PAGEPAGE12任務(wù)型寫作常用句型及萬能模板1.theInternet,sendelectroniccardsinsteadofpaperonesatNewYear’stime.隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，越來越多的人更趨向于新年時(shí)使用電子賀卡來代替紙的賀卡。2.,peopleshouldpaymoreattentionaboutit.在我看來，人們應(yīng)該更加留意。3.manypeopleprefertowalkbecauseithasaroleinourhealthylife.如今人們更喜歡走路因?yàn)樗谖覀兊慕】瞪钪邪缪葜苤匾慕巧?.But.但是，任何事情都有兩面性。5.isthattheseanimalsareindanger.其中一個(gè)很重要的缺點(diǎn)是這些動(dòng)物處于危險(xiǎn)之中。6.Livinginthecityhasboth.住在城市有好處也有不好的地方。,

“

You

are

only

young

once.”

.youcan’tbeyounganymore.俗話說“年輕不再”8.,

about

78.9%

of

the

college

students

wanted

to

further

their

study

after

their

graduation.根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，大約78.9%的大學(xué)生畢業(yè)后想繼續(xù)深造。

9.

good

manners

arise

from

politeness

and

respect

for

others.我們可以得出一個(gè)結(jié)論,好的舉止來自于好的禮貌習(xí)慣和對別人的尊重。▼評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)◆概括1.

完全不理解，照抄原文(0分)2.

死板機(jī)械地抄，不改變原文順序(1分)3.

改變主語或賓語的抄為主(2分)

(靈活地抄)4.

稍為改動(dòng)總體的抄(3分)5.

改變句子、用詞，重新排列組織(4—5分)

(字?jǐn)?shù)不特別要求)◆自主寫作(120字)1.

感想，語言，內(nèi)容，連貫性；2.

語言為主,

內(nèi)容的相關(guān)部分，綜合考慮連貫；3.

首先看語言是否合格；4.

內(nèi)容：讀后感；5.

用了閱讀理解中的素材不算抄襲；6.

內(nèi)容偏離的時(shí)候以語言為主。▼答題指導(dǎo)1.

明確任務(wù)：寫作要求中細(xì)分了若干個(gè)小任務(wù)，要先看清楚具體的任務(wù)要求，并在頭腦中對所有的任務(wù)有個(gè)通盤的考慮，同時(shí)明確中心任務(wù)。2.

概括主旨：即認(rèn)真閱讀材料，概括材料的主旨——將與任務(wù)要求密切相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，用簡潔的語言準(zhǔn)確地“重組”出來，完成任務(wù)一。注意：要用自己的語言“重組”與任務(wù)相關(guān)的主要內(nèi)容，不要抄襲閱讀材料中的句子；同時(shí)要注意使表述的信息要與原文材料的內(nèi)容一致。3.

發(fā)表看法：即發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)或看法，并用實(shí)例或其它論述方法支持你的觀點(diǎn)，完成其它任務(wù)。注意其內(nèi)容的合理性以及與閱讀材料的聯(lián)系，盡量順著閱讀材料的“文脈”來組織材料。4.

