選擇性必修第一冊(cè)UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT核心單詞閱讀詞匯1.physiologyn.生理學(xué)；生理機(jī)能2.artemisininn.[藥]青蒿素3.crucialadj.至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵性的4.malarian.瘧疾5.vitaladj.必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機(jī)的6.objectiven.目標(biāo)；目的adj.客觀的7.botanicaladj.植物學(xué)的8.propertyn.性質(zhì)；特征；財(cái)產(chǎn)9.extractn.提取物；摘錄vt.提取；提煉；摘錄；(用力)拔出10.boilvt.&vi.(使)沸騰；煮開；燒開n.沸騰；沸點(diǎn)11.substancen.物質(zhì)；物品；事實(shí)根據(jù)12.geniusn.天才；天資；天賦13.patentn.專利；專利證書；獲得專利adj.有專利的；受專利保護(hù)的

14.extraordinaryadj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的

15.devicen.方法；技巧；裝置；儀器

高頻詞匯1.________n.液體adj.液體的；液態(tài)的2.________vt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得；贏得vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在；流行l(wèi)iquidobtainacknowledgedefeat3.___________vt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等)；(公開)感謝4.________n.失?。淮鞌t.擊?。粦?zhàn)勝insistmostly5.________vi.&vt.堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)決要求6.________adv.主要地；一般地7.___________n.條件；環(huán)境；狀況circumstance8.________n.流；流動(dòng)；流暢；供應(yīng)vi.流；流動(dòng)flowchart9.________n.圖表vt.記錄；制訂計(jì)劃10.________vt.創(chuàng)建；建立；把……建立在11.________vt.推斷；推定foundinfer12.___________n.結(jié)果；后果consequenceencounter13.__________vt.偶然碰到；遇到n.邂逅；遭遇14.___________adj.非凡的；顯著的remarkabledraft15.________n.草稿；草案vt.起草；草擬

拓展詞匯

1.commitvt.承諾；保證(某個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等)→__________n.承諾；保證；奉獻(xiàn)

2.academyn.(藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、科學(xué)等的)研究院；學(xué)會(huì)；專科院?！鷂_________adj.學(xué)業(yè)的；學(xué)術(shù)的commitmentacademic3._________n.目標(biāo)；目的adj.客觀的→objectv.反對(duì)n.物體→_________n.反對(duì)objectiveobjectionevaluation4.evaluatevt.評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估→__________n.評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估5.________adj.清晰的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的→distinctionn.差別；區(qū)分distinctanalyze/analyseanalysesapparent6.______________vt.分析→analysisn.分析→_________[pl.]7._______adj.明顯的→apparentlyadv.顯而易見；看來；顯然8.sciencen.科學(xué)→________adj.科學(xué)(上)的；關(guān)于科學(xué)的9.concludev.結(jié)束；推斷出→__________n.結(jié)論；推論10._________n.小說家→noveln.(長(zhǎng)篇)小說scientificconclusionnovelist11.politicsn.政治；政治學(xué)→________adj.政治的→_________n.從政者；政治家；政客politicalpoliticiantheory

12.________n.理論；學(xué)說→theoreticaladj.理論(上)的

13.gentleadj.溫柔的；文靜的→________adv.溫柔地；溫和地

14.________n.酷愛；激情→passionateadj.狂熱的

15.gradualadj.逐漸的；逐步的→__________adv.逐漸地；逐步地gentlypassiongradually

16.instituten.(教育、專業(yè)等)機(jī)構(gòu)；機(jī)構(gòu)建筑→__________n.社會(huì)公共機(jī)構(gòu)；制度；習(xí)俗

17.__________n.教授→professionn.職業(yè)→___________adj.專業(yè)的(人士)n.專業(yè)人員18._________vi.總結(jié)；概括n.金額；款項(xiàng)；總數(shù)；總和→summaryn.總結(jié)→____________v.總結(jié)institutionprofessorprofessionalsumsummarize熟詞生義acknowledge【熟義】vt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等)；(公開)感謝【生義】vt.認(rèn)可(某人的成就、地位或品質(zhì))【典例】HeryearsofhardworkhavefinallybeenacknowledgedafteracustomernominatedhertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.她多年的辛勤工作終于得到了認(rèn)可，一位顧客提名她為“柴郡年度女性”。

