Book2Unit1CulturalHeritageReadingandThinkingLanguagepoints1.Therecomesatimewhentheoldmustgivewaytonew,anditisnotpossibletopreserveeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.

Therecomesatimewhen…這個句子中包含了由when引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句，修飾的是先行詞atime。e.g.Thisisatime

whenpeoplecangetalotofinformationfromtheInternet.

這是一個可以從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上獲得大量信息的時代。Itwasatimewhenmanypeoplehadjustmadethehardjourneybacktotheirhometowns.那時候，許多人剛剛踏上返回家鄉(xiāng)的艱難旅程。WhenIwasalittleboy,therewasatimewhenIwenttofishwithmyeldersister.當我還是個小男孩的時候，有一段時間我和我姐姐去釣魚。【拓展】與give相關(guān)的短語giveup放棄giveaway

分發(fā)，捐贈；泄露giveback

還給，恢復(fù)（健康等）givein

交上，讓步giveinto屈服于；向……讓步giveoff

發(fā)出（光、熱、氣味等）giveout

用完；耗盡；發(fā)出givewayto:tostopresistingsb./sth.;toagreetodosth.thatyoudonotwanttodo

讓步；屈服e.g.AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，經(jīng)濟繁榮取代了對另一場經(jīng)濟大蕭條的恐懼?！菊Z境應(yīng)用】用give短語完成句子。1)Theynever__________andfoughtthelastminuteinthegame.2)Gates__________over$1.5milliontosupportKhanandnamedhim“theteachertotheworld”.3)Theserottingbananas_____________abadsmell.4)Theargumentwentonforhoursbecauseneithersidewould___________.5)Factoriesthat___________harmfulgaseswereallshutdownafterthepolicycameintoeffect.6)Whenfulfillingyourpurposesseemstough,don’t___________discouragement.7)God,IloveYousomuchIwant____________toYou.gaveupgaveawayaregivingoffgiveingaveoutgiveintotogiveback2.Findingandkeepingtherightbalance

betweenprogressandtheprotectionofculturalsitescanbeabigchallenge.balancen.

A

balance

isasituationinwhichallthedifferentpartsareequalinstrengthorimportance.平衡;均勻balanced

adj.平衡的，均衡的e.g.Shecycledroundthecorner,lostherbalanceandfelloff.她騎車拐彎時失去平衡，摔了下來。balancevt.

使平衡e.g.Thegovernmenthastofindsomewaytobalancethesetwoneeds.政府得找到某種方法來平衡這兩種需求。1)Heranklecaughtonaroot,andshealmostlostherbalance.

___________________________________________2)Doyoubelieveit?Mikesaidhecouldbalanceapencilontheendofhisnose.__________________________________________________________【語境運用】翻譯下列句子。你相信嗎？邁克說他可以在他的鼻尖上立著鉛筆使之保持平衡。

loseone’sbalance失去平衡keepone’sbalance保持平衡recover/regainone’sbalance恢復(fù)平衡keepabalancebetweenAandB在A和B之間保持平衡她的腳踝絆到一個樹根上，身體差點失去平衡。3.Bigchallenges,however,cansometimesleadtogreatsolutions.

leadto:toresultin(something)

導(dǎo)致;造成(后果);通向

其中to是介詞，后可接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式作賓語【拓展】

leadsb.todosth.使某人做某事leadsb.tosp.

帶領(lǐng)某人去某地leadtheway

引路,帶路lead/live/havea

...

life

過著……樣的生活【語境應(yīng)用】漢譯英1)糟糕的飲食終將導(dǎo)致疾病。

2)條條大路通羅馬。

3)她帶領(lǐng)我們到了樓上的一個房間。

Apoordietwillultimatelyleadtoillness.AllroadsleadtoRome.Sheledustoaroomupstairs.4.Buttheproposalledtoprotests.proposaln.

aplanorsuggestionwhichismadeformallytoanofficialpersonorgroup,ortheactofmakingit提議；建議make/putforwardaproposal提出建議e.g.Onbehalfofthestudentunion,I’dliketomake/putforwardaproposaltosavewateronourcampus.

