職稱英語理工類C級模擬57

第1部分：詞匯選項

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語畫有底橫線，請為每處畫線部分確定一個意義最為

接近的選項。

1>Butintheendheapprovedofourproposal.

A.undoubtedlyB.certainlyC.ultimatelyD.neces

sarily

2、Foryoungchildren,gettingdressedisacomplicatedbusiness.

A.strangeB.complexC.personalD.funny

3、InBritainandmanyothercountriesappraisalisnowatoolofmanagement.

A.evaluationB.efficiencyC.productionD.publ

icity

4、Thesearetheirmotivesfordoingit.

A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans

5、Theriverwidensconsiderablyasitbeginstoturnwest.

A.twistsB.stretchesC.broadensD.bends

6、Henrycannotresistthelureofdrugs.

A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.consu

mption

7、Theseprogrammesareofimmensevaluetooldpeople.

A.naturalB.fatalC.,tinyD.enor

mous

8、Agreatdealhasbeendonetoremedythesituation.

A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protect

9、JohniscollaboratingwithMaryinwritinganarticle.

A.cooperatingB.competingC.combiningD.arguing

10>Heisdeterminedtoconsolidatehispower.

A.strengthenB.controlC.abandonD.exercise

11>Manyscientistshavebeenprobingpsychologicalproblems.

A.solvingB.exploringC.settlingD.hand

ling

12、Hearingproblemsmaybealleviatedbychangesindietandexercisehabits.

A.removedB.curedC.worsenedD.relieved

13>Thecarsaretestedfordefectsbeforeleavingthefactory.

A.functionsB.faultsC.motionsD.parts

14、Thefoodisinsufficientforthreepeople.

A.instantB.infiniteC.inexpensiveD.inad

equate

15、ThousandsofpeopleDerishedinthestorm.

A.diedB.sufferedC.floatedD.scattered

第2部分：閱讀判斷

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子作出判斷：如果該句提供

的是正確的信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤的信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信

息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

ElNino（厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象）

Whilesomeforecastingmethodshadlimitedsuccesspredictingthe1997

ElNinoafewmonthsinadvance,theColumbiaUniversityresearcherssaytheir

methodcanpredictlargeElNinoeventsuptotwoyearsinadvance.Thatwould

begoodnewsforgovernments,farmersandothersseekingtoplanforthedroughts

andheavyrainfallthatElNinocanproduceinvariouspartsoftheworld.

Usingacomputer,theresearchersmatchedsea-surfacetemperaturestolater

ElNinooccurrencesbetween1980and2000andwerethenabletoanticipate

ElNinoeventsdatingbackto1857,usingpriorsea-surfacetemperatures.

TheresultswerereportedinthelatestissueofthejournalNature.

TheresearcherssaytheirmethodisnotperfectzbutBryanC.Weare,a

meteorologistattheUniversityofCalifornia.Davis,whowasnotinvolved

inthework,saidit"suggestsElNinoisindeedpredictable".

"Thiswillprobablyconvinceotherstosearcharoundmoreforevenbetter

methods,”saidWeare.Headdedthatthenewmethod"makesitpossibletopredict

ElNinoatlongleadtimes'*.Othermodelsalsousesea-surfacetemperaturesz

buttheyhavenotlookedasfarbackbecausetheyneedotherdata,whichis

onlyavailableforrecentdecades,Wearesaid.

TheabilitytopredictthewarmingandcoolingofthePacificisofimmense

importance.The1997ElNino,forexample,causedanestimated$9.0billion

indamageworldwidezoffsetbybeneficialeffectsinotherareas,saidDavid

Anderson,oftheEuropeanCentreforMedium-RangeWeatherForecastsinReading

England.'*The1877ElNino,meanwhile,coincidedwithafailureoftheIndian

monsoonandafaminethatkilledperhaps40millioninIndiaandChina,prompting

thedevelopmentofseasonalforecasting,nAndersonsaid.

WhenElNinohitin1991and1997,200millionpeoplewereaffectedby

floodinginChinaalone,accordingtoa2002UnitedNationsreport.

WhilepredictingsmallerElNinoeventsremainstricky,theabilityto

predictlargeronesshouldbeincreasedtoatleastayearifthenewmethod

isconfirmed.

ElNinotendstodevelopbetweenAprilandJuneandreachesitspeakbetween

DecemberandFebruary.Thewarmingtendstolastbetween9and12monthsand

occurseverytwotosevenyears.

ThenewforecastingmethoddoesnotpredictanymajorElNinoeventsin

thenexttwoyearszalthoughaweakwarmingtowardtheendofthisyearis

possible.

16、ThemethodusedbytheColumbiaUniversityresearcherscanpredictEl

Ninoafewmonthsinadvance.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>TheColumbiaUniversityresearchersstudiedtherelationshipbetweenthe

pastElNinooccurrencesandsea-surfacetemperatures.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、TheColumbiaUniversityresearchersarethefirsttousesea-surface

temperaturestomatchthepastElNinooccurrences.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>Weare1scontributioninpredictingElNino,washighlypraisedbyother

meteorologists.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、AccordingtoaChinesereport,thefloodinginChinacausedbyElNino

in1991and1997affected200millionChinesepeople.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>IttakesabouteightmonthsforElNinotoreachitspeak.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、AspecialinstitutehasbeensetupinAmericatostudyElNino.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：（1）第23?26題要求從所給的6個選項中為指定段落每段

選擇1個最佳標題；（2）第27?30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選

項。

IcyMicrobes

1.InicethathassealedasaltyAntarcticlakeformorethan2z800yearsz

scientistshavefoundfrozenbacteriaandalgaethatreturnedtolifeafter

thawing.TheresearchmayhelpinthesearchforlifeonMars,whichisthought

tohavesubsurfacelakesofice.

2.AresearchteamledbyPeterDoranoftheUniversityofIllinoisat

Chicagodrilledthroughmorethan39feeticetocollectsamplesofbacteria

andalgae.WhenDoran1steambroughtthembackandwarmedthemupabit,they

sprangbacktolife.

3.Doransaidthemicrobeshavebeenage-datedat2,800yearsold,but

evenoldermicrobesmaylivedeeperintheicesheetsealingthelake,and

inthebrinywaterbelowtheice.Thatdeepericeandthewateritselfwill

becautiouslysampledinalaterexpeditionthatwilltesttechniquesthat

mayonedaybeusedonMars.

4?CalledLakeVida,the4.5-square-kilometerbodyisoneofaseriesof

lakeslocatedintheMcMurdoDryValleysofAntarctica,some2,200kilometers

duesouthofNewZealand.Thislakehasbeenknownsincethe1950szbutpeople

ignoreditbecausetheythoughtitwasjustabigblockofice.Whileatthe

siteforotherresearchinthe1990s,Doranandhiscolleaguessentradar

signalsintotheclearicecoveringthelakeandweresurprisedtofindthat

62feetbelowtherewasapoolofliquidwaterthatwasaboutseventimes

moresaltythanseawater.

5.Thatpromptedtheresearcherstoreturnin1996withequipmenttodrill

aholedowntowithinafewfeetofthewaterlayer.Atthebottomofthis

hole,researchersharvestedspecimensofalgaeandbacteria.

6.Thesearcherswillreturnin2004equippedwithinstrumentsthatare

sterilized.Theywillthendrillthroughthefull62feetoficeandsample

someofthebrinywaterfromthelakeforanalysis.Thewaterspecimenwill

beculturedtoseeifitcontainslife.Specimensfromthewaterareexpected

tobeevenolderthanthelifeformsextractedfromtheicecovering.

A.SignificanceofTestingTechniquesforSamplingMicrobesintheDeep

IceSheet

B.SpecialFeaturesofLakeVida

C.LaterExpeditiononMars

D.2004RevisitPlannedforCollectingLakeWaterSpecimens

E.AntarcticFrozenLifeSampledandRevived

F.AccidentalDiscoveryofIce-sealedLakeWaterinAntarctica

23、Paragraph2

24、Paragraph3

25>Paragraph4

26、Paragraph6

27、A.isfoundtobeagreatdealhigherthanthatofseawater

B.wasoflittlescientificvalue

C.maybeolderthanthatcollectedbelow39feetofice

D.mighthavecomefromMars

E.istocollectsomebrinylakewaterforanalysis

F.mayreturntolifesoonerthanmicrobesfrozeninthesurfaceice

ScientistsignoredLakeVidabecausetheythoughtthatalakeofice.

28、Scientistsexpectthatthelife,iffoundindeeperwaterbelowtheice

sheet,.

29、Whatthescientistswilldoin2004.

30、ThesaltconcentrationintheliquidwaterofLakeVida.

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

第一篇

LosingWeight

Girlsasyoungas10yearsoldaredietingandindangerofdeveloping

unhealthyattitudesaboutweightzbodyimageandfood,agroupofToronto

researchersreportedTuesday.

Theirstudyof2z279girlsaged10to14showedthatwhilethevastmajority

hadhealthyweights,nearlyathirdfelttheywereoverweightandweretrying

tolosepounds.Evenatthetenderageof10,nearly32percentofgirlsfelt

"toofat"and31percentsaidtheyweretryingtodiet.

McVey,aresearcherattheHospitalforSickChildreninToronto,andher

colleaguesanalyzedthedatacollectedinanumberofsurveysofsouthern

Ontarioschoolgirlsbetween1993and2003,reportingtheirfindingsin

Tuesday*sissueoftheCanadianMedicalAssociationJournal.

Nearly80percentofthegirlshadahealthybodyweightandonly7.2percent

wereconsideredoverweightusingstandardweight-to-heightratios.Most

researcherssuggesttherateofoverweightchildreninthiscountryisseveral

timeshigherthanthatfigure.

Nearly30percentofthegirlsreportedtheywerecurrentlytryingtolose

weight,thoughfewadmittedtodangerousbehaviorsuchasself-inducedvomiting.

Stillzatestthatmeasuredattitudestowardseatingshowed10.5percent

ofsurveyparticipantswerealreadyatriskofdevelopinganeatingdisorder.

"We*renottalkingaboutkidswho*vebeenprescribedadietbecausethey1re

aboveaverageweightoroverweight.We1retalkingaboutchildrenwhoarewithin

ahealthyweightrange.Andtheyhavetakenituponthemselvestodietto

loseweightz'*McVeysaid,acknowledgingshefoundtheratesdisturbing.She

saidstrikingabalancebetweenhealthyweightsandhealthyattitudestowards

foodandbodyimageisacomplextask,withnoeasysolutions.

31、Thestudyshowedthatmostofthegirls.

A.wereoverweight

B.wereonadiet

C.hadunhealthyattitudesaboutweight

D.hadahealthybodyweight

32、Whatpercentageofthegirlsconsideredthemselvesoverweight?

A.Nearly80percent.B.7.2percent.

C.Nearly30percent.D.10.5percent.

33、Thesurveyparticipantsweregirls.

A.whowere10B.whowere14

C.whowere10to14D.whowere10to18

34、Whatkindofinstitutiondoestheleadresearcherworkwith?

A.Aschool.B.Ahospital.

C.Anassociation.D.Acharity,

35、Unhealthyattitudesaboutweightzbodyimageandfoodmay.

A.leadtoaneatingdisorderB.resultfromself-induced

vomiting

C.makeiteasiertogainweightD.bringaboutgreatercompetition

卯一^桶

WillQualityEatUptheU.S.LeadinSoftware?

IfU.S.softwarecompaniesdon*tpaymoreattentiontoquality,theycould

kisstheirbusinessgoodbye.BothIndiaandBrazilaredevelopingaworld-class

softwareindustry.Theirweaponisqualityandoneoftheirjobsistoattract

thetopU.S.qualityspecialistswhosevoicesarenotlistenedtointheir

country.

