinkofmanycases studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay. (2OO3Shanghai)A.why B.which C.as D.whereThereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars roadconditionsneed—? (2003Shanghai)A.that..tobeimproved B.which...tobeimprovedC.ving D.when...improvingYork, lastyear,isaniceoldcity. (2003Beijing)A.that1visitedB.whichIvisitedC.where1visitedD.inwhich1visitedWearelivinginanage manythingsaredoneoncomputer.(2003Spring)A.which B.that C.whose D.whenTheEnglishplay mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhich C.inwhichD.onwhich(NMET2004-1)Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers shehadwipedherhands.(NMET2004-2)A.where B.which C.when D.thatThejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths, thesailingtimewas226days.(NMET2004-3)A.ofwhich B.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich23?Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf, fivearemine.(NMET2004-4)A.onwhich B.inwhich C.ofwhichD.fromwhichGeorgeOrwell, wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealname B.whathisrealname(Beijing2004) isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.It B?As C.That D.What(Beijing2004)Anyway,thatevening, FIItellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel'splace.A.whenB.whereC.what D.which(Zhejiang2004)Luckily,werdbroughtaroadmapwithout wewouldhavelostourway.A.it B.that C.this D.which(Beijing2004spring)Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers, rofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.Awho Bthat Cwhat Dwhich(Tianjin2004) isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.(Jiangshu2004)A.Which B.When C.What D.Asworkinabusiness almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.how B.which C.where D.that(Hunan2004)31?Therewas time Ihatedtogotoschool. (Hubei2004)A?a;thatB?a;whenC?the;thatD?the;when32?Therearetwobuildings, standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.(Hubei2004)A?thelarger B?thelargerofthemC?thelargeronethat D?thelargerofwhich33?Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut hesaidit(Hubei2004)A?thewayB?inthewaythatC.inthewayD?thewaywhich34.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyearf80% aresoldabroad.A?ofwhich B?whichof C.ofthemD?ofthat(Liaoning2004)35?Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone theycantalkfrequently.(Shanghai2004)A.who B.as C.aboutwhichD.withwhomA.who B.as C.aboutwhichD.withwhom36?Astorygoes ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt (Shanghai2004)A.when B.where C.what D.that37?Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace fjustasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly. (Shanghai05spring)A.which B.where C.there D.whatAlongwiththeletterwashispromise hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas>A.which B.that C.what D.whether(ditto)Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003, hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents'Union. (NMET2005Chongqing)A?duringwhichtime B?forwhichtimeC?duringwhosetime D?bythattimehavemanyfriends, somearebusinessmen. (NMET2005-1)A.ofthem B.fromwhichC.whoof D.ofwhomLastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering. (Tianjin2005)A.that B.whose C.those D.whatIfashophaschairs womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.(Shanghai2005)A.that B.whichC.when D.where43?一Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp? (Beijing2005)—Thereisnooneelse ,isthere?A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturnDoyoustillrememberthechickenfarm wevisitedthreemonthsago?A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what(BeijingO5spring)A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what(BeijingO5spring)Hersisterhasbecomealawyer, shewantedtobe. (Hubei2005)A.who B?that C.what D?whichTheplace thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest (Jiangshu2005)A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhichwalkedinourgarden, TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.A?which B?when C?where D?that(Liaoning2005)48.Doyouhaveanyidea isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A?that B.what C?as D.which(Liaoning2005)49?—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto? (Fujian2005)—Right,justtheone youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A?that B?whichC?where D?whatHewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool, hewentontoCambridge.(Shandong2005)A.fromwhichB?afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthisTheschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs theyarebeingtrained. (Jiangxi2005)A?inthatB?forthat C?inwhichD.forwhichJimpassedthedrivingtest surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.(Zhejiang2005)A?which B?thatC?this D?it53?Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.A?who B?thatC.as D.which(Zhejiang2005)54. Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.A?When B?AfterC.As D.Since(Zhejiang2005)55?Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt acureforAIDSwillbefound.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether(Guangdong2005)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether(Guangdong2005)2007年高考Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival, wasbeyondhiswildestdream.（上海卷）A.whichB.that C.where D.it—Wheredidyougettoknowher?—Itwasonthefarm weworked.（山東卷）A?that B?there C?which D?whereLastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehousef wantedtobuyit（安徽卷）A.noneofthemB.bothofthem C.noneofwhom D.neitherofwhomWeshouldn,tspentourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof arehealthy（北京卷）A.that B.which C.what D.whomByservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself, canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.（湖南卷）A.who B.which C.what D.thatHewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool, hewentontoBeijingUniversity.（江蘇卷）A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhich D.inthatAftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer sheheededtodecidewhattodo.（江西卷）A.that B.what C.which D.whereSomepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter, theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.（全國(guó)卷I）A.then B.there C.while D.whereToday,we#IIdiscussanumberofcases beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly>（陜西卷）A.which B.as C.why D.whereThethoughtofgoingbackhomewas kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad?（上海春）A?thatB?allthatC?allwhatD?whichItisreportedthattwoschools, arebeingbuiltinmyhometown.willopennextyear.（四川卷）A?theyboth B?whichbothC?bothofthemD?bothofwhichThosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity sightmattersmorethanhearing.（天津卷）A.when whose C.which D.whereChan'srestaurantonBakerStreet, usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.（浙江卷）A.that B.which C.who D.whereHumanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.（卷）A.withwhich B.towhich C.ofwhichD.forwhichEricreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear, hefoundajobinabigcompany.（遼寧卷）A.afterthat B.afterwhich C.afteritD.afterthisvillagehasdevelopedalot welearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.（福建卷）A.when B.which C.that D.where2008年高考!?Bynineo'clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,

appearedararerainbowsoon.（福建卷）A.ofwhich B.onwhich C.fromwhich D.abovewhichThegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbya