必修第三冊UNIT4

SPACEEXPLORATION(主題語境：人與社會——地球與宇宙奧秘探索)必備知識?夯基固本核心考點·精講層練關鍵能力·演練提升教材經(jīng)典·文本回扣必備知識?夯基固本Ⅰ.立體巧記單詞A.識記法填空1.____________n.宇航員；太空人2._________

vt.&n.發(fā)射；發(fā)起；上市3._______n.跳躍；劇增；劇變(leapt，leaptorleaped，leaped)

vi.&

vt.跳過；躍過4.__________n.人類5._________

vt.&

vi.標志著；標明；發(fā)信號n.信號；標志6.__________

vt.回收利用；再利用astronautlaunchleapmankindsignalrecycle7._________n.肌肉；實力；影響力8.________

vi.浮動；漂流；漂浮

vt.使浮動；使漂流9.____________adv.否則；要不然10._________prep.在更遠處；超出11.__________adj.當前的；現(xiàn)在的n.水流；電流；思潮12._______n.肥皂13.________n.毛巾；抹布14._______adj.熱衷的；渴望的15.__________adj.膚淺的；淺的musclefloatotherwisebeyondcurrentsoaptowelkeenshallow16.__________n.模式；圖案；模范17.__________n.監(jiān)視器；監(jiān)測儀

vt.監(jiān)視；監(jiān)測；監(jiān)控18._____________n.智能手機19.___________n.資源；財力；物力20._________n.氧；氧氣21.proceduren.

_____________________22.cmabbr.(centimetreorcentimeter)__________23.rocketn.

___________________24.gravityn.

__________________patternmonitorsmartphoneresourceoxygen程序；步驟；手續(xù)厘米火箭；火箭彈重力；引力25.frontiern._________________________26.vehiclen.

______________________27.satelliten.

______________________28.orbitn.

_________________________________________

vt.&

vi.

_________________________29.giantadj.

_____________________

n.__________________30.agencyn.

_____________________________________31.transmit

vt.&

vi._______________32.datan.[pl.]_______________33.ongoingadj.

_____________________________________邊境；國界；邊遠地區(qū)交通工具；車輛人造衛(wèi)星；衛(wèi)星(環(huán)繞地球、太陽等運行的)軌道；勢力范圍沿軌道運行；環(huán)繞……運行巨大的；偉大的巨人；巨獸；偉人(政府的)專門機構；服務機構；代理處傳輸；發(fā)送資料；數(shù)據(jù)持續(xù)存在的；仍在進行的；不斷發(fā)展的34.dock

vi.&

vt.

_____________________________

n.

_____________35.solaradj.__________________36.solarsystem_____________37.sufficientadj.

____________________38.tissuen.

_______________________________39.facilityn._______________40.fataladj.__________________41.high-endadj._____________42.pillown.____________(兩架航天器)對接；(使)……進港碼頭；船塢太陽的；太陽能的太陽系足夠的；充足的紙巾；(人、動植物細胞的)組織設施；設備致命的；災難性的高端的枕頭B.構詞法拓展1._________adj.精神的；思想的→___________adv.精神上地2.___________n.宇宙；天地萬物→____________adj.宇宙的；通用的3._____________

adj.有智慧的；聰明的；有智力的→____________

n.智慧4._____________adj.有決心的；意志堅定的→____________

vt.查明；確定；決定→________________n.決心；果斷mentalmentallyuniverseuniversalintelligentintelligencedetermineddeterminedetermination5._______________adj.失望的；沮喪的→_____________

vt.使失望→________________adj.令人失望的→_________________n.失望；沮喪6._________n.渴望；欲望

vt.渴望；期望→__________adj.渴望的，想要的7.______________adj.獨立的；自立的→______________adv.獨立地；自立地→_______________n.獨立；自立→_________

vi.依靠8._______

vt.缺乏；沒有n.缺乏；短缺→__________adj.缺乏的；不足的disappointeddisappointdisappointingdisappointmentdesiredesiredindependentindependentlyindependencedependlacklacking9.________n.地球；世界；地球儀→_________adj.全球的；全面的10.________

vt.&

vi.論證；爭辯；爭論→___________n.爭論；爭吵；論點11.___________n.(對事物的)分析；分析結果→__________(＝analyse)v.分析12.__________adj.定期的；經(jīng)常的；正常的→____________adv.有規(guī)律地；經(jīng)常；定期地→____________adj.無規(guī)律的；不定期的13.__________adj.有限的→____________adj.無限的→________

vt.&n.限制globeglobalargueargumentanalysisanalyzeregularregularlyirregularlimitedlimitlesslimit14.__________adj.結尾的；結束的n.停業(yè)；關閉；倒閉→________

vt.關閉adj.近的；親密的→__________adv.仔細地；嚴密地15.__________n.神秘事物；謎→_____________adj.神秘的16._________

vt.系；綁；貼→___________adj.附著的；依戀的→_____________n.附件；附屬品；依戀closingclosecloselymysterymysteriousattachattachedattachmentC.應用法塑能1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)___________(analyse)ofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasa_________(globe)changeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage...2.(2022·全國乙卷)Youngchildrenacrossthe________(地球)enjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.3.(牛津高階)Wearedoingourbestwiththe__________(有限的)____________(資源)available.4.(劍橋高階)Thecompanyhasnew_____________(程序)fordealingwithcomplaints.Analysesglobalglobelimitedresourcesprocedures5.(劍橋高階)Aspokesmanforthedockyardsaidtheyhopedto_________(發(fā)射)thefirstsubmarinewithintwoyears.6.(劍橋高階)Flashinglightsonaparkedcarusually_________(發(fā)信號)awarning(toothermotorists).7.(朗文當代)Alex'srealproblemisthathe________(缺乏)confidence.8.(劍橋高階)Theword‘thou’(＝y(tǒng)ou)isnolongerin__________(現(xiàn)在的)use.9.(柯林斯詞典)Theproductlooksandburnslikea__________(正常的)cigarette.launchsignallackscurrentregular10.(朗文當代)Attacharecentphotograph_____yourapplicationform.11.Artificial_______________hasbeenusedinphones，whichmakesthemseemtobe______________.(intelligent)12.Whenaskedwhetherhewas_____________tobeanastronaut，theboyjustlookedatmewith______________.(determine)13.Thoughhewas_______________attheresultoftheexamination，hetriedtohidehis_________________inordernottodiscouragehisson.(disappoint)tointelligenceintelligentdetermineddeterminationdisappointeddisappointment14.Sincethecountrybecame______________in1842，ithasplayedanimportantrole________________.Gonearethedayswhenit___________onothersforeverything.(depend)15.Aperson'slifeis__________butknowledgeis__________.(limit)16.An___________aboutwhetherpeopleshouldcarryonwithspaceexplorationtookplaceattheconferenceandsomepeople_________thatweshouldstopwastingtimeandmoneyonit.(argue)17.Unsatisfiedwiththeresultsofthe___________，theresearchers___________thedataagain.(analyze)independentindependentlydependedlimitedlimitlessargumentarguedanalysisanalyzed18.A_____________illnessconfinedhimtobedforoveramonthanddoctorscouldn'tsolvethe__________oftheillness.(mystery)19.Heishealthy___________andphysically.Thatistosay，hehas_________andphysicalhealth.(mental)20.Manyparents_________greatimportancetogettingagoodeducationatthisschool___________toPekingUniversity.(attach)mysteriousmysterymentallymentalattachattachedⅡ.語境助記短語A.寫準記牢1.___________出錯2.______________例如3.___________繼續(xù)做，堅持干4.___________在宇宙飛船上；在船上；在飛機上5.____________________________抱著……的希望6._____________________為了；以便7._____________弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白go

wrongfor

examplecarry

onon

boardin

the

hope

of

doing

sth.so

as

to

(do

sth.)figure

out8.____________導致；造成9.______________所以；結果(是)10.__________________提供生活所需11.__________________浪費時間12._____________最后13.__________用完；耗盡result

inas

a

resultprovide

for

sb.a

waste

of

timein

closingrun

outB.語境運用1.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Whenyouweretryingto_____________whattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist，furprobablydidn'tcrossyourmind.2.(朗文當代)Sorry，Iinterruptedyou...Please___________.3.(劍橋高階)AssoonasIwas___________，Ibegantohavesecondthoughtsaboutleaving.4.(牛津高階)Icalled_________________findingherathome.figureoutcarryononboardinthehopeof5.(劍橋高階)Ialwayskeepfruitinthefridge___________keepinsectsoffit.6.(朗文當代)Withoutwork，howcanI______________mychildren？

7.(劍橋高階)IthoughtI'ddonethiscorrectly，Ijustcan'tunderstandwhereI've_____________.soastoprovideforgonewrongⅢ.仿寫速記句式A.原句譯背1.make＋賓語＋賓補Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed，butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.____________________________________________________________________________________這些災難讓每個人都感到悲傷和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望從未消失過。2.otherwise引導的含蓄虛擬條件句Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.______________________________________________________________________________宇航員在太空工作時，不得不用膠帶把所有的東西固定下來，否則所有的東西都會飄走。3.動名詞作主語Firstly，exploringspacehasalreadymadeadifferenceinthefightagainstworldhunger.____________________________________________________首先，探索太空已經(jīng)在與世界饑餓的斗爭中發(fā)揮了作用。B.仿寫美句1.Youmustkeepyoureyesopenifyouaregoingto____________________________________________________.要使你的英國之行愉快且值得，你就必須留心觀察。2.Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized，otherwisethey__________________________thetaskinhalfthetime.工人們沒有被組織好，否則他們會用一半的時間完成任務的。3.(2022·全國乙卷)Moststudentsbelievethat_____________________isagoodwaytoimprovetheirEnglish.大多數(shù)同學認為聽英語歌曲是提高英語成績的好方法。

make

your

trip

to

London

enjoyable

and

worthwhilewouldhaveaccomplishedlisteningtoEnglishsongs教材經(jīng)典·文本回扣Peoplehavealwayswantedtoexplorespaceinthehopeoffindingoutitssecrets.Afterthemid-20thcentury，somescientistsrealised____________(people)dreamoftravellingintospacewithbravepeople___________(carry)byspacecrafttolearnmoreabouttheuniverse.Exploringspaceisnotonly_____________(danger)butalsochallenging.Accidentscanstillhappenthoughscientiststrytomakesurenothing________(go)wrong.Butthedesire______________(explore)spaceneverstops___________peoplebelievetheycanovercomedifficultiesandbefacedwiththosebig____________(challenge).Chinahasmadegreatprogressincompletingthemannedorbitandspacewalk，studyingthemoon'ssurfaceand___________(establish)aspacestation.______ourjoy，futurediscoverieswillenableustounderstandtheuniverse__________(full)stepbystep.1.people's2.carried3.dangerous4.goes5.toexplore6.because7.challenges8.establishing9.To10.fully核心考點·精講層練1.disappointedadj.失望的，沮喪的(1)bedisappointedat/with/by...對……失望bedisappointedtodosth.對做某事失望bedisappointedthat...對……失望disappoint

vt.使失望/沮喪disappointingadj.令人失望的

(2)disappointmentn.失望，沮喪toone'sdisappointment令某人失望的是單句填空夯基①Judgingfromher_____________look，herbosswas____________withher________________performance.Sotoher_________________，shedidn'tgetpromoted.(disappoint)disappointeddisappointeddisappointingdisappointment寫作運用提能②

