目錄

2011年湘潭大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩

士英語考研真題及詳解

2012年湘潭大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩

士英語考研真題及詳解

2013年湘潭大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩

士英語考研真題及詳解

2014年湘潭大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩

士英語考研真題及詳解

2015年湘潭大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩

士英語考研真題及詳解

2016年湘潭大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩

士英語考研真題及詳解

2017年湘潭大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩

士英語考研真題及詳解

2011年湘潭大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

I.VocabularyandGrammar(30’)

Section1MultipleChoice(20’)

Directions:BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,

B,CandD.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Markyour

answersonyouranswersheet.

1．Greywhaleshavelongbeen_____inthenorthAtlanticandhuntingwas

animportantcauseforthat.

A.extinct

B.extinguished

C.detained

D.deprived

【答案】A

【解析】句意：灰鯨在北太平洋已經(jīng)滅絕很久了，捕獵是滅絕的重要原

因。extinct滅絕的，滅種的。extinguished熄滅的。detained被扣留的。

deprived缺少食物的；缺少足夠教育的。

2．FromsciencetoShakespeare,excellenttelevisionandvideoprogramsare

available_____toteacher.

A.instock

B.instore

C.inoperation

D.inabundance

【答案】D

【解析】句意：從科學(xué)到莎士比亞，老師們有很多優(yōu)秀的電視和錄像節(jié)

目可用。inabundance大量的；豐富的；充足的。instock有存貨，現(xiàn)

有。instore貯藏著；準(zhǔn)備著；將要發(fā)生。inoperation生效；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)著。

3．Tolabeltheirproduceasorganic,farmershavetoobtainacertificate

showingthatno_____chemicalshavebeenusedtokillpestsonthefarmfor

twoyears.

A.toxic

B.tragic

C.nominal

D.notorious

【答案】A

【解析】句意：為了將他們的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)記為有機(jī)的，農(nóng)夫需要獲得一個(gè)證

書來證明兩年間農(nóng)場沒有使用有毒化學(xué)制劑來殺死害蟲。toxic有毒的。

tragic悲劇的。nominal名義上的。notorious聲名狼藉的；臭名昭著的。

4．Onlineschools,which_____theneedsofdifferentpeople,haveemerged

asanincreasinglypopulareducationalternative.

A.stirup

B.switchon

C.caterto

D.consentto

【答案】C

【解析】句意：滿足不同人需要的在線學(xué)校已經(jīng)作為一種愈發(fā)流行的教

育替代方式出現(xiàn)。caterto迎合；為……服務(wù)。stirup激起；煽動(dòng)；攪

拌。switchon接通，開啟。consentto同意；答應(yīng)；贊成。

5．BuckHelm,aretiredsalesman,survived_____alivefor90hoursinhis

car.

A.beingburied

B.havingburied

C.burying

D.tobeburied

【答案】A

【解析】句意：巴克·赫爾姆是一個(gè)退休的售貨員，他在自己的汽車中

被埋90小時(shí)后生還。survive作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)后接名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞短語

作賓語；并且bury和句子的主語間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)

式beingburied。

6．Indeed,almosteveryscientistnowfindsitimpossibletoreadallthe

worksrelevanttohisownsubject,_____extensivelyoutsideofit.

A.muchmoretoread

B.muchlessreading

C.muchlesstoread

D.stillmorereading

【答案】C

【解析】句意：確實(shí)，幾乎所有科學(xué)家都認(rèn)為讀完本科目內(nèi)的所有作品

是不可能的，更別提其他科目的了。muchless／stillless／evenless意

為“更不用說”，用在否定句之后，表示連前面所說的情況都沒有做到，

后面的情況就更不可能。muchless前后所對比的成分要對等，可以是不

定式、限定動(dòng)詞，也可以全是名詞或介詞短語，由于前面toread是不定

式，劃線處也需要填toread不定式。

7．Allthatdaymyfatherwasin_____ashehadlosthiswallet.