重點(diǎn)短語1.________oneselftodo承諾；保證(做某事、遵守協(xié)議或安排等)commitontowearto2.insist________堅(jiān)決要求3.according________根據(jù)……；按照……4.________andtear(正常使用造成的)磨損；損耗5.come________power(開始)掌權(quán)；上臺(tái)6.________upaposition擔(dān)任；任職take7.________up總結(jié)；概括8.hang________稍等9.serve________充當(dāng)；擔(dān)任10.________contributionsto...對(duì)……做出貢獻(xiàn)sumonasmake

精選佳句

教材原句

1.Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,and_______________________save100，000livesayearinAfricaalone.青蒿素已成為治療瘧疾的重要組成部分，據(jù)認(rèn)為僅在非洲一年就能挽救十萬人的生命。句式結(jié)構(gòu)isthoughtto句式1：sth.bethoughttodosth.是Itisthoughtthat...句式的轉(zhuǎn)換教材原句todraw

2.Usingalowertemperature________________outtheextract,shefoundasubstancethatworked.用較低的溫度獲得提取物，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種有效的物質(zhì)。

句式結(jié)構(gòu)

句式2：動(dòng)詞不定式todo表目的教材原句Uponhearing

3.________________thatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine...”

當(dāng)聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)時(shí)，屠呦呦說：“榮譽(yù)不僅僅屬于我自己……”

句式結(jié)構(gòu)

句式3:“介詞upon＋v.-ing

形式”構(gòu)成介詞短語，用作時(shí)間狀語教材原句whowho

4.AlbertEinstein，________isperhapsthegreatestscientistinmodernphysics,isoftenconsideredoneofthesmartestmen________everlived.愛因斯坦，也許是近代物理學(xué)界最偉大的科學(xué)家，他常被認(rèn)為是有史以來最聰明的人之一。

句式結(jié)構(gòu)

句式4：第一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，第二個(gè)who引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句

課文復(fù)現(xiàn)

TuYouyouwontheNobelPrizeforthediscoveryofartemisinin—1.________crucialnewtreatmentformalaria.Artemisininhasbecomean2.____________(importance)partofthetreatmentformalaria.graduatedbotanical

Asa3._________(commit)andpatientscientist,she4.________(graduate)fromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.In1969,shebecametheheadoftheprojectinBeijing,anddecidedtoreviewancientChinesemedicaltextstofindtraditional5.________(botany)aimportantcommittedtreatmentsformalaria.Herteamexaminedover2000oldmedicaltextsand6._________(evaluate)280000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.7.________,shewouldn'tacknowledgedefeat.Afterfailingmorethan190times,sheandherteamfinallysucceededin1971.Theyeven8.________(insist)ontestingthemedicineonthemselves. Theirsuccessprovesthegreat9.__________(valuable)oftraditionalChinesemedicine.ItisindeedanhonourforChina's10._________(science)researchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.evaluatedHoweverinsistedvaluescientific

單句語法填空

1.Thesedifferencesareveryeasytoexplaintoanybodywho'swillingtomakean__________(object)analysis. 2.It'sinthisplacethattheriver________(flow)downintotheocean.objectiveflowsencountered

3.Whatacoincidence!Yesterday,I____________(encounter)anoldfriendinagrocerystore.

4.Whoevermakes___________(remarkable)greatcontributionstothesocietydeservestobepraised. 5.Itisgenerallyrecognisedthatstudentsshouldbe_________(evaluate)intermsofoverallquality. 6.Theycametoa__________(conclude)thatitwasathiefwhohadstolentheirdiamondnecklace. 7.Withthegoodcareofthenurses,theboyis________(gradual)recoveringfromhisheartoperation.remarkablyevaluatedconclusiongradually

8.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldgivemeaquick__________(sum)ofyourresearch. 9.Helovedplayingthisinstrument,andwascommitted________practisingit. 10.Theoldmaninsisted________findingataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.summarytoon1.commitvt.承諾；保證(某個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等)

【典例】

①Hecommittedhimselftotheproject,andhiseffortspaidoff.他全心投入這項(xiàng)工程，他的努力有了回報(bào)。 ②Thecompanyiscommittedtoexpandingtheproductdevelopmentofthemarket.這家公司致力于將產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)發(fā)展擴(kuò)大。【歸納】commitoneselftodo承諾；保證(做某事、遵守協(xié)議或安排等)becommittedto(doing)sth.致力于(做)某事commitacrime犯罪【點(diǎn)津】(1)commit的過去式和過去分詞均是committed，現(xiàn)在分詞是committing。(2)becommittedto(doing)sth.中的to為介詞。【拓展】(1)committedadj.盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)定的；堅(jiān)信的(2)commitmentn.承諾；保證；奉獻(xiàn)makeacommitmenttosb.向某人承諾【即學(xué)即用】單句語法填空myselftaking