Manyinvestorswelcomedtheproposaltoreducetaxesforthepoorlypaid.注：proposal后常加todo形式，補充說明proposal的內(nèi)容。protest

n.

somethingthatyoudotoshowpubliclythatyouthinkthatsomethingiswrongandunfair抗議常用搭配：withoutprotest乖乖地，毫不反對地underprotest無奈地，不服氣地e.g.Sheacceptedthechargewithoutprotest.

Theyagreedtotheproposalunderprotest.vi.&vt.(公開)反對，抗議（常與about,against或at連用）e.g.Guestscanprotestaboutthebadserviceoftherestauranttotheowner.

Studentstooktothestreetstoprotestagainstthedecision.Manypeoplehaveprotestedatthecutsinstatebenefits.【語境運用】翻譯下面句子。1)

IamgoingtothelocalgovernmentofficesonMondaymorningtoprotestaboutthisplan.______________________________________________2)

Wedecidedtotakethelineofleastresistanceandabsorballofthemwithoutprotest.________________________________________________我將在周一早上到當?shù)卣k公室抗議這項計劃。

我們決定盡量少麻煩，毫無異議地把它們都納入進去。

5.ThegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.

turnedto...(forhelp)

此處意為“求助于...”。它還有其它含義：1.轉(zhuǎn)向，致力于

2.開始做某事，投入某項工作。例如：Solidsturntoliquidsatcertaintemperatures.Theirtopicturnedtothechangethathadtakenplaceinthecity.Forafullexplanationofhowthemachineworks,turntopage4.Pleaseturntomewhenyou’respeaking,sothatIcanhearwhatyouaresaying.

轉(zhuǎn)到翻到轉(zhuǎn)向變成turnon開(水、煤氣、電器等) turnoff關(guān)(水、煤氣、電器等)turnup出現(xiàn)，到場；調(diào)大(音量等) turndown調(diào)小(音量等)；拒絕turninto變成，進入 turnout結(jié)果是，證明是，生產(chǎn)turnover翻身；（使）翻轉(zhuǎn) turnaround/round轉(zhuǎn)身；轉(zhuǎn)變，好轉(zhuǎn)turnaway（把臉）轉(zhuǎn)過去由turn構(gòu)成的短語還有：用turn構(gòu)成的短語填空：1.Motoristswereforced___________theirheadlightsatmidday.2.Noonecouldhaveforeseen(that)thingswould__________thisway.3.Thestadiumwasjammedandtheyhadto___________hundredsofdisappointedfans.4.Don’tworry.I’msureyourmissingglasses____________soonerorlater.toturnonturnoutturnawaywillturnup6.AcommitteewasestablishedtolimitdamagetotheEgyptianbuildingsandpreventthelossofculturalrelics.

limitvt.tocontrolsomethingsothatitisnotgreaterthanaparticularamount,numberorlevel

限定,限制

n.限制,限度【歸納】limit...to...

把……限制在……范圍內(nèi)belimitedto...局限于……atime/speed/agelimit

時間/速度/年齡限制withinlimits

在某種程度上;有一定限制setalimiton

對……加以限制beyondthelimit超過限度vt.n.【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子。1)_____________

(設(shè)定一個限度)thenumberoftasksyoutakeoneachdayandsticktoit.2)IhaveseveralthingsIwanttodoandbesoIdon’t_______________(把自己局限在)justonedream.3)Theytoldusthatwecoulddowhateverweliked,____________________

(在一定限度內(nèi)).【歸納】limitedadj.有限的limitationn.限制；控制Setalimittolimitmyselftowithin

(certain)

limitspreventvt.

tostopsomethingfromhappening,orstopsomeonefromdoingsomething

阻止；阻礙；阻撓prevent…from…阻止；不準

(有時可省略from)類似結(jié)構(gòu)：stop...from...

阻止……做……keep...from...

阻止……做……prevent和stop后的from

都可以省略，但在被動語態(tài)中不能省略from。而keep...fromdoingsth.中的from則不能省略，如果省略了，其意義將發(fā)生改變。eg.Theytookactivestepstopreventthespreadofthedisease.

