第10講：閱讀理解題型設(shè)計(jì)解讀嚶蟹逢高考核心詞匯

內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航

目錄內(nèi)容

閱讀題干設(shè)計(jì)分析：高考閱讀理解9大題型分析

語(yǔ)法與詞匯

題型綜合練閱讀理解說(shuō)明文+六選四

完形填空+翻譯+概要寫作

高考核心詞匯積累JKL字母高考核心詞匯

要點(diǎn)梳理

仔”在

才目彳弋衰至

但1多1二是建

H）課堂精講

高考閱讀理解9大題型分析

1.例證題：

①例證題的標(biāo)記。當(dāng)題干中出現(xiàn)example,case,illustrate,illustration,exemplify時(shí)。

②舉例的目的是為了支持論點(diǎn)或是為了說(shuō)明主題句。

③例證題錯(cuò)誤答案設(shè)計(jì)的干擾特征經(jīng)常是：就事論事。

［舉例］ResearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhotakeVitaminCsupplementsofover5000milligramsadayaremore

likelytodevelopcancer.Thisshowshowmuchdamagethesehealthsupplementsdotopeople'shealth.A

spokesmanforthehealthsupplementindustryhasarguedthatotherresearchshowsthatVitaminCsupplements

helppreventheartdisease,butwecandismissthisevidenceasitisfromabiasedsource.

Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

A.Healthywayoflifegivingwaytooveruseofmedicine

B.Differentfindingsastotakingadditionalvitamin

C.EU'sresponsetooveruseofhealthproducts

D.Worryingincreaseinmultivitaminadvertising

【解析】本段通過(guò)舉例、正反對(duì)比等手法，論證了過(guò)量服用維生素C會(huì)造成反面效果，對(duì)健康造成巨大的

損傷。因此，正確答案為B.Differentfindingsastotakingadditionalvitamin（服用多余維生素會(huì)導(dǎo)致不同的

后果

2.指代題：

①返回原文，找出出題的指代詞。

②向上搜索，先從最近點(diǎn)開(kāi)始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不會(huì)離得太遠(yuǎn)。

③將找到的詞、詞組或句子的意思代入替換該指代詞，看其意思是否通順。

④將找到的詞、詞組或句子與四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較，找出最佳答案。

［舉例］Ifhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars,wewouldgoindarknesshappily,

themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal（夜間活動(dòng)的）speciesonthisplanet.

Instead,wearediumalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun'slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact,

eventhoughmostofusdon'tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit'stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe've

donetothenight:We'veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.

Whatdoes“it”(Paragraph1)mostprobablyreferto?

A.Thenight.B.ThemoonC.TheskyD.Theplanet

【解析】A指代判斷題。根據(jù)“eventhoughmostofusdon'tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit'sthe

onlywaytoexplainwhatwe'vedonetothenight:We'veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.“最后

一句話的句意是：事實(shí)上，雖然我們并不承認(rèn)自己是白晝動(dòng)物，但是很多時(shí)候我們總是用光來(lái)照明夜晚，

這是唯一的方法去解釋我們對(duì)于夜晚做了什么：我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了光，讓光充滿星空。故不能得出答案是night夜

晚。

3.詞匯題：

①返回原文，找出該詞匯出現(xiàn)的地方。

②尋找時(shí)要注意同位語(yǔ)、特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)、定語(yǔ)從句、前后綴，特別要注意尋找時(shí)的同性原則。

③隱蔽型詞匯題：題干與原文的某句完全重合，只有一兩個(gè)詞被替換掉。

［舉例］Ifyoucouldbeanybodyintheworld,whowoulditbe?Yourneighbourorasuperstar?Afewpeople

haveexperiencedwhatitmightbeliketostepintotheskinofanotherperson,thankstoanunusualvirtualreality

(虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí))device.RikkeWahl,anactress,modelandartist,wasoneoftheparticipantsinabodyswapping

experimentattheBeAnotherlab,aprojectdevelopedbyagroupofartistsbasedinBarcelona.Sheswappedwith

herpartner,anactor,usingamachinecalledTheMachinetoBeAnotherandtemporarilybecameaman."AsI

lookeddown,Isawmywholebodyasaman,dressedinmypartner'spants,"shesaid."That'sthepictureI

rememberbest."

Theword''swapping"(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto.

A.buildingB.exchangingC.controllingD.transplanting

【解析】B根據(jù)上文中stepintotheskinofanotherperson,以及機(jī)器的名字TheMachinetoBeAnother可知，

swap表示“交換，故選B。

［舉例］Enough"meaninglessdrivel”.That'sthemessagefromagroupofmembersoftheUKgovernmentwho

havebeenexamininghowsocialmediafirmslikeLinkedlngatherandusesocialmediadata.

TheHouseofCommonsScienceandTechnologyCommittee'sreport,releasedlastweek,hasblamedfirmsfor

makingpeoplesignuptolongincomprehensiblelegalcontractsandcallsforaninternationalstandardorkitemark

（認(rèn)證標(biāo)i己）toidentifysitesthathavecleartermsandconditions.

“Thetermandconditionsstatementthatweallcarelesslyagreetoismeaninglessdriveltoanyone,“says

AndrewMiller,thechairofthecommittee.Instead,hesays,firmsshouldprovideaplain-Englishversionoftheir

terms.Thesimplifiedversionwouldbecheckedbyathirdpartyandawardedakitemarkifitisanaccurate

reflectionoftheoriginal.

73.Whatdoesthephrase“meaninglessdrivel”inparagraphs1and3referto?

A.Legalcontractsthatsocialmediafirmsmakepeoplesignupto.

B.WarningsfromtheUKgovernmentagainstunsafewebsites.

C.Guidelinesonhowtousesocialmediawebsitesproperly.

D.Insignificantdatacollectedbysocialmediafirms.

【解析】A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句”..hasblamedfirmsfbrmakingpeoplesignuptolong

incomprehensiblelegalcontracts”可知很多社交媒體公司和用戶簽訂了沒(méi)有意義的法律合同。而這些合同

是沒(méi)有意義的廢話，也起不到任何作用，很多用戶根本沒(méi)有仔細(xì)閱讀合同的具體內(nèi)容。故A正確。

4.句子理解題：

①對(duì)原句進(jìn)行語(yǔ)法和詞義的精確分析（找主干），應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)抓原句的字面含義。若該句的字面含義不能確定，

則依據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行判斷。

②一般來(lái)說(shuō)，選項(xiàng)中的正確答案與原句意思完全相同，只不過(guò)用其他英語(yǔ)詞匯換種表達(dá)而已。

③句子理解題的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng)特征：推得過(guò)遠(yuǎn)。做題時(shí)應(yīng)把握住推的度。

［舉例］Chimpanzees,nrchimps,canalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtothe

other.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshand,too,thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertonce

sawalosingchimptakethewinner'shandandstartfightingagain.

Chimpsaresneakyinotherways,too.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove,suchasbananas,itisnatural

fbrthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhenthey

findfood.Thatway,otherchimpsdon'thearthem,andtheydon'tneedtosharetheirfood.

Aschildren,manyofuslearnthesaying“Youcan'tfoolMotherNature,1'Butmaybeyoucan'ttrusther,

either.

By"Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky*'(paragraph5),theauthormeans.

A.chimpsarereadytoattackothersB.chimpsaresometimesdishonest

C.chimpsarejealousofthewinnersD.chimpscanbeselfishtoo

【解析】B結(jié)合本段以及全文可知，Chimpanzees,orchimps也是不誠(chéng)實(shí)的動(dòng)物，故選B。

5.推理題：

①標(biāo)志：learn,infer,imply,inform

②一般要圍繞文中的一兩個(gè)重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行推理。推理題都要把它固化到文章的一兩點(diǎn)上。

③依據(jù)原文的意思進(jìn)行三錯(cuò)一對(duì)的判斷。推理題不是考察我們的想象力，它實(shí)際是考察我們?cè)闹械哪硯?/p>

個(gè)點(diǎn)所涉及的問(wèn)題我們讀透了沒(méi)有。

【舉例】Readingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebooksto

readandthenmeettodiscussthem.NowthewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofa

bookgroup.

Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesan

identificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwill

haveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.

Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.E-mailsarethensent

totheBookCrosserstokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.BrucePedersonsaystheidea

isforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.

WhatwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingit?

A.Meetotherreaderstodiscussit.

B.Keepitsafeinhisbookcase.

C.Passitontoanotherreader.

D.Mailitbacktoitsowner.

［解析］C推理判斷題需要通過(guò)文章中的相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行理解并做出合理的推理判斷方能選出正確答案。根

據(jù)最后一句中的”...theideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.“可

知，讓書蒙上塵土是一種很自私的行為，BookC網(wǎng)站的目的正是鼓勵(lì)人們與別人分享圖書，由

此推斷拿到書的人最可能繼續(xù)把書傳遞下去。

6.主旨題：

①主旨題的標(biāo)志：mainlyabout,mainlydiscuss,thebesttitle

②抓首段和其余各段的第一句話，把其意思連接成一個(gè)整體。

③主旨題錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的干擾特征經(jīng)常是：⑴局部信息，即選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容小于文章的內(nèi)容;⑵范圍過(guò)寬，即選項(xiàng)的

內(nèi)容大于文章的內(nèi)容。

【舉例】Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butit

alsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.Whydoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuch

alike?Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort-thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandour

world—issimplysomethingthatcomesfromourbabyhood.Perhapsevolution（進(jìn)化）providedhumanbabieswith

curiosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds，andadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethat

servedthemaschildren.Thesamecognitive（認(rèn)知的）systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguring

somethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultscientists.Assomepsychologistsputit,“Itisnotthatchildrenare

littlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren.^^

Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren'splay.

B.Studyingbabies'playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.

C.Childrenmayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.

D.One'sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.

【解析】B段落大意題。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要講“研究孩子的游戲可以讓人們更好地

理解科學(xué)”，故選B。

7.作者態(tài)度題：

①標(biāo)志：attitude

②應(yīng)精確理解四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義。

③不要摻雜自己的觀點(diǎn)。

④可以尋找文中一些具有感情色彩的詞。$0：fortunately,excessively,toomany.

【舉例】Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy（自主性）andthe

developmentofadultidentity.However,nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhich

manyoftoday'sstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.

Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasadecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededto

comefrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwith

anddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Some

parentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelter

ofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovide

thesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.

Whafstheauthor'sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?

A.Sympathetic.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.

【解析】B觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章第一段作者說(shuō)現(xiàn)在的大學(xué)生沒(méi)有承擔(dān)起成人的責(zé)任，第二段作者分析了原因，

指出由于父母的引導(dǎo)延伸到了大學(xué)導(dǎo)致學(xué)生自主能力的缺失。由此可見(jiàn)，作者對(duì)父母給大學(xué)生的持續(xù)引導(dǎo)

是不贊成的。故選B項(xiàng)。

8.判斷題：

①看可否通過(guò)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)具體化到文中一點(diǎn)或者根據(jù)自然段原則定位。

②每個(gè)選項(xiàng)都應(yīng)返回原文，不能憑主觀印象進(jìn)行判斷。

③要重點(diǎn)抓是“三錯(cuò)一對(duì)”還是“三對(duì)一錯(cuò)”的關(guān)系（做題是要看清題目）。

【舉仔!]]Usingsuchtechnologypromisestoalterpeople'sbehaviourafterwards-potentiallyforthebetter.Studies

haveshownthatvirtualrealitycanbeeffectiveinfightingracism-thebias（偏見(jiàn)）thathumanshaveagainstthose

whodon'tlookorsoundlikethem.ResearchersattheUniversityofBarcelonagavepeopleaquestionnairecalled

theImplicitAssociationTest,whichmeasuresthestrengthofpeople'sassociationsbetween,fbrinstance,black

peopleandadjectivessuchasgood,bad,athleticorawkward.Thentheyaskedthemtocontrolthebodyofadark

skinneddigitalcharacterusingvirtualrealityglasses,beforetakingthetestagain.Thistime,theparticipants1bias

scoreswerelower.Theideaisthatonceyou've"putyourselfinanother'sshoes"you'relesslikelytothinkillof

them,becauseyourbrainhasinternalisedthefeelingofbeingthatperson.

