2022年福建省福州市第三十一中學(xué)高二英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末試卷含解析一、選擇題1.Itsuddenly________tomethattheywenttherebybike.A.occurred B.happened C.tookplace D.looked參考答案：A2.Ialmost___________laughingwhenIsawwhatshewaswearing.

A.burstout

B.burstin

C.burstinto

D.brokeout參考答案：A略3.Althoughthecoupledidn'tchoosetosleepinthewildinsteadofinthehotel，it________unexpectedlybeautiful.A.turnedup

B.turnedout

C.turneddown

D.turnedaround參考答案：B4.Itwas____hedid_____disappointedus.A.what,what

B.that,that

C.what,that

D.that,what參考答案：C5.—We’reorganizingapartynextSaturday,andI’dlikeyoutocome.—_________!Ihaveanotheronethatday.Thankyoujustthesame.A.Goodluck

B.Whatashame

C.Havefun

D.Welldone參考答案：B【詳解】考查情景對(duì)話(huà)。句意：——我們下星期六要組織一個(gè)聚會(huì)，我想讓你來(lái)?！孢z憾！那天我還有一個(gè)聚會(huì)。還是要謝謝你。A.Goodluck祝你好運(yùn)；B.Whatashame真遺憾；C.Havefun玩得開(kāi)心；D.Welldone做得好，根據(jù)題意，故選B。6.Canyoutellmewhat________her_________here?A.stop;fromcoming

B.stopped;fromcomingC.keep;fromcoming

D.prevent;comingto參考答案：B7.Thejobapplicantwasnotqualifiedforthevacantpositionashedidn’thavethe_______experienceasrequiredforthejob.

A.obvious

B.ambitious

C.relevant

D.apparent參考答案：C略8.Itisimportantformanufacturerstoidentifysome

problemsatthedesignstage.

A.potential

B.financial

C.personal

D.emotional參考答案：a略9.Theyoungmanrushedoutoftheroom,_______intohiscarandstartedithurriedly_______togethomeassoonaspossible.A.got;hoping

B.getting;andhoped

C.got;hoped

D.getting;hoped參考答案：A10.Atthemeetinghe

asuggestionthatalibrarybesetupinthetown.

A.putfor

B.putforward

C.setoff

D.comeupwith參考答案：B

11.Mr.Greendidn’tunderstand________madehisdaughtersoabsent-mindedthismorning.A.howthatwas

B.whatwasit

C.whyitwasthat

D.whatitwasthat參考答案：D12.NotuntilIdroppedoutofschool____howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.Irealized

B.didIrealize

C.Ihadrealized

D.Ihadrealized參考答案：B13.Inthereading-room,wefoundWinifred____atadesk,withherattention_____onanovel．A．sitting;fixing

B．seating;fixedC．sitting;fixed

D．seated;fixing參考答案：C14.Kateis________skiing.Herfavouriteseasoniswinterwhenitoftensnows.A．tiredof

B．fedupwithC．wildabout D．curiousabout參考答案：Cbewildabout“熱衷于……”，符合題意。15.

--Guesswhat,we’vegotourvisasforashort-termvisittotheUKthissummer.

--Hownice!You

adifferentculturethen.

A.haveexperienced

B.willbeexperiencing

C.havebeenexperiencing

D.willhaveexperienced參考答案：B16.Wewouldn’thavecalledataxiyesterdayifHarold__________usaridehome.A.didn’toffer

B.wouldn’tofferC.hasn’toffered

D.hadn’toffered參考答案：D32、ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo

Icantosavethem.A.whatever

B.that

C.which

D.whichever參考答案：A略二、新的題型18.Whatisclone?Thenoun“clone”andtheverb“toclone”arenotusedconsistently.Inbiologyacloneisacelloranorganism,whichis_____51_____(genetic)thesameasanothercellororganism.Manysimpleorganismssuchasbacteriareproducethemselvesby_____52_____(copy)theirDNAandsplitting(分裂)inhalf.Theverb“toclone”refers_____53_____theprocessofcreatingclonedcellsororganisms.Theprocessdiffers,_____54_____(depend)onthekindsofcellsusedinthecloningprocedureandthedesiredresult.Usually,_____55_____scientistscloneananimal,theytakethenucleus(核)ofacellandplaceitintoaneggcellfrom_____56_____thenucleushasbeenremoved.Theeggcellthendividestoproduce_______57_______embryothatdevelopsananimaliftheproceduresworkas_____58_____(plan).Differentfromothercloningcases,Dollywascreatedfromaspecializedadultcell,_____59_____fromaveryearlyembryoniccellinwhichnospecialized_____60_____(tissue)begintodevelop.參考答案：51.genetically

52.copying

53.to

54.depending

55.when

56.which

57.an

58.planned

59.not

60.tissues這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了有關(guān)“克隆”的知識(shí)?！?1題詳解】考查副詞。句意：在生物學(xué)中，克隆是一個(gè)細(xì)胞或一個(gè)有機(jī)體，它在遺傳上與另一個(gè)細(xì)胞或有機(jī)體是相同的。該空作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用副詞，故填genetically?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。by是介詞，后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填copying?！?3題詳解】考查介詞。句意：動(dòng)詞“克隆”指的是創(chuàng)造克隆細(xì)胞或有機(jī)體的過(guò)程。refer常和介詞to搭配，表示“指的是”，故填介詞to?！?4題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這個(gè)過(guò)程是不同的，取決于克隆過(guò)程中使用的細(xì)胞種類(lèi)和期望的結(jié)果。_____4_____(depend)onthekindsofcellsusedinthecloningprocedureandthedesiredresult是狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)theprocess和dependon…之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填depending?！?5題詳解】考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：通常，當(dāng)科學(xué)家克隆動(dòng)物時(shí)，他們把細(xì)胞核放入一個(gè)卵細(xì)胞中，然后從中取出細(xì)胞核。結(jié)合句意，該空引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故填when?！?6題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。from_____6_____thenucleushasbeenremoved是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾aneggcell，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作from的賓語(yǔ)，指物，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。【57題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：然后卵細(xì)胞分裂產(chǎn)生一個(gè)胚胎，如果這個(gè)過(guò)程按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行，胚胎就會(huì)發(fā)育成動(dòng)物。embryo是可數(shù)名詞，該處表示“一個(gè)胚胎”，且embryo的發(fā)音開(kāi)頭是元音音素，前面應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。故填an。【58題詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。as引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。該從句補(bǔ)充完整為：astheproceduresareplanned。根據(jù)主從句主語(yǔ)一致，從句中有be，省略從句的主語(yǔ)和be的原則，可將theproceduresare省略。故填planned?！?9題詳解】考查句意理解。句意：與其他克隆案例不同的是，多利是由一個(gè)專(zhuān)門(mén)的成年細(xì)胞創(chuàng)造的，而不是由一個(gè)早期的胚胎細(xì)胞創(chuàng)造的。故填not?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。tissue是可數(shù)名詞，意為“組織”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為begin，根據(jù)主謂一致原則，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該和begin保持一致，用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填tissues。三、閱讀理解19.Plastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng))，andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.qSofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊狀物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass--apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood-beeswax--alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic"Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,"sheexplains."Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond."JenniferDebruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess-notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”33.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.34.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto

.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed35.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph