新譯林出版社高二選擇性必修二Unit2Sportsculture閱讀文章及語法知識(shí)預(yù)學(xué)案(附答案）一、課文（Reading）：TheOlympicGames及同步分段翻譯TheOlympicGames奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)Everyfouryears,thousandsof

highlytrainedandtalentedathletes

gathertogether

inthespiritoffriendship,solidarityandfairplay,readyto

testtheirabilitiesagainsteachotherinthehopeofbeingrecognizedasthebestofthebest.Thisisthe

Olympics—an

extraordinary

sporting

event

that

wasfirst

celebrated

about

3,000

years

ago.每隔四年，成千上萬訓(xùn)練有素、極具天賦的運(yùn)動(dòng)員承著友誼、團(tuán)結(jié)和公平爭的奧林匹克精神聚集在一起，準(zhǔn)備挑戰(zhàn)彼此的能力，希望成為世界公認(rèn)的精英中的精英。這就是奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)項(xiàng)非凡的體育賽事，首次舉辦于大約3，000年前。[Subheading1]TheancientOlympicGamesbeganintheyear776BCE.DuringtheearlyGames,onlyGreekmenwereallowedto

participate.They

competed

insucheventsas

boxing,runningandthelongjump.TheancientOlympicGameswereheldat

OlympiainGreeceeveryfouryears

for

almost

12

centuries,untilthey

eventually

died

out

aroundtheyear

393.首屆古代奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)于公元前77年舉辦。在早期的運(yùn)會(huì)上，只有希臘男子才被允許參加比賽。他們參加的比賽項(xiàng)目有拳擊、賽跑和跳遠(yuǎn)等。古代林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)每四年在希臘的奧林匹亞舉行一次，持續(xù)了近12個(gè)世紀(jì)，直到393年左右才最終停止舉辦。More

than1,500years

later,however,

theGames

rose

again.Themodern

Olympicswere

first

held

in

1896,

inAthens.

It

wasaFrenchman,PierredeCoubertin,

who

brought

theOlympicsbacktolife.HisdreamwasthattheOlympics

wouldhelp

peopleofdifferentracialorigins

andfromdifferentcultures

live

side

by

side

inpeace.Forover

acentury,

peoplefromdiversebackgrounds

have

made

joint

effortsto

help

realizeCoubertin’s

dream.

MotivatedbytheOlympicmotto

”Faster,Higher,Stronger”,manywell-known

athletes,bothmaleandfemale,

havedevoted

themselvestoachievingsportingexcellenceandpushingtheboundariesofhumanachievement.但是1，500多年后，奧運(yùn)會(huì)再次興起。首屆現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)會(huì)于1896年在雅典舉行。是一位叫皮塊爾德·顧拜旦的法國人使奧運(yùn)會(huì)重現(xiàn)生機(jī)。他的夢(mèng)想是奧運(yùn)會(huì)能夠幫助不同種族、不同文化的人們和平共處。一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來，來自不同背景的人們共同努力，幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)顧拜旦的夢(mèng)想。他們當(dāng)中有許多著名的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，有男有女。在奧林匹克口號(hào)“更快、更高、更強(qiáng)”的激勵(lì)下，他們力爭取得體育運(yùn)動(dòng)上的杰出成就并不斷突破人類成就的極限。[Subheading2]OnesuchOlympianwasthe

boxer

Cassius

Clay.

He

cametopublic

attention

duringthe

1960

Rome

Olympics,

when

he

won

thelight-heavyweight

gold

medal

for

the

USA,

demonstrating

greattalentandpersonalityintheprocess.

Afterwards,thisyoung

man

proceededto

becomethe

world

heavyweightchampionin

1964,

and

later

changedhisnametothe

one

weallknow—MuhammadAli.Hereturnedtothe

1996

Atlanta

Olympic

Gamesto

lightthe

Olympic

flame

at

theopening

ceremony.

Bythetime

he

diedin

2016,

Ali

hadbeenrecognizedas

one

ofthegreatest

boxers

ofall

time.

奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上的知名運(yùn)動(dòng)員拳擊手卡修新·克萊就是這樣一位奧運(yùn)選手。他在1960年羅馬奧運(yùn)會(huì)上引起了人們的關(guān)注，當(dāng)時(shí)他為美國贏得了輕重量級(jí)拳擊金牌，并在比賽過程中展現(xiàn)了過人的天賦和優(yōu)秀的品性。之后，這個(gè)年輕人接著在1964年贏得了世界重量級(jí)拳擊錦標(biāo)賽冠軍，后來改名為我們熟知的那個(gè)名字一穆軍默德·阿里。他重返1996年亞特蘭大奧運(yùn)會(huì)，在開幕式上點(diǎn)燃奧運(yùn)圣火。到2016年去世時(shí)，阿里一直被公認(rèn)為有史以來最偉大的拳擊手之一。Another

sportspersonthat

should

be

applauded

is

Jessica

Ennis-Hill.Herstoryis

a

remarkable

example

of

how

hard

work

and

devotion

can

lead

to

sporting

excellence.Aformer

trackandfield

athletefromtheUK,

shewon

an

Olympic

gold

medalinher

home

countryin2012.Asifthatwere

notenough,she

returnedtotheOlympicsand

won

asilvermedalin

2016,

justtwoyearsafter

givingbirth

to

herfirstchild.Inaninterview

she

revealedthatthesecretofher

consistent

goodperformancewasthetrainingthat

she

never

missed.另一位值得稱贊的運(yùn)動(dòng)員是杰西卡-思尼斯-希爾。她的故事很好地例證了在一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)中努力和投入可以讓你出類拔萃。她曾是英國的田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員，并于2012年在祖國贏得了一枚奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌。似乎這還不夠，她僅在生完一個(gè)孩子兩年后的2016年，就重返奧運(yùn)會(huì)，并獲得了銀牌。在一次采訪中，她透露始終保持好的表現(xiàn)的秘訣是她從未停止訓(xùn)練。[Subheading3]The2008BeijingOlympics

calledonthewholeworldtojoinintheOlympicspirit

andbuildabetterfuturefor

humanity

withtheslogan

“OneWorld,OneDream”.

InadditiontohostingtheOlympics

for

thefirsttime,Chinaalso

rankedfirst

inthe

medal

table.

This

success

is

truly

remarkable

if

you

consider

that

just

24

yearsbefore,

at

the

1984

LosAngelesOlympics,

Xu

Haifeng

won

ourcountry’s

first-ever

gold

medal.Sincethentheupward

trend

for

Chinesesporthasbeen

unstoppable.At

the

2004

Athens

Olympic

Games,

Liu

Xiang

becamethe

first

Asian

to

win

the

gold

medalinthe

men’s

110-metre

hurdles,while

at

the

2016

Rio

Olympic

Games,theChinese

women’s

volleyballteam

won

ahard-foughtvictoryinthefinal.Theyear2022

will

beanotherhistoric

moment

for

China,asBeijing

won

the

election

to

host

theWinter

Olympics.2008年北京運(yùn)會(huì)的官方口號(hào)是“同一個(gè)世界，同一個(gè)夢(mèng)想”，號(hào)召全世界一起弘揚(yáng)奧林匹克精神，為人類建設(shè)更美好的未來。這是中國首次舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)，也是首次登頂獎(jiǎng)牌榜。想想24年前的1984年洛杉奧運(yùn)會(huì)，許海峰為中國贏得了第一枚金牌，那么這種成功就顯得非同尋常了。從那以后，中國體育的上升趨勢(shì)就一直勢(shì)不可擋。在2004年雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，劉翔成為第一個(gè)獲得男子110米跨欄的亞洲人，而在2016年里約熱內(nèi)盧運(yùn)會(huì)上，中國女子球隊(duì)在決賽中贏得了一場(chǎng)艱苦的勝利。北京當(dāng)選2022年冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)主辦城市，于是2022年對(duì)中國來說將是另一個(gè)歷史性的時(shí)刻。TheOlympicGamesbringjoyandexcitementtopeopleacrosstheworld.AsCoubertinbelieved,“WiththeOlympicGames,eachgenerationcelebratesits

advent,itsjoyofliving,its

faith

inthefuture,its

ambition

and

itswilltoascend.”奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)給全世界人民帶來歡樂和興奮。正如顧拜旦所說:“有了奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，每一代人都在慶祝它的到來，慶祝它給生活帶來的喜悅，慶祝它對(duì)未來的信念，慶祝它的雄心壯志和它向上的意志?！倍⑼卣归喿xExtendedreading：Sportsidioms是及同步分段翻譯Sports

idioms體育習(xí)語Everylanguagehasitsidioms,whicharegroupsofwordswithmeaningsdifferentfromthemeaningsoftheindividualwords.Idiomsmakelanguagemorecolourfulandexpressive.Sincesportisaninseparablepartofday-to-daylife,therearelotsofsportsidioms

that

have

found

their

way

into

everyday

language.