IntheImplicitAssociationTest,beforetheparticipantsusedvirtualrealityglassestocontroladark

skinneddigitalcharacter,.

A.theyfoughtstronglyagainstracism

B.theyscoredloweronthetestforracism

C.theychangedtheirbehaviourdramatically

D.theyweremorebiasedagainstthoseunlikethem

【解析】D根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第段中最后一句you'relesslikelytothinkillofthem（測(cè)試后人們對(duì)不同人的偏見(jiàn)

降低）可知，測(cè)試前他們對(duì)那些與他們不同的人有偏見(jiàn)，故選D。

9.細(xì)節(jié)題：

看完題目回到原文，重疊原文，得出答案

【舉例】Printingfoodcouldalsohelppeoplewhosufferfromdysphasia（aswallowingdisorder）.Theycould

programtheprintertoprintsofterversionsoftheirfavoritefoodssothattheywouldnothavetroublein

swallowingthem.

However,somepeoplethinkthatafutureof3Dfoodprintingwouldbeadisaster.Itcouldtakeawaymany

jobs,includingthosefromgrowing,transportingandpackagingfood.Imagineaworldwheretherewasnoneed

forfarmingorgrowingcropsandthesametastescouldbeprintedfromaraw“fbodink”.Likewise,traditional

cafesandrestaurantsmightlosebusiness.Also,thereareconcernsaboutthenutritionalvalueofprintedfood:isit

reallypossibletobegetthenutrientsweneedfromfood-basedinksandgels（凝膠）？

Whydosomethinkthat3Dfoodprintingwouldbeadisaster?

A.Traditionalfoodwoulddisappear.

B.Manypeoplecouldlosetheirjobs.

C.Itwouldaffectthepeople'shealth.

D.Wecouldalleatthesamefood.

［解析］B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)However,somepeoplethinkthatafutureof3Dfoodprintingwouldbeadisaster.It

couldtakeawaymanyjobs,includingthosefromgrowing,transportingandpackagingfood.得知一些人認(rèn)為3D

食物打印機(jī)的未來(lái)是一個(gè)災(zāi)難，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)搶人們的飯碗--比如食物的種植、運(yùn)輸、打包，故選Bo

麗

0^課堂精練

(A)(改編自上海高考卷)

ZoeChamberswasasuccessfulPR(PublicRelations)consultantandlifewasgoingwell—shehadagreat

job,abeautifulflatandabusysociallifeinLondon.ThenoneeveninginJunelastyear,shereceivedatext

messagetellinghershewasoutofwork.Thefirsttwoweekswerethemostdifficulttolivethrough."shesaid.

MAftereverythingPddoneforthecompany,theydismissedmebytext!IwassoangryandIjustdidn*tfeellike

lookingforanotherjob.Ihatedeverythingaboutthecityandmylife/*

Then,Zoereceivedaninvitationfromanoldschoolfriend,Kathy,tocomeandstay.Kathyandherhusband,

Huw,hadjustboughtafarminnorth-westWales.Zoejumpedatthechancetospendaweekendawayfrom

London,andnow,tenmonthslater,sheisstillonthefarm.

"ThemomentIarrivedatKathy'sfarm,IloveditandIknewIwantedtostay."saidZoe.uEverythingabout

mypastlifesuddenlyseemedmeaningless."

ZoehasbeenworkingonthefarmsinceOctoberoflastyearandsaysshehasnoregrets."It'sahardlife,

physicallyverytiring.'*shesays."InLondon1wasstressedandoftenmentallyexhausted.Butthisisagood,

healthytiredness.Here,all1needtoputmeinagoodmoodisahotbathandoneofKathy'swonderfuldinners."

