專題一名詞考點(diǎn)廣東省卷近5年中考統(tǒng)計(jì)情況201720182019202020211.可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)√√√2.不可數(shù)名詞√√√3.名詞所有格4.名詞辨析√√√√專有名詞用來表示特定的人、事物、地點(diǎn)或機(jī)構(gòu)的名稱人名MrWang,Thomas國(guó)名、地名、河流、山川等China,Paris機(jī)構(gòu)、報(bào)刊等theUnitedNations,ChinaDaily星期、月份、節(jié)假日等Sunday,June,Christmas普通名詞表示一類人或事物所共有的名稱,或表示物質(zhì)名詞或抽象概念的名稱可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞,表示某類人或事物中的個(gè)體pen,worker集體名詞,表示若干個(gè)體組成的集合體family,class,team不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞,表示無法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)或?qū)嵨飛ater,time,air抽象名詞,表示品質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、感情等抽象的概念happiness,honesty注意:(1)專有名詞中實(shí)詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫,專有名詞前一般不加冠詞,但由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要加定冠詞“the”,“the”不大寫,例如:Beijing,thePeople'sRepublicofChina,theGreatWall(2)姓氏名如果采用復(fù)數(shù)形式,則表示該姓氏一家人(復(fù)數(shù)含義),如:theGreens(格林一家人)(3)節(jié)日中傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日前要加the,其余不加the,如:theSpringFestival,Mother'sDay名詞的數(shù)1.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則變化:變化規(guī)則一般情況加-s在清輔音后讀作/s/在元音及濁輔音后讀作/z/book—books;bag—bags以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾加-es-es一般讀作/iz/bus—buses;box—boxes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾將y變?yōu)閕再加-es-ies一般讀作/iz/study—studiescity—cities以元音字母加y結(jié)尾只加-s-s一般讀作/z/toy—toys;day—days以o結(jié)尾加-es(有生命的)-es一般讀作/z/hero—heroes;potato—potatoes加-s(無生命的)-s一般讀作/z/radio—radios;photo—photos以f或fe結(jié)尾將f或fe變v再加-es-ves一般讀作/vz/wife—wives;knife—knives加-s-s一般讀作/s/roof—roofs;proof—proofs(證據(jù))2.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的特殊變化單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞sheep,deer,fish等詞干發(fā)生變化的名詞詞中的元音字母發(fā)生變化man—men;woman—women;foot—feet;tooth—teeth;mouse—mice;goose—geese詞尾發(fā)生變化child—children;ox—oxen只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有些名詞表示一種物體具有不可分割的相同的兩部分,在使用時(shí)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:glasses,trousers,pants,shorts,scissors等表示國(guó)籍,即“某國(guó)人”單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese,Japanese,Swiss詞尾直接加-sGerman—Germans;American—Americans;Indian—Indians;Australian—Australians;Canadian—Canadians-man或-woman結(jié)尾的,改為-men或-womenEnglishman—Englishmen;Frenchman—Frenchmen;Englishwoman—Englishwomen;Frenchwoman—Frenchwomen名詞作定語時(shí)數(shù)的變化作定語的名詞一般只使用單數(shù)。變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),只需要變中心詞anappletree—twoappletreesagirlstudent—manygirlstudents修飾詞是man,woman,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),將man,woman與被修飾詞同時(shí)變成復(fù)數(shù)amanteacher—somementeachersawomandoctor—somewomendoctors作定語的名詞只使用復(fù)數(shù)形式asportscar;asportsshop;aclothesstore“數(shù)詞-名詞(-形容詞)”其中的名詞只用單數(shù)形式,作用相當(dāng)于形容詞aneight-year-oldboy一個(gè)8歲的男孩a100-metrerace一場(chǎng)100米賽跑集體名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式隨句子意義而定一些集體名詞既可表示單數(shù)意義,也可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,其用法特點(diǎn)為:若視為整體,表示單數(shù)意義;若考慮其個(gè)體成員,則表示復(fù)數(shù)意義family,class,team,group等*Thereisroomforafamilyoffive.有足夠的空間容納一個(gè)五口之家。*HisfamilyarewatchingTV.他的家人都在看電視。其他復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義times(時(shí)代);papers(報(bào)紙);looks(外表);sands(沙灘);manners(禮貌)有些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞表示單數(shù)意義如:news,grass,physics,politics(政治)等【考點(diǎn)·練】(C)1.—It'ssaidthatthetwo_______doctorshavejustcomebackfromWuhan.

—Yeah,Iknowthem.Theyarebothalreadyintheir_______.

A.woman;sixtyB.women;sixtiethC.women;sixtiesD.woman;sixties(B)2.Weshouldbrushour_______everyday.

A.tooth B.teeth C.hand D.foot(C)3.About200_______wenttoseetheAsianFashionShowlastnight.

A.German B.Australian C.Chinese D.American(C)4.Annietookalotof_______withhermobilephonewhenshevisitedtheGreatWalllastsummerholiday.

A.photo B.photoes C.photos D./【考點(diǎn)二】名詞的量1.可數(shù)名詞的量與不定冠詞a/an或基數(shù)詞直接連用abook;threestudents用“基數(shù)詞/不定冠詞+量詞+of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”來表示可數(shù)名詞的量apairoftrousers;twobasketsofapples用于修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞或短語肯定意義afew;many;alotof;lotsof;plentyof;some;several;a(great)numberof等否定意義few2.不可數(shù)名詞的量具體的量數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞threepiecesofmusic三首曲子;somepiecesofpaper幾張紙;apieceofbread一片面包;acupoftea一杯茶大概的量肯定意義alittle;much;toomuch;alargeamountof/agreatdealof;plentyof;alotof;lotsof等否定意義little注意:常見的既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的限定詞有:“數(shù)詞+量詞+of”結(jié)構(gòu);some;alotof(lotsof);plentyof等。例如:abasketofapples一籃蘋果;twoboxesofpears兩箱梨;asetofkeys一串鑰匙【考點(diǎn)·練】(C)1.—Whatdoyouthinkofyournewhousebuiltbythelocalgovernment?—Prettygood.Ihavea_______ofhappinessnow.

A.warning B.tradition C.feeling D.question(D)2.Howmuch_______doweneedtomakeabananamilkshake?

A.bananas B.apples C.coffee D.milk(C)3.Mikedoesn'thaveenoughmoney,sohecanonlyafford_______.