Let’s

take

a

look

at

some

of

them!每一種語言都有習(xí)語，習(xí)語由詞組構(gòu)成，其蘊(yùn)含的意義往往不能從詞組中單個(gè)詞的意思推測(cè)而得。習(xí)語使語言更加豐富多彩，富有表現(xiàn)力。由于體育是全球文化的重要組成部分，日常用語中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了許多體育習(xí)語。讓我們來看看其中的一些體育習(xí)語吧!FootballFootball(orsoccer,as

it

iscalledinthe

USA)

is

one

ofthe

most

popularsportsinthe

world

andmany

countries

have

their

own

football

leagues.

TheEnglishlanguageis

full

ofidiomswhichare

thought

to

havecome

from

football.足球足球(football，美國稱為

soccer)是世界上最受歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)之一，許多國家都有自己的足球聯(lián)賽。英語中有很多習(xí)語都被認(rèn)為是源于足球。As

you

know,

inafootball

match,

players

try

tokickor

head

theball

into

theopposing

team’s

goal,whichisthe

net

betweentwobig

goalposts

fixedtotheground.Canyou

imaginethateverytime

youhave

achancetoscore,

thegoalpostsare

moved?

That

would

be

not

onlydifficult,

but

alsoupsetting.If

someone

“moves

thegoalposts”

ineverydaylife,

it

meanstheyunfairlychangetherulesorrequirements

for

something.

An

insurance

salesman

who

isabouttoreachhisannualsalestarget,only

for

the

company

to

make

the

target

higher,

could

rightly

complainabout

the

company

movingthe

goalposts.你可能知道，在足球比賽中，球員試圖將球賜進(jìn)頂進(jìn)對(duì)方的球門，球門是固定在地上的兩個(gè)大門柱之間的。你能想象，每當(dāng)你有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)球時(shí)，球門柱就被移動(dòng)嗎?這不僅很難做到，而且也是令人不快的。如果有人在日常生活中“移動(dòng)門柱”，這意味著他們不公平地改變了某個(gè)過程的規(guī)則或要求。一位保推鋪員即將達(dá)到他的年度銷售目標(biāo)，但公司卻把目標(biāo)定得更高，那他就可以理由充分地抱怨公司是在“移動(dòng)球門柱”。Thankfully,goalpostsdonotreallymove—butwhenaplayerscoresanowngoal,heorshemightwishtheydid.

“Scoringanowngoal”

infootballmeansaccidentallykickingorheadingtheballintoone’sownnet,anditisoneofthe

worstthingsthatcanhappentoafootballplayer.Ifsomeonemakesabadmistake

which

unintentionally

harmstheirowninterests,theyaresaidto

have

scoredan

owngoal.Youmightseethisexpressioninthenewspaperswhenthelocal

council

makesadecisionwhich

backfiresterribly!謝天謝地，足門柱并不會(huì)真正移動(dòng)。一但當(dāng)一名球員把球踢進(jìn)自家的球門時(shí)，他/她可能會(huì)希望球門會(huì)移動(dòng)就好了。在足球運(yùn)動(dòng)中，

Scoringanowngoal(進(jìn)烏龍球)”的意思是不小心把球踢進(jìn)了自己方的球門，對(duì)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說，這是最糟糕的事情之一。如果有人犯了一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤，無意中損害了自己的利益，就被說成是“進(jìn)烏龍球”。如果地方議會(huì)做出了一個(gè)完全適得其反的決定時(shí)，你可能會(huì)在報(bào)紙上看到這種說法!BaseballBaseballisanoldandpopularsportthathasgiven

theEnglishlanguagemanydifferentidioms.

You

might

have

heardexpressionslike

“intheballpark”

or

“a

ballpark

estimate”.

The

venue

where

abaseballgameis

played

iscalledaballpark.So,evenifwedo

not

know

exactly

where

the

ball

is

during

the

game,wecanassumethat

it

is

somewhere

intheballpark.