Zoesaysshehasneverfeltboredonthefarm.Everydaybringsanewexperience.Kathyhasbeenleaching

herhowtorideahorseandshehaslearnttodriveatractor.SinceChristmas,shehasbeenhelpingwiththe

lambing—watchingalambbeingbornisunbelievable,shesays,"IfsoneofthemostmovingexperiencesI've

everhad.Icouldnevergobacktocitylifenow."

1.WhenworkingasaPRconsultantinLondon,Zoethoughtshelivedalife.

A.satisfyingB.toughC.meaninglessD.boring

2.ThemostimportantreasonwhyZoewenttovisitKathy'sfarmisthat.

A.ZoelostherjobasaPRconsultantB.Kathypersuadedhertodoso

C.ZoegottiredofthecitylifeD.ZoelovedWalesmorethanLondon

3.HowdocsZoefeelaboutthecountrylifeaccordingtothepassage?

A.Tiresomeandtroublesome.B.Romanticandpeaceful

C.MentallyexhaustingbuthealthyD.Physicallytiringbutrewarding.

4.Whichofthefollowingisclosesttothemainideaofthepassage?

A.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.B.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

C.Amisfortunemayturnoutablessing.D.Killtwobirdswithonestone.

解析：講述了ZoeChambers這個(gè)曾經(jīng)作為PRconsultant的成功人士生活得很好，有一份體面、重要

的工作，擁有一套漂亮的公寓，過(guò)著繁忙、緊張的倫敦社會(huì)生活，突然有一天被炒了就魚(yú)，從一度的苦悶、

彷徨到最后在朋友農(nóng)場(chǎng)里重新快樂(lè)生活的故事。

1.A.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。她過(guò)去?直以為自己作為咨詢師的時(shí)候，過(guò)得是?種“令人滿意的、令人羨慕的“生活,

而不是“費(fèi)力的、無(wú)意義的、無(wú)聊的“，所以選擇A項(xiàng)。

2.A.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。她去了朋友農(nóng)場(chǎng)的最重要原因就是因?yàn)樗怀戳琐◆~(yú)，失業(yè)了，才想到去農(nóng)場(chǎng)，故答

案是A項(xiàng)，其他三項(xiàng)不是她去農(nóng)場(chǎng)的最重要原因。

3.D.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。按照這篇文章的意思，她感覺(jué)農(nóng)村生活是什么樣的呢？A項(xiàng)是“勞累的、麻煩的"，B

項(xiàng)是“浪漫的、和平的“，C項(xiàng)是“精神上疲憊的而又是健康的“，這三項(xiàng)都不是她的感受，她后來(lái)的感受是

D項(xiàng)“體力上是勞累的但又是值得做的”，故D項(xiàng)就是答案。

4.C.主旨大意題。概括本文大意，可以得出答案：“有時(shí)候，一個(gè)不幸可能會(huì)帶來(lái)好運(yùn)和幸福”，即C項(xiàng)。

而A項(xiàng)是“患難之友才是真正之友”，B項(xiàng)是“有志者事竟成”,D項(xiàng)是“一石二鳥(niǎo)”，都不是本文所要闡發(fā)的道

理。

(B)

Anew“smartbin“couldmeantheendofenvironment-consciousfamiliesspendinghourssortingtins,

cartons,bottles,andcardboardforrecycling.

Theinvention,whichcanhelpsortrubbishintorecyclingcategorieswithoutneedingpeopletooperate.Itis

beingtrialedinPolandandissettogoonsaleinUKwithinafewyears.

Thebin,designedbystart-upcompanyBin.E,recognizesdifferenttypeofwasteviaasystempositioned

insidethebinwhichusessensors,imagerecognitionandartificialintelligence.Oncewasteisplacedinside,the

cameraandsensoridentifyitstypeandplaceitinoneofthesmallerbins.Thenitcompressesthewastesoit

occupieslessspace.