Urgenttalksaregoingontopreventthemarket(from)goingintofinancialmeltdownduringthesummer.7.Thegroupaskedforcontributionsfromdifferentdepartmentsandraisedfundswithintheinternationalcommunity.contributionn.

somethingthatyougiveordoinordertohelpsomethingbesuccessful

捐款；貢獻；捐贈makeacontributionto/towardssth.對……作出貢獻contributevi.&vt.捐獻，捐助，捐贈contributeto…促成；有助于contribute…to…把……捐獻給……eg.Theschoolseesitsjobaspreparingstudentstomakeacontributiontosociety.

YuanLongping’scontributiontoourcountryandtheworldisamazing.eg.Wehopeeveryonewillcontributetothediscussion.Theysaytheywouldliketocontributemore

tocharity,butmoneyistightthisyear.【語境運用】翻譯下面句子。1)

Howoftendidyoufeelthatyouhadsomethingtocontributetosociety?______________________________________________2)Honestyandhardworkcontributetosuccessandhappiness.___________________________________3)Everyoneofusshouldmakeacontributiontomakingourgardensmorebeautiful.____________________________________你多久覺得自己對社會有做出了一些貢獻？

誠實加苦干有助于獲得成功和幸福。

我們每個人應(yīng)該為使我們園林更美麗而做出貢獻。8.Fiftycountriesdonatednearly$80milliontotheproject.donate…to…向……捐贈……eg.Weareplanningtodonatemoneytoacharityandwantittohaveamajorimpactonpeople.我們計劃向慈善機構(gòu)捐款，希望它給人們帶來重大的影響。donatevt.

togivesomething,especiallymoney,toapersonoranorganizationinordertohelpthem

捐贈；贈送；獻（血）donationn.捐贈；贈送eg.Mostpeopleareabletodonatebloodagaininseveralmonthsiftheywish.如果他們愿意，大多數(shù)人可以在幾個月內(nèi)再次獻血。eg.Youcanofcoursehelpbygivingthemadonationdirectly.

你當然可以通過直接給他們一筆捐贈來幫助他們。9.WhydidtheEgyptiangovernmentwanttoattemptthebuildingofthedam?attemptn.企圖；試圖；嘗試

vt.

totrytodosomething,especiallysomethingdifficult企圖；試圖；嘗試【歸納】makeanattempttodo/atdoingsth.試圖做某事atthefirstattempt第一次嘗試attempt(v.)sth./todosth.嘗試某事/做某事(1)Iattemptedtospeak,butwastoldtokeepquiet.(2)Imadeanattempttopersuade/atpersuadinghertochangehermind,butIfailed.vt.嘗試，試圖(+todo)n.企圖，嘗試，試圖【語境應(yīng)用】單句語法填空/單詞拼寫。1)Theyspreadtalesaboutherinanattempt__________herwork.2)Notmanypeoplecananswerthisquestion_____thefirstattempt.3)Everyyearabout40,000people________(嘗試)toclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.(2019全國卷I)4)

Theofferisseenas_____attempttoimproveindustrialrelations.5)Anattempt_________(make)tointertwinetheamusingwiththeeducational.atattempttodevalueanismade10.Notonlyhad

thecountriesfoundapathtothefuturethatdidnotrunovertherelicsofthepast,buttheyhadalsolearntthatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.

這是一個由notonly…butalso…所連接的復(fù)合句。notonly…butalso…表示“不僅…而且…”，既可以用來連接兩個名詞、代詞或短語，也可以用來連接兩個句子。本句中連接的就是兩個句子。第一個句子以詞組notonly開始，助動詞had被提到了主語thecountries之前，形成了倒裝句。此句也可寫成：Thecountrieshadnotonlyfoundapath…,buthadalsolearntthat…英語修辭的一個重要原則是“尾重原則”，即把句子最復(fù)雜的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在語言使用中，為了避免頭重腳輕、結(jié)構(gòu)不平衡的現(xiàn)象，我們常采用倒裝語序。e.g.Onlythencanwestartanicejourneyandfindtruehappinessinourlives.只