Already,oftheworld1s12softwarehousesthathaveearnedthehighest

ratingintheworld,sevenareinIndia.That1slargelybecausetheyhave

usednewmethodologiesrejectedbyAmericansoftwarespecialists.Forexample,

fordecadeszqualityspecialists,W.EdwardsDemingandJ.M.Juranhadurged

U.S.softwarecompaniestochangetheirattitudestoquality.Buttheirquality

callmainlyfellondeafearsintheU.S.—butnotinJapan.Bythe1970s

and1980s,Japanwasgrabbingmarketsharewithbetter,cheaperproducts.

TheyusedDeming1sandJuran1sideastobringdownthecostofgoodquality

toaslittleas5%oftotalproductioncosts.InU.S.factories,thecost

ofqualitythenwas10timesashigh：50%Insoftwarezitstillis.

WattsS.Humphreyspent27yearsatIBMheadingupsoftwareproduction

andthenqualityassurance.Buthisadvicewasseldompaidattentionto.He

retiredfromIBMin1986.In1987,heworkedoutasystemforassessingand

improvingsoftwarequality.Ithasproveditsvaluetimeandagain.Forexample,

in1990thecostofqualityatRaytheonElectronicsSystemswasalmost60%

oftotalsoftwareproductioncosts.Itfellto15%in1996andhassincefurther

droppedtobelow10%.

LikeDemingandJuran,Humphreyseemstobewinningmorepraisesoverseas

thanathome.TheIndiangovernmentandseveralcompanieshavejustfounded

theWattsHumphreySoftwareQualityInstituteattheSoftwareTechnologyPark

1

inChennaizIndia.LetshopethatU.S.leadinsoftwarewillnotbeeaten

upbyitsqualityproblems.

36、Whichcountryhasmorehighest-ratingcompaniesintheworldthanany

othercountryhas?

A.India.B.TheU.S.

C.Brazil.D.Germany.

37、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHumphreyistrue?

A.HeisnowstillanIBMemployer.

B.HehasworkedforIBMfor37years.

C.Indiahonorshimhighly.

D.TheU.S.paysmuchattentiontohisqualityadvice.

38、BywhatmeansdidJapangrabitslargemarketsharebythe1970sandthe

1980s?

A.Itsadvertisingwasmostsuccessful.

B.Itsproductswerecheaperinpriceandbetterinquality.

C.TheU.S.hardwareindustrywaslaggingbehind.

D.JapanhiredalotofIndiansoftwarespecialists.

39、WhatdoesthefoundingoftheWattsHumphreySoftwareQualityInstitute

symbolize?

A.ItsymbolizestheU.S.determinationtomoveaheadwithitssoftware.

B.ItsymbolizestheJapaneseeffortstosolvethesoftwarequality

problem.

C.ItsymbolizestheIndianambitiontotaketheleadinsoftware.

D.ItsymbolizestheChinesepolicyonimportingsoftware.

40、Whatisthewriterworryingabout?

A.ManyU.S.softwarespecialistsareworkingforJapan.

B.Thequalityproblemhasbecomeaworldwideproblem.

C.IndiaandJapanarejoininghandstocompetewiththeU.S.

D.TheU.S.willnolongerbethefirstsoftwareplayerintheworld.

第三篇

YoungFemaleChimpsOutlearnTheirBrothers

Youngfemalechimpsarefasterandbetterlearnersthanyoungmalechimps,

suggestanewstudy,echoinglearningdifferencesseeninhumangirlsand

boys.

Whileyoungmalechimpspasstheirtimeplaying,youngfemalechimps

carefullystudytheirmothers.Asaresult,theylearnhowtofishfortasty

termitesnacksovertwoyearsbeforetheboys.

ElizabethLonsdorf,nowatLincolnParkZooinChicago,US,andcolleagues

attheUniversityofMinnesota,SaintPaul,spentfouryearswatchinghow

youngchimpanzeesintheGombeNationalParkinTanzanialearned"cultural

behavior".