最后檢查：寫完后，檢查文章，注意文章是否通順，任務(wù)是否落實(shí)。適當(dāng)調(diào)整文章的謀篇布局，做到觀點(diǎn)鮮明，內(nèi)容連貫，層次清楚▼30字概括文章內(nèi)容方法1、使用意義相同或相近的單詞、短語或句式，或使用不同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)同一意思，如改變語態(tài)、肯定變否定等，避免抄襲原文句子。2、議論性或論說文，概括時(shí)則要盡可能客觀簡要地轉(zhuǎn)述閱讀材料的觀點(diǎn)。概括對方觀點(diǎn)首先是要轉(zhuǎn)換視角，即以“第三人稱”或“無人稱”來概括。3、如果給的閱讀材料是一則故事，應(yīng)該用最簡練的語言來說明故事講述了什么，不能拖泥帶水講細(xì)節(jié)，而且最好講出故事給你的啟示或其中的一個(gè)道理。4、如果是說明性或描述性短文，就必須用概括性的文字說明一現(xiàn)象。▼概括的寫作步驟：1、尋找關(guān)鍵詞文章的關(guān)鍵詞可結(jié)合“寫”的任務(wù)中的“就……”主題發(fā)表自己的看法的要求來確定。如，要求你“以約120詞談?wù)勀憷硐氲拇髮W(xué)生活”，那么所閱讀的文章的主題詞就應(yīng)是“college/universitylife”。2、確定主題句。文章的主題句首先可通過所給閱讀材料的標(biāo)題來確定,閱讀材料的標(biāo)題即是文章的論點(diǎn)或主題句。沒有標(biāo)題的文章，我們就尤應(yīng)注意議論文、夾敘夾論文和說明文的第一段（總起段）和最后一段（總結(jié)段），或每一段的第一句或第二句（總起句）和最后一句（總結(jié)句）。沒有主題句的需要自己組合。3、重構(gòu)主題句。概括的主題句要?dú)w納總結(jié)性強(qiáng)，能涵蓋后面所有的支撐句的內(nèi)容。4、重組支撐句。支撐句的意義在邏輯上受制于主題句，可以是補(bǔ)充過程或者提供證據(jù)。常見錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)對策略1.無法抓住短文要點(diǎn)a．仔細(xì)閱讀全文b．找出關(guān)鍵詞（句）2.無法擺脫原文句子c．理清關(guān)鍵詞（句）間的關(guān)系d．借助關(guān)鍵詞，用自己的語言恰當(dāng)?shù)馗爬ㄒc(diǎn)。Practice：1、readthepassagecarefullyandfindsomekeywords/sentencesinit.Learningtostudyisnotdifficult.Thefirstthingtorememberisthatyoumustbewillingtolearn.Itdoesn’tmeanthatyoumustalwayslikethesubject.Itdoesmean,however,thatyoumustbewillingtolearnwhateverisnecessary.Trytounderstandwhyitisimportantandhowitwillhelpyounowandlater.Knowingmathematicalfactswillbeusefulinyourwholelife.Knowinghowtospellwordsmakesanykindofwritingeasier.Sometimesthesubjectthatyouthinkisgoingtobeuninterestingwillbeattractivewhenyoubegintoworkonit.Learningthingscanbefunifyoucantryyourbest.Here’ssomeadviceforyou.Haveacertaintimeeachdayandaquietplacewithgoodlightingforstudy,sothatyoucanconcentrateonyourstudywithoutinterruptions.Haveeverythingreadybeforeyousitdowntostudy,adictionary,paper,apenandbooks.Besureyouunderstandwhatyoushouldlearnbeforeyoustart.Readcarefullyandpayspecialattentiontothemostimportantthings.Whenmemorizing,findoutthemainpartsandthenrecitethewholething.Checkyourhomeworkafteryoufinishit.Neverforgettheimportanceofreviewandpreview.該短文分為兩個(gè)自然段，第一段的第一個(gè)句子提出觀點(diǎn)：Learningtostudyisnotdifficult.第一段的其余部分都是在闡述分析該觀點(diǎn)的前提條件。于是，在這一部分提煉主要意思并用"if"連接起來就是第一自然段的段落大意：Thewritertellsusthatlearningtostudyisnotdifficultifwearewillingtolearnandenjoyit.第二段非常明顯，第一個(gè)句子即是本段的主題句。其余部分是具體內(nèi)容，應(yīng)刪減。但應(yīng)提醒學(xué)生不可照搬，應(yīng)該用自己的語言換一種說法，如：Healsogivesusadviceonhowtolearnwell.然后把兩個(gè)自然段的大意歸并一起，得出短文的大意：Thewritertellsusthatlearningtostudyisnotdifficultifwearewillingtolearnandenjoyit.Healsogivesusadviceonhowtolearnwell最后，在概括準(zhǔn)確、全面的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上，讓學(xué)生互相交流，感受多種表達(dá)，比如：Intheauthor’sopinion,ifyouarewillingtolearnandtryyourbest,you’llfindlearningnotdifficultbutfun.Andsomesuggestionsareputforwardtohelpustolearnwell.2、Expressthemainideaofthepassageinourownwordsusingabout30words2、Manypeoplegotoschoolforaneducation.Theylearnlanguages,history,geography,physics,chemistryandmath.Othersgotoschooltolearnaskillsothattheycanmakealiving.Schooleducationisveryimportantanduseful.Yetnoonecanlearneverythingfromschool.Ateacher,nomatterhowmuchheknows,cannotteachhisstudentseverythingtheywanttoknow.Theteacher’sjobistoshowhisstudentshowtolearn.Heteachesthemhowtoreadandhowtothink.Muchmoreistobelearnedoutsideschoolbythestudentsthemselves.Itisalwaysmoreimportanttolearntostudybyoneselfthantolearneverywordfromthebook.Greatscientists,suchasEinstein,NewtonandGalileo,didn’tgeteverythingfromschool.Buttheywereallsosuccessful.Thereasonfortheirsuccessisthattheyknewhowtostudy.Theyworkedhardalltheirlives,wastingnotasinglemoment.Theywouldaskmanyquestionsastheyreadandtheydidthousandsofexperiments.Expressthemainideaofthepassageinourownwordsusingabout30words2、

概括范例一：Schoolsaretheimportantplacewherepeoplecangetknowledgeandskills.However,teachers’jobisnottoteachstudentseverythingbuttoshowthemhowtolearnbythemselves.Manygreatscientistssucceededbecausetheyknewhowtoself-studyanduseknowledgeinpractice.