A.greatanxiety

B.ambition

C.illhumor

D.hospitality

【答案】C

【解析】句意：那一整天我父親都因?yàn)閬G了錢包而不悅。illhumor怒

氣，不悅。greatanxiety非常憂慮。ambition野心，雄心。hospitality好

客；殷勤。

8．Wepreferredtopostponethemeeting_____itwithoutthepresenceof

ourpresident.

A.ratherthanhold

B.thantohold

C.ratherthanheld

D.toholding

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我們更傾向推遲會(huì)議而不是在主席缺席時(shí)召開會(huì)議。

prefertodoratherthando更喜歡做某事而不是做另一件事。

9．Theinstitutionhasahighlyeffectiveprogramwhichhelpsfirst-year

studentsmakesuccessful_____intocollegelife.

A.transformation

B.transmission

C.transition

D.transaction

【答案】C

【解析】句意：機(jī)構(gòu)有一個(gè)高效的項(xiàng)目來幫助一年級的學(xué)生成功過渡到

大學(xué)生活。transition過渡；轉(zhuǎn)變。transformation轉(zhuǎn)化；轉(zhuǎn)換。

transmission傳動(dòng)裝置，變速器。transaction交易；事物。

10．Nooneneedstofeelawkwardin_____hisowncustoms.

A.pursuing

B.following

C.chasing

D.seeking

【答案】B

【解析】句意：每個(gè)人都不必因?yàn)殡S俗而感到尷尬。規(guī)定搭配follow

customs“隨俗”。

11．Whentheyhadfinishedplaying,thechildrenweremadeto_____allthe

toystheyhadtakenout.

A.putoff

B.putout

C.putup

D.putaway

【答案】D

【解析】句意：結(jié)束玩耍后，孩子們被要求把所有拿出來的玩具收好。

putaway放好；拋棄；儲(chǔ)存。putoff推遲；扔掉；阻止。putout熄滅；伸

出。putup提供；建造；舉起。

12．Mostpeoplewhotravelinthecourseoftheirworkaregiventraveling

_____.

A.income

B.allowances

C.wages

D.pay

【答案】B

【解析】句意：大部分人因工作出差時(shí)會(huì)收到出差補(bǔ)助。allowance津

貼，零用錢。income收入，收益。wage工資；代價(jià)。pay工資，薪水。

13．Lifeisacandle_____toburneverbrighter.

A.beingmeant

B.meaning

C.tomean

D.meant

【答案】D

【解析】句意：生命就要像蠟燭，要燃燒得閃亮。sth.ismeantfor…或

sth.ismeanttodo，表示某事、物是用來干什么的。此句中使用meant，

過去分詞短語作后置定語修飾acandle。

14．It’stime_____aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.

A.somethingwasdone

B.everythingisdone

C.anythingwillbedone

D.nothingtobedone

【答案】A

【解析】句意：是時(shí)候針對市中心的交通問題做點(diǎn)什么了。it’stime后

接過去式；B項(xiàng)everything范圍太廣，C項(xiàng)anything太決斷，D項(xiàng)nothing與

句意不符。

15．Weoftenadvisehimnottodrinkmorewine_____isgoodforhis

health.

A.as

B.than

C.that

D.but

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我們經(jīng)常勸他不要喝超過對健康有益的酒量。morethan

是比較結(jié)構(gòu)固定搭配，morewinethan(that)isgoodforhishealth中that指

代酒量被省略。

16．_____isthecenter"ofourplanetarysystemwasadifficultconceptto

graspintheMiddleAges.

A.Itisthesunandnottheearth

B.Beingthesunandnottheearth

C.Thesunandnottheearth

D.Thatthesunandnottheearth

【答案】D

【解析】句意：太陽而非地球是行星系中心的事在中世紀(jì)是很難被人理

解的概念。題干句子缺主語部分，只能用that-clause主語從句。

17．WhileinLondon,wepaidavisittothehospitalfounded_____the

nurseFlorenceNightingale.

A.inlinewith

B.infavorof

C.inhonorof

D.inplaceof

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在倫敦的時(shí)候，我們花錢參觀了向南丁格爾護(hù)士致敬而

建立的醫(yī)院。inhonorof向…致敬，向…表示敬意。inlinewith符合；

與…一致。infavorof有利于；支持；贊同。inplaceof代替。

18．Itisrather_____thatwestilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereare

intheworldtoday.