For

thisreason,peopleusethe

expression

“intheballpark”

or

“aballparkestimate”

totalkaboutroughestimates.棒球棒球是一項(xiàng)古老而流行的運(yùn)動(dòng)，它給英語帶來了許多不同的習(xí)語。你可能聽過

intheballpark(差不多)”或“aballparkestimate(大致的估計(jì))”這樣的表達(dá)。舉行棒球比賽的場(chǎng)地叫作

ballpark＂。所以，即使我們不知道球在比賽中的確切位置，我們也可以假設(shè)它在球場(chǎng)里的某個(gè)地方。因此，商業(yè)人士使用短語“intheballpark”或＂

aballpark

estimate”來談?wù)摯致缘墓烙?jì)。Anothercommonbaseballexpressionis“throwingsomeoneacurve

ball”.

Curve

ballsareballsthatsuddenlyturnintheair,andtheseareofcoursedifficult

for

theotherteamto

handle.

We

usethisexpressiontodescribethingsthatareunexpectedanddifficulttorespond

to.

“Threestrikesand

you

areout”

isanotheridiomthat

comes

frombaseball.As

it

suggests,inbaseballthismeansthatabatter

(the

personwiththebaseball

bat

inhisor

her

hands

)

is

out

after

making

three

unsuccessful

attempts

to

hit

the

ball.

This

idiom

is

often

used

to

talk

about

situationswherepeoplefailafterwastingthree

chances.還有一個(gè)常見的與棒球有關(guān)的短語是

throwingsomeoneacurveball(給某人出難題)”。“Curveballs(曲線球)”是指在空中突然轉(zhuǎn)向的球，這對(duì)敵隊(duì)來說當(dāng)然很難應(yīng)對(duì)。我們用這個(gè)表達(dá)來描述出乎意料和難以回應(yīng)的事情。“Threestrikesandyouareout(三振出局)”是另一個(gè)來自棒球的習(xí)語。如其字面意思所示，在棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)中，擊球手(手里拿著棒球球棒的人)連續(xù)三次都未擊中球，就出局了。這個(gè)習(xí)語經(jīng)常用來形容你錯(cuò)失了三次機(jī)會(huì)的情況。BoxingEnglishalsohasalargenumberofidiomsconnectedwithboxing,whichhasbeenapopularsportforthousandsofyears.Aboxerisnot

allowedtousehisorher

fists

tohitthe

opponent

belowthe

waist.Hence

comes

theidiom

“belowthe

belt”.

Inday-to-daylife,if

someone

makes

anunfairandcruelremark,wecandescribeitas

“belowthebelt”.拳擊拳擊是一項(xiàng)流行了幾千年的運(yùn)動(dòng)，英語中也有很多與其有關(guān)的習(xí)語。拳擊手不允許用他/她的拳頭擊打?qū)κ盅恳韵碌牟课?。因此就有了“hittingbelowthe

belt(做不公正、傷人的事)”這一習(xí)語。在日常生活中，如果有人言論有失公平，過于殘忍，我們可以用“hittingbelowthe

belt來形容。“Throwinginthe

towel”

isanothercommonidiomthat

comes

fromboxing.Whena

boxer

islosingbadlyandistootiredorconfusedtogive

up

onhisorherown,thecoach

will

literallythrowa

towel

into

theringtoendthefight.Ineveryday

life,

this

idiom

simply

means

admitting

defeat

and

giving

up.Throwinginthetowel(認(rèn)輸)”是另一個(gè)來自拳擊的常見習(xí)語。如果一名拳擊手輸?shù)煤軕K，并因?yàn)樘刍蛏裰静磺宥鵁o法自己認(rèn)輸時(shí)，教練就會(huì)形式意義上往臺(tái)上扔一條毛中來結(jié)束比賽。在日常生活中，這個(gè)習(xí)語就是指認(rèn)輸并投降。

Sportischallengingandsoislife.However,whenyou

arethrownacurve

ball,do

not

throwinthe

towel—work

hard,becareful

not

to

scoreanowngoal,and

you

aresuretomake

it!運(yùn)動(dòng)是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的，學(xué)英語也一樣。但是，當(dāng)你遇到出人意料的事情(bethrownacurveball)時(shí)，不要認(rèn)輸(throwinthetowel)，-----努力，小心別鬧烏龍(scoreanowngoal)，你一定能獲得成功!三、語法知識(shí)預(yù)學(xué)案Unit2過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（1）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示過去某一特定時(shí)間某事正在被做。如：Theroadwasbeingrepairedwhenlgotthere（2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成形式為was/werebeingdone。如：Thehousewasbeingcleaned.Theflowerswerebeingwatered.2、過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（1）過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示過去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)被完成的動(dòng)作。如：Hetoldmethatthein