概括范例二：Schoolsaretheimportantplacewherepeoplecangetknowledgeandskills.However,teachers’jobisnottoteachstudentseverythingbuttoshowthemhowtolearnbythemselves.Manygreatscientistssucceededbecausetheyknewhowtoself-studyanduseknowledgeinpractice.▼概括的形式：“主題句+支撐句”即“主題+主題的什么”文體主題句支撐句議論文文章論點(diǎn)（一句）文章論據(jù)（兩三句）記敘文故事的寫作目的/主題（一句）故事大意（兩三句）說明文說明的對象/觀點(diǎn)/現(xiàn)象解釋/分述

記敘文“主題+故事簡述”，其主要句型為：Thepassagemainlytells/emphasizes/focuseson……議論文：“主題/論點(diǎn)+論據(jù)”，其主要句型為：論點(diǎn)/主題：Thearticlemainlyconveystheidea/discussestheproblem/reasons/ways/ideas,論據(jù)：Forexample,/suchas…說明文：“主題+解釋/分述”，其主要句型為：主題：Thearticlepointsout/talksabout/tellsaboutthecommonphenomenonthat……解釋/分述：forexample……Practice：閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。Hi,IamMike.Ijustwentthroughmyfirstyearofcollege.Thetoughestpartonmeatfirstwasthegeneraladjustment.Iwenttoaverysmallhighschoolwheremymomwasateacherandshedidpracticallyeverythingforme.ButatthecollegeIneededtoknowsomebasiclifeskills,suchasbalancingacheck-book,laundry,andthethingsyouhavetobeabletohandlethatIneverthoughtofinthehighschool!ItwasreallytoughformeatfirstandIgotbadlyhomesick.OncethatfirstsemesterwasoverandIgotusedtothecollegelife,Ilovedit—goodfacilities,helpfulinstructors,andagoodlibrary.TheStudents’Unionorganizesvariouspartieseveryweek.Ialsogotocinemasandconcerts,andoftenspendSaturdaynightsinpubsandclubs.OnethingIthinkisimportantistogetyouactiveinthings.Iwasonthedanceteamincollegeandmetatonofpeoplethatway···itwassomucheasiertomakefriendswhenyouhadacommonground.[寫作內(nèi)容]學(xué)校最近組織了一次中美學(xué)生交流活動(dòng)，你參加其中的“大學(xué)校園生活”討論。聽完Mike的發(fā)言之后，你準(zhǔn)備寫一份發(fā)言稿，題目是“PreparingMyselfforCollegeLife”，內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)包括：1.以約30個(gè)詞概括Mike的發(fā)言要點(diǎn)；2.然后以約120個(gè)詞談?wù)勀憷硐氲拇髮W(xué)生活，內(nèi)容包括：(1)、對中學(xué)生活的感受；(2)、理想的大學(xué)生活；(3)、中學(xué)生活和大學(xué)生活的差別，以及你打算如何適應(yīng)。[寫作要求]1.在作文中可以使用自己親身的經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)的故事，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。[評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]概括準(zhǔn)確，語言規(guī)范，內(nèi)容合適，篇章連貫。因?yàn)閷懽鲀?nèi)容中已規(guī)定了你將進(jìn)行的演講的標(biāo)題“PreparingMyselfforCollegeLife”，而且還要求以120個(gè)詞談?wù)勀憷硐氲拇髮W(xué)生活，所以，毫無疑問，此閱讀材料的關(guān)鍵詞為“CollegeLife”。而此閱讀材料主要表述Mike對大學(xué)生的看法或認(rèn)識(shí)，是一篇夾敘夾議型的發(fā)言稿。此發(fā)言稿共有三段，其中，第一段講述了適應(yīng)大學(xué)生活的困難，第二段則闡述了適應(yīng)期過后大學(xué)生活的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在第三段中Mike對大學(xué)生活提出了一個(gè)建議。而且，我們不難從文中找到主題句：第一段：Thetoughestpartonmeatfirstwasthegeneraladjustment.第二段：OncethatfirstsemesterwasoverandIgotusedtothecollegelife,Ilovedit.第三段：OnethingIthinkisimportantistogetyourselfactiveinthings.找到主題句后，我們所要做的就是用自己的語言將這些每段話的主題句串聯(lián)成文，從而我們得出如下概括：Inhistalk,Miketalksabouthowharditwasforhimtoadjusttocollegelifeandthathefindscollegelifeinterestingafterhistoughadjustment.Also,headvisescollegestudentstobeactiveoncampus.(37words)Part1I．．．．hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages．……既有利又有弊。例如：1.Obviouslytelevisionhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages．2.Livinginacityhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages．3.Comparedwithcars，bikeshavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages．舉一反三：1．Althoughcomputersbringpeoplealotofconvenience，theyhavemanydisadvantages．2．．．．hasmanyadvantages．Forexample，．．．However，justaseverycoinhastwosides，．．．hasitsdisadvantages．II．．．．play（s）animportantrole／partin．．．……在……中扮演重要角色／起重要作用。例如：1．Computersplayanimportantroleinscienceandtechnology．2．Computersplayamoreandmoreimportantroleinourlife．舉一反三：1．Advertisementplaysaninformativeroleinourdailylife．2．Inthepast，lettersplayedadecisiveroleinlong-distancecommunication．Butnow，telephone，email，faxhavetakentheirplace．III．Withthedevelopmentof．．．，隨著……的發(fā)展，例如：1．Withthedevelopmentofoureconomy，manyChinesefamiliescanaffordacar．2．Withthedevelopmentofoureconomyandsociety，pollutionismoreandmoreserious．3．Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology，peoplecangetacollegedegreebytakingonline-coursesathome．Ⅳ.表示看法1)Peoplehave(take，adopt，assume)differentattitudestowardssth.2)Peoplehavedifferentopinionsonthisproblem.3)Opinionsaredividedonthequestion.4)Somepeoplebelievethat...Othersarguethat...Ⅴ表示結(jié)論1)Inshort，itcanbesaidthat...2)Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove，wecancometotheconclusionthat...3)Ingeneral/Aboveall,/Asaresult,/4)Ifallabovementionedmeasuresareachieved…5)Now,whichonedoyouprefertheone…ortheone…?Wereitlefttometoselect,Ishouldnothesitateamomenttochoosetheformer/latter.Ⅵ.表示原因1)Therearethreereasonsforthis.2)Thereasonsforthisareasfollows.3)Thereasonforthisisthat...Ⅶ.表示好處和壞處1)Ithasthefollowingadvantages.2)Itdoesusalotofgood.3)Itbenefitsusquitealot.4)Itisbeneficialtous.5)Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages.6)Itdoesusmuchharm.7)Itisharmfultous.Ⅷ.表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能1)Itisimportant(necessary，difficult，convenient，possible)forsb.todosth.2)Wethinkitnecessarytodosth.3)Itplaysanimportantroleinourlife.Ⅸ.表示事實(shí)、現(xiàn)狀1)Wecannotignorethefactthat...2)Noonecandenythefactthat...3)Thereisnodenyingthefactthat...4)It