A.misleading

B.embarrassing

C.boring

D.demanding

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我們?nèi)圆恢朗澜缟嫌卸嗌傥锓N的事是非常尷尬的。

embarrassing使人尷尬的。misleading令人誤解的。boring無聊的；令人

厭煩的。demanding苛求的；要求高的。

19．Hisarmwas_____fromtheshark’smouthandreattached,buttheboy,

whonearlydied,remainedinadelicatecondition.

A.retrieved

B.retained

C.repelled

D.restored

【答案】A

【解析】句意：男孩的手臂被從鯊魚的嘴里拿回并重新接上，但死里逃

生的他仍舊非常虛弱。retrieve找回。retain保持。repel擊退；抵制。

restore恢復(fù)。

20．Thesightofasickhorsebeingdrivenalongthestreetsofthevillage

remained_____himforweeks.

A.of

B.on

C.to

D.with

【答案】B

【解析】句意：一只病馬被駕馭穿過村子街道的景象在他腦海里停留了

幾個(gè)星期。remainon繼續(xù)保持。remainof剩下；從……留下。remainto

留下來做。remainwith屬于。

Section2ErrorCorrection(10’)

Directions:Thissectionconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,thereare

altogetherI0mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangea

word,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthe

correctionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutand

writethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putan

insertionmark(A)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.

Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)intheblank.

【答案與解析】

1．found/\new→a

根據(jù)上文“Somecitieshavelosttheiroriginalpurpose…”可知這里one指代

可數(shù)名詞purpose，因此該詞前要有限定詞a。

2．filling→filled

非謂語動(dòng)詞fill與poorimmigrants之間是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此要使用過去

分詞來表示被動(dòng)意義。

3．though

justas表示“正像”，though多余。

4．this→what

根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出這里需要一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞，它能引導(dǎo)主語從句，在

從句中作主語，因此選擇what。

5．was→were

that引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞“descriptions…andtheenormouscontrasts”為復(fù)

數(shù)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式were。

6．dissimilar→similar

結(jié)合上下文，這里要表示的是十八世紀(jì)對于墨西哥城的描述和當(dāng)今很相

似，強(qiáng)調(diào)“共同，相似”之意。

7．lies→lie

behinditlietwomyths是個(gè)倒裝句，主語為twomyths，因此謂語動(dòng)詞要

使用復(fù)數(shù)。

8．that→which

that前面的逗號(hào)表明這里是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，因此不可用that，而

要用which。

9．it→them

被指代對象是復(fù)數(shù)名詞immigrants，所以要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的代詞them。

10．late→later

根據(jù)句意，later強(qiáng)調(diào)“幾代之后”。表達(dá)一段時(shí)間之后的固定搭配為：…

+later。

II.ReadingComprehension(40’)

Section1MultipleChoice(20’)

Directions:Inthissectiontherearereadingpassagesfollowedbymultiple-

choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyour

answersheet.

Passageone

Aresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?Orisintelligence

developedbyourenvironmentandourexperiences?Strangelyenough,the

answertoboththesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceis

giventousatbirth,andnoamountofspecialeducationcanmakeagenius

outofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholives

inaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholives

inrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofaperson’sintelligenceare

fixedatbirth,whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhis

environment.Thisview,nowisheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedina

numberofways.

Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceissomethingthatwearebornwith.The

closerthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelyto

beintelligence.Thusifwetaketwostrangersbychancefromthepopulation,

itseemsthattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.If,on

theotherhand,wecomparetwotwins,theywillverylikelybeasintelligent

aseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,

usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligence

dependsonbirth.

Imaginenowthatwetaketwotwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.

Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactory

separatelywheretheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesin

intelligencedeveloping,andthisshowsthatenvironmentaswellasbirth

playsanimportantrole.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthat

peoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatall

arelikelytohavesimilardegreeofintelligence.

1．Whichofthesesentencesbestdescribesthewriter’spointinPara.1?

A.Tosomeextent,intelligenceisgivenatbirth.