_____________________________________________________，helockedhimselfintheroom.他對未能獲獎感到極度失望，把自己鎖在房間里。(讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫)Overcome

with

bitter

disappointment

at

his

failing

to

win

a

prize③(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)Totheirdisappointment，theyfailedtocookaMother'sDaybreakfastatthefirstattempt.→_____________________________________________________wasthattheyfailedtocookaMother'sDaybreakfastatthefirstattempt.(用what引導的主語從句改寫)→TheyfailedtocookaMother'sDaybreakfastatthefirstattempt，_________________________________________________.(用定語從句改寫)令他們失望的是，第一次嘗試時，他們沒能做好母親節(jié)的早餐。What

made

them

disappointed/What

disappointed

themwhich

made

them

disappointed/disappointed

them2.desiren.渴望；欲望；愿望vt.渴望；期望(1)haveadesiretodosth.渴望做某事haveadesireforsth.渴望得到某物(2)desiretodosth.渴望做某事desiresb.todosth.渴望某人做某事desirethat...(should)do...渴望……單句填空夯基①Theboyhasastrongdesire______asmartphonewithalargeinternalmemorytoplaygames.②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Ifyoudesire_______________(challenge)yourself，thereisnothingtodowithothers'thoughts.fortochallenge寫作運用提能③(2020·天津卷，書面表達)___________________________________whohavemadegreatcontributionstothesociety.(desiretodo)→________________________________________________________whohavemadegreatcontributionstothesociety.(desirethat...)我渴望成為像那些醫(yī)生一樣的人，他們?yōu)樯鐣龀隽司薮筘暙I。Idesiretobecomeapersonlikethosedoctors

I

desire

that

I

(should)

become

a

person

like

those

doctors3.signalv.標志著；標明；發(fā)信號n.信號；標志；預示；信號燈(1)signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signal(sb.)that示意(某人)……(2)trafficsignals交通信號燈單句填空夯基①Theheadteachersignaledtothemonitor____________(manage)thestudentsstrictly.寫作運用提能②Thebell________________________________，andallthestudentsrosetotheirfeet，seizedtheirschoolbagsandrushedoutoftheclassroomlikearrows.鈴聲響起，放學了，學生們站起來，抓起書包，像箭一樣沖出教室。(讀后續(xù)寫之動作鏈描寫)tomanagesignaledthatschoolwasover③Thedriverlifteduptheinjuredboy，placedhiminthecarandrushedhimtothehospital，

___________________________________________.司機抱起受傷的男孩，把他放在車里，匆忙把他送到醫(yī)院，忽視了一路上的交通信號。(讀后續(xù)寫之動作鏈描寫)ignoringthetrafficsignalsalltheway4.lackvt.缺乏；缺少；沒有n.缺乏；短缺(1)(a)lackof缺少……for/throughlackof因缺少……(2)lackingadj.不足的；缺乏的belackingin在……方面缺乏單句填空夯基①Forlack_____sufficientoxygen，theastronautcouldnotcarryonwithhismission.寫作運用提能②Healthproblemsarecloselyconnectedwithbadeatinghabitsand_______________________.健康問題與不好的飲食習慣和缺乏鍛煉密切相關。(話題寫作之健康生活)of(a)lackofexercise③(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)Thoughthey____________________________，thetwinsmadeupforitbyturningtotheInternetforsomeadvice.→____________________________________，thetwinsmadeupforitbyturningtotheInternetforsomeadvice.(用省略句改寫)盡管這對雙胞胎缺乏烹飪經(jīng)驗，但他們通過上網(wǎng)尋求建議來彌補。lackedcookingexperienceThoughlackingcookingexperience5.arguevt.&vi.爭論；爭辯；論證(1)arguewithsb.about/oversth.因某事與某人爭吵/爭論arguefor/against(doing)sth.據(jù)理贊成/反對(做)某事arguethat...主張……，認為……argueo/outofdoingsth.說服某人做/不做某事(2)argumentn.爭論；爭辯；爭吵；論點單句填空夯基①Thereasonwhyhehadan___________(argue)withhiswifewasthattheirmoneywasrunningout.②Heoftenargues_______hisson_____________recyclingwatersoastocutdownthewaterbill.③Theyarguedhim_______takingexerciseonaregularbasis.argumentwithabout/overinto寫作運用提能④Currently，