Thesexdifferencesinlearningbehaviorwere"consistentandstrikingly

apparentn,saystheteam.Theresearcherspointoutthatsimilardifferences

areseeninhumanchildrenwithregardtoskillssuchaswriting."Asex-based

learningdifferencesmaythereforedatebackatleasttothelastcommonancestor

ofchimpanzeesandhumans,HtheywriteinthejournalNature.

Chimpsmakeflexibletoolsfromvegetationandtheninsertthemintotermite

moundsextractthemandthenmunchthetermitesclingingontothetool.The

researchersusedvideocamerastorecordthisfeedingbehaviorandfoundthat

eachchimpmotherhadherowntechnique.Suchashowsheusedtoolsofdifferent

lengths.

Analysisofthesixinfantswhoseageswereknownshowedthatgirlchimps

wereanaverageof31monthsoldwhentheysucceededinfishingouttheir

termites,wheretheboychimpswereaged58monthsonaverage.Femaleswere

alsomoreskillfulatgettingoutmoretermiteswitheverydipandusedtechniques

similartotheirmotherswhilemalesdidnot.

Insteadofstudyingtheirmothersztheboychimpsspentasignificantly

greateramountoftimefrolickingaroundthetermitemound.Behaviorssuch

asplayingorswingingmighthelpthemaleinfantslaterinlifewhentypically

maleactivitieslikehuntingorfightingfordominancebecomeimportant,suggest

theresearchers.

Lonsdorfaddsthattherearejusttwomainsourcesofanimalproteinfor

chimps—thetermitesorcolobusmonkeys."Maturemalesoftenhuntmonkeysup

trees.Butfemalesarealmostalwayseitherpregnantorburdenedwithaclinging

infants.Thismakeshuntingdifficultz"shesays."Adultfemalesspendmore

timefishingfortermitesthanmales.HSobecomingproficientattermitefishing

couldmeanadultfemaleseatbetter,"Theycanwatchtheiroffspringatthe

sametime.Theyoungofbothsexesseemtopursueactivitiesrelatedtotheir

adultsexrolesataveryyoungage.H

41、Whydoyoungfemalechimpslearnfasterthanyoungmalechimpsatfishing

fortermites?

A.Becauseyoungfemalechimpsdon11playwiththeirbrothers.

B.Becauseyoungfemalechimpsbegintostudytheirmothersearlier.

C.Becauseyoungmalechimpsneverlearntofishfortermites.

D.Becauseyoungmalechimpsarenotinterestedintermites.

42、Whatarethetoolswithwhichchimpsfishfortermites?

A.Treebranches.B.Vegetables.

C.Fruits.D.Grass.

43、Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutchimpsfishingfortermitesaccording

toParagraph6?

A.Malesoftencompetewithfemalesinfishingfortermites.

B.Malescouldgetoutmoretermiteswitheverydip.

C.Femalescouldgetoutmoretermiteswitheverydip.

D.Malesaregoodatmasteringtechniqueforfishingfortermites.

44、Howdidtheresearchersexplainthefactthatboychimpsspentmoretime

onplaying?

A.Theylikehunting.

B.Theyenjoyfighting.

C.Ithelpsthemtostayfit.

D.Itwillmakethemgoodfightersandhuntersinthefuture.

45、Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Adultchimpshuntmonkeyswhileyoungchimpsfishfortermites.

B.Themainsourceofanimalproteinformalechimpsiscolobusmonkeys.

C.Themainsourceofanimalproteinforfemalechimpsistermites.

D.Femalechimpsfishfortermiteswhilewatchingtheirchildren.

第5部分：補全短文

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分

別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。

WeightWorriesMayStartEarlyforSlimWomen

Thereisarangeofreasonswhythinwomenthinkthey1retooheavy,but

thedistortedbodyimagemayoftenhaveitsrootsinchildhood,manyresults

ofanewstudysuggests.

Researchersfoundthatamongmorethan2,400thinwomentheysurveyed,

nearly10percentthought