B.intelligenceisdevelopedbytheenvironment.

C.Somepeopleareborncleverandothersbornstupid.

D.Intelligenceisfixedatbirth,butisdevelopedbytheenvironment.

2．Itissuggestedinthispassagethat_____.

A.unrelatedpeoplearenotlikelytohavedifferentintelligence

B.closerelationsusuallyhavesimilarintelligence

C.thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweenpeople,themoredifferentthey

arelikelytobeinintelligence

D.peoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachotherarenotlikelytohave

similardegreesofintelligence

3．Brothersandsistersarelikelyto_____.

A.havesimilarintelligence

B.havedifferentintelligence

C.gotothesameuniversity

D.gotothesamefactory

4．InLine5,Para.1,theword“surroundings”means

A.intelligence

B.life

C.environments

D.housing

5．Thebesttitleforthisarticlewouldbe_____.

A.OnIntelligence

B.WhatIntelligenceMeans

C.WeAreBornwithIntelligence

D.EnvironmentPlaysaPartinDevelopingIntelligence

【答案與解析】

1．D第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Therefore,thelimitsofperson’sintelligenceare

fixedatbirth,whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhis

environment.”說明，一個(gè)人智商的限度在出生時(shí)就固定了，但環(huán)境決定

他能否達(dá)到這些限度，也就是說智商出生確定，但會(huì)隨著環(huán)境發(fā)展，故

D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2．B第二段第二句“Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,

theclosertheyarelikelytobeintelligence.”說明血緣關(guān)系越近，兩個(gè)人越

可能有相近的智商，也就是說關(guān)系近的人通常有相近的智商，故B項(xiàng)為

正確答案。

3．A第二段最后一句“Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsand

children,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhat

intelligencedependsonbirth.”說明諸如兄弟姐妹、父母子女關(guān)系的人會(huì)

有相近的智商故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4．C本文第一段說一個(gè)人智商的限度在出生時(shí)就確定了，但環(huán)境決定

他能否達(dá)到這些限度，因此可以推測在無聊的環(huán)境中成長的人比在富有

和多樣化的環(huán)境中成長的人智商發(fā)展差，此處的surroundings與前半句

中的environment對應(yīng)，故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5．A本文第一段說一個(gè)人智商的限度在出生時(shí)就確定了，但環(huán)境決定

他能否達(dá)到這些限度，又在第二、三段展開說明基因和環(huán)境對于智商的

影響，可以看出本文的核心內(nèi)容是關(guān)于智商，故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

Passagetwo

Foodcanbedividedintotwobasiccategories:realfoodandpleasurefood.

Realfoodisfuelforthebody’sneeds,whilepleasurefoodwhichishighin

fatandsugar,isprimarilyfortastesatisfaction.Thecategoriesarepretty

obvious.Broccoliisrealfood.Cookiesareinthepleasuregroup.

Whenyouarehungry,youarefacedwithchoices.Ifyouaren’tsuffering

fromexcessivehunger,youcanberationalaboutthem.Gototherefrigerator.

Whatlooksgood?Ifyouhavechosenarealfood,say,aturkeysandwich,

youcanbecertainyourbodycanuseitforfuel.Eatitandenjoy.

Twohourslateryouarehungryagain.Backtotherefrigerator.Whatlooks

good?Icecream.Stop!Employyourwillpowerjustalittle.Icecreamisnot

whatyourbodyneeds.Doessomethingelselookgood?Yes,apieceoftoast

withpeanutbutterandaglassofmilksoundgoodtoo.Okay,goahead,

rememberingthathigh-fatrealfoodsshouldbeeateninmoderation.

Onetrickistoeliminatepleasurefoodsfromyourkitchen.Instead,keepa

varietyofhigh-qualityfoodsavailableatalltimes.Inshort,buylotsof

deliciousrealfood,foodyoureallylike,andgetridofthejunk.

Butwhatifyouhaveicecreamonhandandnothingsoundsgood?Although

youdon’twanttoeatpleasurefoodswhenevertheurgestrikes,thereisa

legitimateplacefortheminyourdiet.Ifyouhaveanalyzedyourfeelingsand

therearenootherneedsimitatinghunger,eattheicecream.Youhavenot

failed.Onthecontrary,youhaveacceptedyournaturalappetite,butnot

blindly.

