基礎(chǔ)化學(xué)中課本單詞總結(jié)第一章緒論matter實(shí)物field場(chǎng)snbstance物質(zhì)SI國(guó)際單位制significantfigure有效數(shù)字scientificnotation科學(xué)計(jì)數(shù)法dispersedmedium分散系dispersedphase分散相dispersedmedium分散介質(zhì)homogeneousdispersedsystem均相分散系heterogeneousdispersedsystem非均相分散系phase相amountofsubstance物質(zhì)的量mole摩爾Avogadroconstant基本單元日.mass質(zhì)量Avogadroconstant阿伏伽德羅常數(shù)molarmass質(zhì)量amount-of-subtanceconcentration（物質(zhì)的量）濃度massconcentration質(zhì)量濃度molefraction摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)molality質(zhì)量摩爾濃度solution溶液element元素compound化合物cation陽(yáng)離子anion陰離子negativeion陰離子molecule分子atom原子electronic電子property性質(zhì)inorganic無(wú)機(jī)的componential成份exactnumber有效數(shù)字aqueoussolution水溶液instrument儀器composition組成mixture混合物entity實(shí)體第二章稀薄溶液的依數(shù)性colligativepropertiesofdilutesolution稀薄溶液的依數(shù)性evaporation蒸發(fā)condensation凝結(jié)（saturated）vaporpressure（飽和）蒸氣壓Sublimation升華Vaporpressurelowering蒸氣壓下降Boilingpintdepression沸點(diǎn)升高diffuse擴(kuò)散semi-permeablemembrance半透膜osmosis滲透作用osmosispressure滲透壓力osmolarity滲透濃度isotonicsolution等滲溶液hypertonicsolution高滲溶液hypotonicsolution低滲溶液solute溶質(zhì)solvent溶劑nonvolatile難揮發(fā)的hemoglobin血紅蛋白conductivity導(dǎo)電性fluid流體第三章電解質(zhì)溶液Electrolyte電解質(zhì)degreeofdissociation解離度ioninteractiontheory離子相互作用理論ionatmosphere離子氛activity活度activitycoefficient活度因子ionicstrength離子強(qiáng)度acid-baseequilibria酸堿平衡aciddissociationconstant酸解離常數(shù)basedissociationconstant堿解離常數(shù)dilutionlaw稀釋定律common-ioneffect同離子效應(yīng)salteffect鹽效應(yīng)Bronsted-lowrytheory酸堿質(zhì)子理論halfreactionofacid-base酸堿半反應(yīng)conjugateacid共軛酸conjugatebase共軛堿amphotericsubstance兩性物質(zhì)proton-transferreactions質(zhì)子傳遞反應(yīng)protonself-transferreaction質(zhì)子自遞反應(yīng)ion-productconstantforwater水的離子積polyproticacids多元酸polyacidbases多元堿electrontheoryofacidandbase酸堿的電子理論solubilityequilibrium溶解平衡（precipitationequilibrium沉淀平衡）solubilityproductcostant溶度積常數(shù)solubility溶解度ionproduct離子積fractionalprecipitate分級(jí)沉淀polar極性soluble可溶的equilibriumconstant平衡常數(shù)proton質(zhì)子dissociate解離equilibriumshift平衡移動(dòng)massormaterialbalance物料守恒chargebalance電子守恒protonbalance質(zhì)子守恒precise準(zhǔn)確的side-reaction副反應(yīng)第四章緩沖溶液Buffersolution緩沖溶液Bufferaction緩沖作用Buffersystem緩沖系（bufferpair緩沖對(duì)）Buffer-componentratio緩沖比Buffercapacity緩沖容量Buffereffectiverange有效緩沖范圍Plasma血漿Ctotal總濃度Dilution稀釋PBS磷酸根的緩沖系（指磷酸二氫根和磷酸一氫根）第五章膠體colloid膠體sol溶膠macromolecularsolution高分子溶液associatedcolloid締合膠體degreeofdispersion分散度specificsurfacearea比表面surfaceenergy表面能Brownianmovement布朗運(yùn)動(dòng)diffusion擴(kuò)散sedimentation沉降sedimentationequilibrium沉降平衡electrophoresis電泳electroosmosis電滲diffusedelectricdoublelayer擴(kuò)散雙電層coagulation聚沉polyelectrolyte聚電解質(zhì)isoelectricpoint等電