A.abread B.toomuchbread C.apieceofbread D.afewbread【考點(diǎn)三】名詞所有格名詞所有格是表示名詞之間的所屬關(guān)系。1.'s所有格:有生命的人或物的名詞以及表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家等的名詞,常用's表所屬關(guān)系。其構(gòu)成形式如下:單數(shù)名詞加'smydad'sdog;Tom'scar復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加'theteachers'office;herparents'bedroom不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加'sChildren'sDay;people'slife表示兩人共同擁有在最后一個(gè)名詞后加'sMaryandPeter'sdesk(兩人共用的桌子)表示兩人各自擁有在各個(gè)名詞后加'sMary'sandLucy'srooms(兩人各自的房間)表示某家店鋪等處所所有格后名詞可以省略myaunt's(house);intheshoe's(shop)注意:表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家城市的名詞,也可以用's所有格。如:today'snewspaper今天的報(bào)紙;theworld'sbiggestproblem世界最大的問題anhour'swalk/ride一小時(shí)的路程;eightdays'holiday=aneight-dayholiday八天的假期2.of所有格:無生命的名詞,常用of表所屬關(guān)系。其主要用法如下:主要用于無生命的名詞如:thegateoftheschool(學(xué)校的大門);awindowoftheroom房間的窗子名詞或名詞的定語較長(zhǎng)如:thehouseofDr.NormanBethune諾爾曼·白求恩大夫的房子thenameoftheboysittingnearthewindow坐在窗邊那個(gè)男孩兒的名字3.雙重所有格:就是指將's所有格與of所有格結(jié)合起來一起使用。其構(gòu)成形式如下:of+名詞所有格Lucyisafriendofmysister's.露西是我妹妹的一個(gè)朋友。somefriendsofmyfather's我父親的幾個(gè)朋友of+名詞性物主代詞Thisisapictureofmine.這是我的一張照片。4.有時(shí)兩種所有格均可使用,但所表達(dá)的意義不同。Thisisaphotoofmymother's.這是我母親收藏的一張照片。(照片上照的不一定是母親,但該照片為母親所收藏)Thisisaphotoofmymother.這是我母親照的一張照片。(照片上的人是我母親)He'safriendofmyfather's.他是我父親的一個(gè)朋友。(意指朋友不止一個(gè))He'safriendofmyfather.他是我父親的朋友。(強(qiáng)調(diào)兩人之間的友情)5.名詞所有格的特殊用法's所有格表示集體等名詞的所有格theParty'scall黨的號(hào)召表示時(shí)間等名詞的所有格tomorrow'smachine未來的機(jī)器;twodays'holiday兩天的假期表示距離等名詞的所有格tenminutes'walk步行十分鐘的路程表示世界等名詞的所有格theworld'speople世界人民表示國(guó)家、地區(qū)等名詞的所有格Beijing'sweather北京的天氣【考點(diǎn)·練】(B)1.Lookatthebigandcleanroom.It's_______.

A.Lucy'sandLily's B.LucyandLily's C.Lucy'sandLily D.LucyandLily(A)2.Nobodythoughtitiseasytofinishsomuchworkin_______.

A.twodays'time B.two-daystime C.twoday'stime D.twodaystime【考點(diǎn)四】名詞的詞義辨析1.近義詞辨析:某幾個(gè)名詞在意義上比較相近,但使用范圍有差別。英語中的近義詞比較多,考試中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的近義詞有以下幾組:家home,family,house工作job,work問題problem,question,trouble信息message,information衣服clothing,clothes,dress路street,road,way聲音sound,voice,noise旅行travel,trip,journey人person,people,human比賽competition,game,match2.一詞多義:有些名詞既可以作可數(shù)名詞,又可以作不可數(shù)名詞,但意義不同單詞詞義單詞詞義可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞chicken小雞雞肉experience經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗(yàn)fish魚;魚類魚肉orange橙子橙汁、橙色room房間空間time次;倍數(shù)時(shí)間glass玻璃杯玻璃life生命生活rain一場(chǎng)雨雨水work作品工作weight砝碼重量height高處高3.語境辨詞:運(yùn)用我們的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)、知識(shí)積累,根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)出空格處所要表達(dá)的意思,從而選出正確的詞語,如我們渴了就需要水(water)、飲料(tea,coffee,juice等);餓了就需要食物(bread,rice,meat,cake等);我們寄信需要去postoffice;取錢需要去bank等?！究键c(diǎn)·練】(C)1.—Tara,what'syourfavorite_______?

—Orange.Halfofmydressesareorange.A.fruitB.drinkC.colorD.food(D)2.—Tokeepourcitycleanandbeautiful,the_______arealwaysverybusyinthestreet.

—Theyshouldberespectedbyallthepeople.A.drivers B.postmen C.firemen D.cleaners(B)3.—What'sthis?—It'sapapercuttingofFu.It'sakindofart_______.

A.job B.workC.picture D.symbol(D)4.—Jim,Ihave_______infinishingsomuchwork.

—Don'tworry.Icanhelpyou.A.ability B.success C.experience D.difficulty(C)1.(2018·廣東中考)Thethree_______upstairsaretoosmalltohaveenough_______foradoublebed.