ItisthoughtthatthebincouldbestockedbydepartmentstoressuchasJohnLewis,whichsaiditis

introducingmorenewhi-techrecyclingbins.MattThomas,abuyeratJohnLewis,gaveusthereason,"We've

recentlyseenajumpinspecialistbinssales,witha25percentincreaseinthelastfewmonthsalone.Wehave

noticedourcustomersarebecomingmoreandmorefocusedonsustainability.Inresponsetothisdemand,weare

reallyexcitedtointroduceasmartbinthisautumn/winterseason-designedtomakerecyclingmoreefficientand

functionalfbrtheeverydayhome."

Bin.E*sofficialreleaseonthemarketwilltakeplacein2018.However,atfirstonlyalargerversiondesigned

fbrofficeswillbeavailable.Theofficebinwillsellat￡430whilecustomerswillneedtopaya￡107subscription

feeforanaccompanyingsmartphoneapp,whichhooksthemupwithcollectionservices.AspokesmanatBin.E

saidthathomeversionofthebinwillbecheaperandwillnotincludeamonthlypayment.

Theyadded:"Aftertheofficeversion,weplantocreateanoutdoorversionandlaterthehomeversion.We

decidedtogofortheoutdoorversionforpublicareasfirstbecauseitisrmoredifficulttoorganizeanefficient

wastesegregatingsystemthaninourhomes.^^

5.Whatdoweknowaboutaboutanew“smartbin“fromthefirstparagraph?

A.Itworksautomatically.B.Ithasbeenusedwidely.

C.Itiseasytooperate.D.Itisveryexpensive.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it”inParagraph2referto?

A.Thewaste.B.Thecamera.C.Thebin.D.Thesensor.

7.WhyisJohnLewisintroducingmorenewhi-techrecyclingbins?

A.Tochangepeople'sbehaviour.B.Tosatisfyincreasingdemands.

C.Topopularizenewtechnology.D.Tomakethemmorefamous.

8.Wherewillthefirstversionofnew"smartbin^^beusedaccordingtoBin.E'sofficial?

A.Athome.B.Inthesupermarket.C.Intheopenair.D.Intheoffice.

【答案】5.A6.C7.B8.D

【解析】本文介紹了一款可以智能分類垃圾的“智能垃圾箱”。并對(duì)它的設(shè)計(jì)，市場(chǎng)應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了介紹。

5.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第——段Anew“smartbin17couldmeantheendofenvironment-consciousfamiliesspending

6.

hourssortingtins,cartons,bottles,andcardboardforrecycling.一個(gè)新的“智能垃圾箱”花幾個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)整理罐頭、

紙盒、瓶子和紙板，以便于回收利用?？芍猻martbin是自動(dòng)的，智能的，故選A。

C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前邊Theinvention,whichcanhelpsortrubbishintorecyclingcategorieswithoutneeding

peopletooperate這項(xiàng)發(fā)明可以幫助垃圾分類，可知it指代thesmartbin,故選Co

7.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章MattThomas,abuyeratJohnLewis,gaveusthereason,"We'verecentlyseenajump

inspecialistbinssales,witha25percentincreaseinthelastfewmonthsalone.Wehavenoticedourcustomersare

becomingmoreandmorefocusedonsustainability.Inresponsetothisdemand,wearereallyexcitedtointroducea

smartbinthisautumnwinterseason-designedtomakerecyclingmoreefficientandfunctionalfortheeveryday

home."可知客戶越來(lái)越關(guān)注于可持續(xù)性，為了應(yīng)對(duì)這一需求，會(huì)推出一個(gè)智能垃圾桶，故選B。

8.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章However,atfirstonlyalargerversiondesignedforofficeswillbeavailable.最初只

有一個(gè)為辦公室設(shè)計(jì)的更大膽版本才可以使用?？芍畛跏窃谵k公室使用，故選D。

(C)(改編自上海高考卷)

(Youmayreadthequestionsfirst,)