點(diǎn)saltingout鹽析Donnanequilibrium膜平衡（Donnan平衡）surfaceactivesubstance表面活性物質(zhì)surfacetension表面張力hydrophilic親水性hydrophobic疏水性micelle膠束criticalmicelleconcentrationCMC臨界膠束濃度emulsion乳狀膠emulsifyingagent乳化劑dispersionphase分散相dispersionmedium分散介質(zhì)radium半徑diameter直徑particle粒子filtered過(guò)濾scatterlight散色光（丁達(dá)爾效應(yīng)）suspensions懸濁液settleout沉淀dialysis透析optical光學(xué)的第六章化學(xué)反應(yīng)熱及反應(yīng)的方向的限度thermodynamics熱力學(xué)system系統(tǒng)surrounding環(huán)境openingsystem開放系統(tǒng)closedsystem封閉系統(tǒng)isolatedsystem隔離系統(tǒng)state狀態(tài)statefunction狀態(tài)函數(shù)extensiveproperty廣度性質(zhì)intensiveproperty強(qiáng)度性質(zhì)process過(guò)程isothermalprocess等溫過(guò)程isobarprocess等壓過(guò)程isovolumicprocess等容過(guò)程adiabaticprocess絕熱過(guò)程cyclicprocess循環(huán)過(guò)程heat熱work功volumework體積功reversibleprocess可逆過(guò)程irreversibleprocess不可逆過(guò)程thermodynamicnumber熱力學(xué)能（internalenergy內(nèi)能）thefirstlowofthermodynamic熱力學(xué)第一定律enthalpy焓stoichiometricnumber化學(xué)計(jì)量數(shù)reactant反應(yīng)物product產(chǎn)物extentofreaction反應(yīng)進(jìn)度thermochemicalequation熱化學(xué)方程式reaction反應(yīng)standardstate標(biāo)準(zhǔn)態(tài)aqueoussolution水溶液graphite石墨diamond金剛石standardmolarenthalpyofformation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾生成焓standardmolarenthalpyofcombustion標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾燃燒熱八、、spontaneousprocess自發(fā)過(guò)程entropy熵thethirdlawofthermodynamics熱力學(xué)的三定律conventionalentropy規(guī)定熵standardmolarentropy標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾熵principleofentropyincrease熵增加原理GibbsfreeenergyGibbs自由能standardmolarGibbsfreeenergyofformation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾生成Gibbs自由能standardequilibriumconstant標(biāo)準(zhǔn)平衡常數(shù)experimentalequilibriumconstant實(shí)驗(yàn)平衡常數(shù)species物種multipleequilibrium多重平衡couplingreaction耦合反應(yīng)shiftofchemicalequilibrium化學(xué)平衡移動(dòng)第七章化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率chemicalkinetics化學(xué)動(dòng)力學(xué)rateofchemicalreaction化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率averagerate平均速率instantaneousrate瞬時(shí)速率reactionmechanism反應(yīng)機(jī)制elementaryreaction元反應(yīng)complexreaction復(fù)雜反應(yīng)ratedeterminingstep速率控制步驟molecularityofreaction反應(yīng)分子數(shù)lawofmassaction質(zhì)量作用定律ratelaw(rateequation)速率方程rateconstant速率常數(shù)reactionorder反應(yīng)級(jí)數(shù)first-orderreaction一級(jí)反應(yīng)half-life半衰期pseudo-first-orderreaction準(zhǔn)一級(jí)反應(yīng)second-orderreaction二級(jí)反應(yīng)zero-orderreaction零級(jí)反應(yīng)collisiontheory碰撞理論effectivecollision有效反應(yīng)elasticcollision彈性形狀activatedmolecule活化分子activatedenergy活化能transitionstatetheory過(guò)渡態(tài)理論activatedcomplex活化絡(luò)合物energybarrier能壘catalyst催化劑catalysis催化效應(yīng)homogeneouscatalysis均相催化heterogeneouscatalysis多相催化activesite活性點(diǎn)enzyme酶substrate底物第八章氧化還原反應(yīng)與電極電位oxidation-reductionreaction氧化反應(yīng)oxidationnumber氧化值(氧化值)apparentchargenumber表觀荷電數(shù)oxidationreaction氧化反應(yīng)notationofcell電池組成式reductionreaction還原反應(yīng)reductionagent還原劑oxidizingagent氧化劑redoxhalf-reaction氧化還原半反應(yīng)oxidizedspecies氧化性物質(zhì)reducedspecies還原性物質(zhì)redoxelectriccouple氧化還原電對(duì)saltbridge鹽橋primarycell原電池half-cell半電池electrode電極anode負(fù)極cathode陽(yáng)極cellreaction電池反應(yīng)electrodepotential電極電位standardhydrogenelectrode,SHE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氫電池electromotiveforce，emf電動(dòng)勢(shì)standardelectrodepotential標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電位Faradayconstant、法拉第常數(shù)NernstequationNernst方程referenceelectrode參比電極indicatorelectrode指導(dǎo)電極calomelelectrode甘汞電極saturatedcalomelelectrodeSEC飽和甘汞電極glasselectrode玻璃電極combinationelectrode復(fù)合電極operationaldefinitionofpHpH操作定義第九章原子機(jī)構(gòu)和元素周期律nuclearmodel有核模型Planckconstant普朗克常數(shù)linespectrum線狀光譜stationarystate定態(tài)energylevel能級(jí)groundstate基態(tài)excitedstate激發(fā)態(tài)transition躍態(tài)principalquantumnumber主量子數(shù)particle-waveduality波粒二象性deBroglierelationdeBroglie關(guān)系式probabilitywave概率波uncertaintyprinciple測(cè)不準(zhǔn)原理Schrodinger'sequationSchrodinger's方程wavefunction波函數(shù)probabilitydensity概率密度electroncloud電子云atomicorbital原子軌道quantumnumber量子數(shù)principalquantumnumber主量子數(shù)（符號(hào)n）shell電子層orbitalangularmomentumquantumnumber軌道角動(dòng)量量子數(shù)（符號(hào)l）subshell或sublevel亞電子層magneticquantumnumber磁量子數(shù)（符號(hào)m）equivalentorbit簡(jiǎn)并軌道（等價(jià)軌道）spinangularmomentumquantumnumber自旋角動(dòng)量量子數(shù)（符號(hào)s）radialwavefunction徑向波函數(shù)angularwavefunction角度波函數(shù)lobe波瓣nodalplane節(jié)面radialdistributionfunction徑向波函數(shù)screeningeffect屏蔽作用screeningconstant屏蔽常數(shù)effectivenuclearcharge有效核常數(shù)electronicconfiguration電子組態(tài)PauliexclusionprinciplePauli不相容原理Building-upprinciple或Aufbauprinciple構(gòu)造原理Hund'sruleHund規(guī)則atomiccore原子芯valenceelectron價(jià)電子valenceelectron電子層（價(jià)層）period周期group族block區(qū)transitionelement過(guò)渡元素innertransitionelement內(nèi)過(guò)渡元素rareearthelement稀土元素atomicradius原子半徑covalentradius共價(jià)半徑vanderwaalsradiusvanderwaals半徑metallicradius金屬半徑ionicradius離子半徑electronegativity電負(fù)性macroelement常量元素microelementortraceclement微量或痕量元素poisonousorharmfulelement有毒或有害元素第十章共價(jià)鍵與分子間力Chemicalbond化學(xué)鍵Intermolecularforce分子間作用力Valencebondtheory簡(jiǎn)稱VB價(jià)鍵理論Molecularorbittheory簡(jiǎn)稱MO分子軌道理論groundstate基態(tài)repellentstate排斥態(tài)normalcovalentbond正常共價(jià)鍵coordinatecovalentbond配位共價(jià)鍵（coordinatebond配位鍵）lonepairelectron孤對(duì)電子bondpara