(1)Shouldyouacceptmyapplication,Iwouldsparenoefforttocommit________(I)toyoursatisfaction. (2)Youshouldbecommittedto________(take)careofyourgrandmother.2.acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等)；(公開)感謝【典例】①Weacknowledgehimasagenius.我們承認(rèn)他是個(gè)天才。②Wehadtoacknowledgefailinginthegameintheend.最后我們不得不承認(rèn)輸?shù)袅吮荣?。【歸納】acknowledge...as/tobe...承認(rèn)……為……；公認(rèn)……是……acknowledgedoingsth.承認(rèn)做過某事acknowledgethat...承認(rèn)……Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat...人們普遍認(rèn)為……【拓展】acknowledgementn.承認(rèn)；感謝；致謝；收件復(fù)函inacknowledgementof...為感謝……【即學(xué)即用】單句語法填空asacknowledgement

(1)Istartedtoacknowledgefailure________exactlywhatitis:anunavoidablepartofeveryone'slife—nothingmoreandnothingless. (2)Theflowerswereasmall_______________(acknowledge)ofyourkindness.

完成句子，每空一詞

(3)人們普遍認(rèn)為女性應(yīng)該和男性有平等的機(jī)會(huì)。

________________________________________________womendeservetohaveequalopportunitiestomen.Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat3.insistvi.&vt.堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)決要求【典例】①Butsheinsistsonuseatinghealthyfood.但她堅(jiān)持要我們吃健康的食物。

②Thoughallhisfriendsblamedhim,heinsistedthathehaddonenothingwrong.盡管他所有的朋友都責(zé)備他，但他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他沒做錯(cuò)任何事。③MymotherinsistedthatI(should)cleanmyroomfirst.媽媽強(qiáng)烈要求我先把我的房間打掃干凈?！練w納】insiston/upon(doing)sth.堅(jiān)持(做)某事insistthat...堅(jiān)持【點(diǎn)津】(1)insiston的同義表達(dá)有：stickto,persistin。(2)insistthat從句的用法：①表示“堅(jiān)持說/認(rèn)為……”時(shí)，從句內(nèi)容表示一個(gè)事實(shí)，從句按實(shí)際需要選擇時(shí)態(tài)；②表示“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，從句用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞用(should＋)do,should可以省略。

【即學(xué)即用】

單句語法填空

(1)Johninsistedon________(pay)forlunchtoday. (2)Heinsistedthathe________(be)right,soheinsistedthathisplan__________________(carry)outatonce.payingwas(should)becarried4.conclusionn.結(jié)論；推論【典例】OvertheyearsI'vecometoaconclusionthatshe'saverygreatmusician.這些年來，我得出的結(jié)論是她是一位非常偉大的音樂家?！練w納】cometo/arriveat/draw/reachaconclusion得出結(jié)論inconclusion最后；總之【拓展】concludevt.推斷出；得出結(jié)論；使結(jié)束vi.結(jié)束；終止conclude...with...以……結(jié)束……concludefrom...that...從……中得出結(jié)論toconclude最后；總之【即學(xué)即用】單句語法填空toconcludeconclusion

(1)Itisanapparentlyidealway__________(conclude)aseasonofsummerreading. (2)Iwonderwhomakesthisdecisionandhowhecometohis_________(conclude).reach/drawaconclusionthat

補(bǔ)全句子，每空一詞

(3)They_______________________________________(得出結(jié)論)whentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent.5.consequencen.結(jié)果；后果【典例】

①Iwonderifparentsshouldalwaystellthetruthnomattertheconsequences.我想知道父母是否應(yīng)該總是說實(shí)話，不管結(jié)果如何。 ②Asaconsequence,hewonthecompetition.結(jié)果是他贏了這場(chǎng)比賽。

【歸納】asaconsequence因此；結(jié)果asaconsequenceof由于；因?yàn)椤颈嫖觥縜saconsequence后接結(jié)果，asaconsequenceof后接原因，類似于because和becauseof的區(qū)別。【拓展】(1)consequentadj.作為結(jié)果的(2)consequentlyadv.結(jié)果；因此；所以(3)表示“由于；因?yàn)椤钡亩陶Z有：becauseof,dueto,asaresultof,asaconsequenceof,owingto,onaccountof。