______________________________________________andclaimthattheywilldothisintheirdailylife.現(xiàn)在60%的受采訪者支持垃圾分類并且聲稱他們會在日常生活中這么做。60%oftheintervieweesargueforrubbishclassification6.resultin導致；造成(1)resultfrom由……造成；因……而產(chǎn)生(2)asaresult結果asaresultof由于……的結果withoutresult沒有結果；白費單句填空夯基①(2020·江蘇卷)As____result，theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.②(2022·全國Ⅱ卷)Failuretoprovideenoughchaperones(監(jiān)護人)willresult_____anextrachargeof$50perabsentadult.③(2022·全國乙卷)Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresult_____manufacturers’effortstoavoidthecharge，accordingtoTreasuryfigures.④Misunderstandings_____________(result)fromlackofsocialcommunication，ifnothandledproperly，mayleadtoseriousproblems.ainofresulting寫作運用提能⑤_________________anEnglishcompetitionwhichIhavetojoininthisweekend，Ican'tgototheairporttopickyouup.→IhavetojoininanEnglishcompetitionthisweekend，and______________，Ican'tgototheairporttopickyouup.這周末我要參加一個英語競賽，所以沒法去機場接你了。Asaresultofasaresult7.runout用完；耗盡(物作主語，無被動語態(tài))runoutof用光，用完(人作主語，有被動語態(tài))runacross偶然遇到runafter追逐；追求runinto撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻煩等)runoutof是及物動詞短語，以人作主語，同useup；runout是不及物動詞短語，以物作主語，同giveout；giveout是不及物動詞短語，表物“用完”或人“筋疲力盡”。用run的相關短語填空夯基①Themomentwe__________________acutewildrabbit，werodeourhorsesand____________itwithouthesitation.②Ourenergywas______________butwhenweheardthecallofmyuncle，aradiantsmilelitupourfaces.③Ihad_____________allmypatienceandIbegantoexplodewithanger.ranacross/intoranafterrunningoutrunoutof寫作運用提能④I___________________________________whenIwaswalkinginthestreettheotherday.前幾天我在街上走的時候碰到了我的一個老朋友。ranacrossoneofmyoldfriends8.attachv.系；綁；貼；把……固定；重視(1)attach...to...把……附在……上；把……綁在……上attachimportance/significance/value/weight/...to...認為……有重要性/意義/價值/分量等(2)attachedadj.附加的；依戀的，愛慕的beattachedto喜歡，依戀；附屬于(3)attachmentn.附件；附屬品；依戀單句填空夯基①Pleasefindmyapplicationletterandresumeinthe_____________(attach).②(2022·全國甲卷)Heisattached_____theoldferries.寫作運用提能③

__________________________________________________duringtheprocessoflearningalanguage.在學習語言的過程中，你再怎么強調閱讀的重要性也不為過。(應用文寫作之建議信)attachmenttoYoucanneverattachtoomuchimportancetoreading9.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.宇航員在太空工作時必須用膠帶把所有的東西固定下來，否則所有的東西都會飄走。·otherwise用作連詞時，有時表示一種含蓄的虛擬條件，此時其后的句子用虛擬語氣。表示對過去的虛擬，其后句子的謂語動詞用would/couldhavedone；表示對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，其后句子的謂語動詞用would/coulddo?！therwise還常用于句型“祈使句＋otherwise＋陳述句”。單句填空夯基①Wedidn'tknowyouwereintroubleatthattime，otherwisewe___________________(give)youahand.②Ihavenomoneyonmenow.Otherwise，I_____________(lend)sometoyou.③Hurryup，otherwise/orwe__________________(miss)thelastbus.wouldhavegivenwouldlendwillmiss(miss)寫作運用提能④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished

producethat________________________________________.去年，它通過接受捐贈和收集有瑕疵的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，回收了超過807500磅的食物，否則這些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品會在田間腐爛。otherwisewouldhaverottedinfields10.Firstly，exploringspacehasalreadymadeadifferenceinthefightagainstworldhunger.首先，探索太空已經(jīng)在與世界饑餓的斗爭中發(fā)揮了作用。exploringspace在句中作主語。doing作主語還有以下情況：(1)it作形式主語：Itisnouse/nogood/uselessdoingsth.做某事沒用；Itisawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事浪費時間。(2)動名詞的復合結構：名詞所有格/形容詞性物主代詞＋doing作主語。寫作運用提能①______________________________________isthereasonwhyIrespectyou.對學習有積極的態(tài)度是我尊敬你的原因。②___________________________mademyheartinmymouth.在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼。(讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫)HavingapositiveattitudetostudyBeinglostintheforest③Inmyopinion，

_________________________________________.在我看來，玩電腦游戲是浪費時間。④________________________________madehimashamedandhehungdownhisheadinshame.他考試又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低著頭。itisawasteoftimeplayingcomputergamesHisfailingintheexamagain關鍵能力·演練提升Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練1.currentA.adj.現(xiàn)在的；當前的 B．a(chǎn)dj.流通的C.n.氣流 D．n.潮流(1)Somebirdsusewarmaircurrentstohelpthemfly.____(2)ThecurrentmoneyinChinaisRenminbi.____(3)Weshouldtryourbesttogowiththecurrentofthetimes.____(4)Studentsareplacedintoclassesbasedontheircurrentlanguageskills.____CBDA2.otherwiseA.adv.以其他方式 B．a(chǎn)dv.否則；不然C.adv.除此以外 D．conj.否則；要不然(1)Myparentslentmesufficientmoney.Otherwise，Icouldn'thaveaffordedthetrip.____(2)(2021·浙江卷，應用文寫作)Seizethechance，otherwiseyouwon'tenjoythebeautifultraditionalChinesepaintings.____BD(3)(2022·全國Ⅱ卷)Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwereotherwisehealthy.____(4)Itisnotpermittedtosellorotherwisedistributecopiesofpastexaminationpapers.____CA3.快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的漢語意思(1)Officialsarenotallowedtomonitorthevoting.____________(2)ThebarmangavefreedrinkstotheregularsatChristmas.__________監(jiān)聽，監(jiān)視老顧客們Ⅱ.單句語法填空1.(2022·全國甲卷)Itishightimeweshouldattachgreatimportance_____protectingtheocean.2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia，butitprobablywon'tresult_____ausefulresponse.3.(2022·全國乙卷)Becauseoftheirlack_____self-discipline，they'remoreeasilyaddictedtochattingonlineorplayinggames.4.(2022·全國Ⅱ卷)Likemanyyoungpeople，Jessicawantstotravel______globe.toinofthe5.(2022·全國Ⅱ卷)Manybeginningwritersdon'tleaveenoughspacetorevise.As____result，thesewritersnevergetinthehabitofcrossingoutchunks(大塊)oftheirdraftandwritingrevisionsintheblankspace.6.(2022·浙江1月卷)TheUnitedStatesroseto_______(globe)poweronthestrengthofitstechnology，andthelifebloodthattechnologyhaslongbeenelectricity.7._______________(blame)bymyfathermademesosadthatIhidmyfaceinmyhandsandcried.aglobalBeingblamed8.Itwaswiseofhimtoadmitwhathehaddoneotherwisehe_________________(get)intoseriesoftrouble.9.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Shortwritingsmissedasaresult_____anexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.10.(2022·浙江1月卷)Westartedtomeet____________(regular)todrawupourplans.wouldhavegotofregularlyⅢ.句篇寫作增分建議信——因父母不支持而失望1._________________________________________________________你渴望和朋友一起沿湄公河騎行。(desiretodo)2.