SCREENGRABS

BBC1ITVI

PLANETEARTHAGATHACHRISTESPOIROT

9AM

FreshWaterprovidesanexpansivesubjectforthe

thirdprogrammeintheBBC'sfascinatingnew

naturalhistoryseries.Broadly,weinvestigatethe

world'slakesandriversandthecreatureswhich

inhabit

9PM

CardsontheTable.Tonight'smysteryconcernsthe

deathofoneofLondon'srichestandmostmysterious

men,MrShaitana(AlexanderSiddig),whohasa

them.Thuswevisitthedeepestlakeontheplanet,fascinationwithcrime.Shaitanahostsdinneranda

LakeBaikalinSiberia.Weobservelargecoloniesofgameofbridgeinhisapartment,butwhenthetime

Indiansmooth-coatedotters(above)lookingaround.comesforthefirstgueststotaketheirleave,they

Amagicalserieswhichgivesusarealsenseofdiscoverthattheirhosthasbeenstabbedthroughthe

contextinrelationtotheplanetweinhabit.heart.

BBC2

FAMILYGUYChannel4

11.45PMTHEGAMES:LIVE

RoadtoEurope.

Withoutproper

identification,BrainandStewiestowawayona

planetheythinkisleavingforEngland.They're9PM

wrong,andsoonthey'reinSaudiArabia(Brain:"Oh

ForthefirsttimeonTheGames,themenfightina

myGod,wearefinished.Wearelostinthedesert.^^)

KendoTournament,using1.2mshinai(Bamboo

atthebeginningofalongtriphome.

swords).Thewomencompeteinthecycling,racing

wheel-to-wheeloncompetitionbikeswithnobrakes.

PlusothernewsfromtheEnglishInstituteofSportin

Sheffield.

9.TheFreshWaterseriesat9PM.

A.exploresthelakes,riversandthecreaturesinthem

B.isdevotedtothefreshwatercreaturesintheworld

C.explainstherelationshipamonginhabitantsontheearth

D.focusesonthedeepestriverontheplanet

10Thephrase“stowaway“mostprobablymeans"

A.hidesecretlyB.talkexcitedlyC.operateeasilyD.guidesuccessfully

11.AmysterystoryadaptedfromAgathaChristie'snovelwillbeshownon.

A.BBC1B.BBC2C.ITV1D.Channel4

9.答案：A

解析：這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)對(duì)于FreshWater的介紹中“Broadly,weinvestigatetheworld'slakesandriversand

thecreatureswhichinhabitthem.”可知“我們?cè)诳疾焓澜缟系暮春秃恿饕约皸⒃诶锩娴纳铩薄?/p>

10.答案：A

解析：這是一道推理題。根據(jù)RoadtoEurope的介紹中“Withoutproperidentification”可知他們倆沒(méi)有合法身

份，所以應(yīng)該是偷乘飛機(jī)。

11.答案：C

解析：這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)對(duì)于“Cardsonthetable.”的描述可知是由AGATHACHRISTIE'SPOIROT的

小說(shuō)改編的，是在ITV1播出。

（D）（選自上海高考卷）

AteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNaturetocreatethefirstroboticfly.The

mechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaseriesofnewhigh-techintegratedsystems.Designedtodowhatafly

doesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperfonn

controlledflighttasks.

“It'sextremelyimportantfbrustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchof

individualcomponents（元件）,“saidRobertWood,theHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingon

theroboticflyprojectfbroveradecade.Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthe

components.t4Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareoffthe

shelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,“hesaid.

Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly."Theseeminglysimplesystemwhich

justmovesthewingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividually

hastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingifsconnectedto,"saidWood.Theflightdevice

wasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems.Woodsaysthesuccessoftheproject

provesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured.

Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipit

withabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers7

fieldsoronthebattlefield.''Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeo比landandflyaround,hesaid.

Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,

sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications."Youcanstartthinking

aboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficult

withtheanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead/9hesaid."Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninteresting

scientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonadaytodaybasis.”

392words）

12.Thedifficultytheteamofengineersmetwithwhilemakingtheroboticflywasthat.

A.theyhadnomodelintheirmindB.theydidnothavesufficienttime

C.theyhadnoready-madecomponentsD.theycouldnotassemblethecomponents

13.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3and4thattheroboticfly.

A.consistsofaflightd