(4)表示“結(jié)果；因此”的短語有：asaresult,asaconsequence,inconsequence。

【即學(xué)即用】

單句語法填空

(1)Amanmusttakethe_____________(consequent)ofhisowndeeds. (2)Iregrettoinformyouhediedasaconsequence________hisinjuries.consequenceof句式改寫，每空一詞Asaconsequence

(3)Asaresult,childrenbecomesoreliantontheirparentsthattheyhavenoindependentthoughtorcreativeideas.(改為同義句) ____________________________，childrenbecomesoreliantontheirparentsthattheyhavenoindependentthoughtorcreativeideas.1.cometopower(開始)掌權(quán)；上臺(tái)【典例】①Thevotershaveonceagainshowntheirsupportforthepartyinpower.選民們?cè)俅伪憩F(xiàn)出對(duì)執(zhí)政黨的支持。

②I'msorryit'sbeyondmypowertomakeafinaldecisionontheproject.很抱歉，要對(duì)這一工程作出最終決定是我力所不能及的?！練w納】beinpower執(zhí)政；當(dāng)權(quán)beyondone'spower力所不能及的withinone'spower力所能及的havethepowertodosth.有能力做某事【辨析】

cometopower意為“上臺(tái)執(zhí)政(表動(dòng)作)”，不能與一段時(shí)間連用；beinpower意為“在位(表狀態(tài))”，能與一段時(shí)間連用。【拓展】(1)powern.政權(quán)；強(qiáng)國(guó)；控制力；能力；權(quán)力；力量；能量；電力；功率powerstation發(fā)電站(2)powerfuladj.強(qiáng)有力的；有影響力的(3)powerlessadj.無能為力的【即學(xué)即用】單句語法填空(1)Ithasbeenseveralyearssincethepresidentcame________power.tocametopower完成句子，每空一詞(2)這個(gè)政黨是一年前開始執(zhí)政的。Theparty________________________ayearago.2.sumup總結(jié)；概括【典例】①Doesthewritersumuphowhefeelsaboutthisperson？作者是否總結(jié)了他對(duì)這個(gè)人的看法？②Tosumup,itisanamazingfilmsuitableforboththeyoungandold.總而言之，這是一部老少咸宜的好電影?！練w納】insum總而言之；大體上tosumup總之；總而言之a(chǎn)largesumof一大筆；大量的【拓展】(1)summaryn.總結(jié)；摘要adj.概括的；扼要的insummary總之；概括起來(2)summarizev.總結(jié)；概括；概述(3)表示“總之”的短語有：inaword,inshort,inbrief,insummary,allinall,tosumup,tosummarize,toconclude,inconclusion?！炯磳W(xué)即用】單句語法填空(1)Canyougivemeaquick________(sum)ofyourreport?(2)To_________(sum),thisisacleverapproachtoacommonproblem.summarysummarize句式改寫，每空一詞(3)Allinall,forahealthyheartyoumusttakeregularexerciseandstopsmoking.(改為同義句)To/Insum/aup/word

_______________________，forahealthyheartyoumusttakeregularexerciseandstopsmoking.

1.Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.(教材P2)青蒿素已成為治療瘧疾的重要組成部分，據(jù)認(rèn)為僅在非洲一年就能挽救十萬人的生命。【剖析】bethoughttodo是“Itisthought＋that...”句式的轉(zhuǎn)換，表示一般狀況或事實(shí)情況?！镜淅竣?2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷·閱讀理解C)ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.據(jù)估計(jì)，英國(guó)多代同堂的家庭總數(shù)約為180萬。 ②Greenissaidtobethemostrestfulcolour.Ithastheabilitytoreducepainandrelaxpeoplebothmentallyandphysically.據(jù)說綠色是最能令人放松的顏色。它可以減輕人的疼痛感，并使人身心放松?！咀⒁狻?/p>

Itis/wassaid/reported/believed/thought/considered/known...＋that-clause意為“據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道/據(jù)相信/據(jù)認(rèn)為/眾所周知……”，其中it是形式主語，后面的that從句是真正的主語。也可用besaid/supposed/believed/thought/known/reported＋todo(要做)/tobedoing(正在做)/tohavedone(做完了)來表達(dá)。如：ItisbelievedthatHenrystolethecar.→PeoplebelievethatHenrystolethecar.

→Henryisbelievedtohavestolenthecar.人們相信是亨利偷了那輛小汽車。

【即學(xué)即用】單句語法填空havestudiedtobecaused

(1)Robertissaidto_____________(study)abroad,butIdon'tknowwhichcountryhestudiedin. (2)Thefluisbelieved_______________(cause)byvirusesthatlik