is

obvious

that…/obviously…Ⅹ.表示比較1)ComparedwithA，B...2)Iprefertodosth.ratherthandosth..Ⅺ.表示數(shù)量1)Thenumberof…h(huán)asincreased(decreased)from...to...Part2其他常用句型Ⅰ.主題1).Currently,thereisawidespread/seriousconcernover…2).Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat…3).I

am

greatly

convinced

that…4).As

far

as

I

am

concerned…5).of

all

the

people

I

know,

perhaps

none

deserves

my

respect

more

than

…6).Nothing

in

the

world

can

delight

me

so

much

as

…7)…

cannot

be

overemphasized8)As

an

old

saying

goes(runs,

says),

"…"=an

old

saying

goes,

"…"

Ⅱ過渡與轉(zhuǎn)折1).Eachcoinhastwosides.2)Onthecontrary…3)…butthiswasnotalwaysthecase.4)Firstly…secondly…lastbutnottheleast5)…remindmeof…6)Forsome,thewaymayberight,nevertheless,formanyothers…Ⅲ.并列1).First…besides,inaddition…what’smore2).Foronething…,foranother…3)Differentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowards…,somebelievethat…others,however,arguethat…stillothersmaintainthat…4)Somepeoplelikeadueto…However,therearemanyyoungpeople,includingme,especiallylikeB.Ⅳ.強(qiáng)調(diào)1)Thereasonwhy…isthat…2)Itis