A.room;room B.room;rooms C.rooms;room D.rooms;rooms(A)2.(2017·廣東中考)Danielhastriedtolose_______byeatinglessrecently,buttwokiloshasbeenputoninstead.

A.weight B.weights C.height D.heights(C)3.(2020·揚(yáng)州中考)You'llhavetogetyourparents'_______ifyouwanttogoonthetrip.

A.achievement B.announcement C.agreement D.advertisement(C)4.(2020·淮安中考)Manyteenagerswanttobe_______likeZhongNanshanwhentheygrowup.

A.writers B.engineers C.doctors D.inventors(A)5.(2020·南京中考)Mariaisalwaysfullof_______becauseshetakesexerciseeveryday.

A.energy B.talent C.humour D.wealth(A)6.(2020·天津中考)—InChina,weuseredpaperforhongbaobecauseredmeansgoodluck.—That'sinteresting!IwanttoknowalltheChinese_______.

A.traditions B.sentences C.notices D.problems(B)7.(2021·江西中考)Yourleglooksreallybad!Ithinkyoushouldsendfora_______aboutthat.

A.pilot B.doctor C.singer D.postman(A)8.(2021·昆明中考)ZhangGuimeistartedthefirstfreeseniorhighschoolforgirlstohelpthemgetan_______inLijiang,Yunan.

A.education B.invitation C.information D.imagination(A)9.(2020·天水中考)—Everyoneshouldsticktohisdream.—Yes.Alifewithoutadreamislikeabirdwithout_______,whichcan'tfly.

A.wings B.water C.clouds D.food(C)10.(2020·武威中考)—Isthatyourfather?—No,heismy_______.Heismyfather'stwinbrother.

A.brother B.grandpa C.uncle D.cousin(D)11.(2020·黃岡中考)—WhydoChinesepeoplelikered?—Becausethecolorredisthe_______ofgoodluckinChina.

A.reason B.hope C.dream D.symbol(D)12.(2020·襄陽中考)—What'syourbrother's_______?

—It'sabout1.75meters.He'sthetallestinhisclass.A.age B.address C.weight D.height(B)13.(2020·懷化中考)Spendingtoomuch_______playingcomputergamesisbadforyour_______.

A.time;eye B.time;eyes C.times;eyes D.times;eye(B)14.(2020·江西中考)Whenyougorockclimbing,youneedtobecarefulsothatyoudon'thavea(n)_______.

A.chance B.accident C.secret D.action(D)15.(2020·云南中考)Hisfatherisagreat_______inLeishenshanHospitalinWuhan.Heissobusythathehasn'thadagoodrestforseveralmonths.

A.actor B.singer C.violinist D.doctor(D)16.(2021·云南中考)Hi,Momisamovingfilm.Ithasbeenonforseveralmonthsinthe_______.

A.museum B.bank C.library D.cinema(C)17.(2021·重慶中考)Therearemany_______teachersinthisprimaryschool.

A.woman B.woman's C.women D.women's(B)18.(2021·天津中考)Hisbeautifulmusichasbrought_______topeopleallovertheworld.

A.difficulty B.pleasure C.weather D.danger(A)19.(2021·溫州中考)Mike,a7-year-oldboy,hasagreattalentfor_______.Hecandrawnicepicturesthoughhehasneverlearnedit.

A.art B.sport C.music D.science(B)20.(2021·安徽中考)—Haveyoueverheard“Athousandmilejourneybeginswiththefirst_______”?

—Yes.It'safamousChinesesayingbyLaozi.A.class B.step C.break D.exam語法選擇Motheristhegreatestpersonintheworld.Agoodmotherwilldo1toprotectherchild.Hereisatestforonemother,FriedaLnych,andher2son,Myron.

TheLnychfamilywentforahikeintheforestandenjoyed3inthepark.Myron'sfather,Victor,andhisbrother4walkingabitaheadoftheboyandhismother,buttheybothranbackwhentheyheardabigscream.Alionhadjumpedontothe