Surprisingly,whenyouknowyoucaneatanythingyouwant,andthatyou

neverhavetoputupwithunsatisfiedhungeragain,ittakesalotofpressure

off.Youwillbegintowanttoeatwhatyourbodyneeds,andyourbodywill

begintoneedfoodsthatwillleadtoslimness.

6．WhichofthefollowingstatementsNOTtrue?

A.Theauthorisagainstgettingridofpleasurefoodaltogether.

B.Onecaneatthe-high-fatrealfoodsheartilysinceitisfuelforthebody.

C.Makesuretokeeppleasurefoodsuchasicecreaminyourdiet.

D.Ofcourseyoucansometimeshaveicecreamifyoureallywantto.

7．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.RealFoodAndPleasureFood

B.ReducingWeight

C.LimitYourConsumptionOfPleasureFood

D.HowToChooseFoodWhenYouAreHungry

8．Whatcanyouassumefromthelastparagraph?

A.Beingabletoeatanythingdoesn’tnecessarilyimplypleasure.

B.Realfoodsmayleadtoslimness.

C.Eatonlywhatyourbodyneeds.

D.Besuretosatisfyyourhungerwheneveritstrikesyou.

9．Whatcanbroccolibeexcept_____.

A.icecream

B.cauliflower

C.aturkeysandwich

D.apieceoftoast

10．Judgingfromthefourthparagraph(Line3),whatdoes"junk"mean?

A.Foodlikeicecream.

B.Foodyoudonotlike.

C.Pleasurefoods.

D.Low-qualityfoods.

【答案與解析】

6．B第三段最后一句“rememberingthathigh-fatrealfoodsshouldbe

eateninmoderation.”說明高熱量食物即使是realfood，也應(yīng)該吃適量，

而非盲目地進(jìn)食高熱量食物，B項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容不符，故B項(xiàng)為正確答

案。

7．C作者將食物分為realfood和pleasurefood，在第四段首句提出“One

trickistoeliminatepleasurefoodsfromyourkitchen.”，并相應(yīng)地減少

pleasurefood的攝入，所以本篇文章的寫作意圖是號(hào)召人們限制對

pleasurefood的攝取，故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

8．A最后一段第一句“Surprisingly,whenyouknowyoucaneatanything

youwant,andthatyouneverhavetoputupwithunsatisfiedhungeragain,it

takesalotofpressureoff.”提到如果你知道你能吃任何食物，并且永遠(yuǎn)也

不必?cái)[脫滿足不了的饑餓感，這就喪失很多樂趣了，即能吃所有食物不

一定能帶來愉悅，故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

9．Acauliflower意為“花椰菜”，與broccoli為近義詞，屬于realfood；第

二、三段提到aturkeysandwich和apieceoftoast均是realfood，而ice

cream是pleasurefood，不與broccoli同類，故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

10．D第四段前兩句話“Onetrickistoeliminatepleasurefoodsfromyour

kitchen.Instead,keepavarietyofhigh-qualityfoodsavailableatall

times.”提到要消除廚房中的pleasurefood，反之，儲(chǔ)存多種高質(zhì)量的食

物，可以推斷出junkfood與high-qualityfood相對，故D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

Section2AnsweringQuestions(20’)

Directions:Readthefollowingpassagesandthenanswerthequestionswhich

followeachpassage.Useonlyinformationfromthepassageyouhavejust

readandwriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceonyouranswersheet.

Questions1~3

Takethecaseofpubliceducationalone.Theprincipaldifficultyfacedbythe

schoolshasbeenthetremendousincreaseinthenumberofpupils.Thishas

beencausedbytheadvanceofthelegalageforgoingintoindustryandthe

impossibilityoffindingajobevenwhenthelegalagehasbeenreached.In

viewofthetechnologicalimprovementsinthelastfewyears,businesswill

requireinthefutureproportionatelyfewerworkersthaneverbefore.The

resultwillbestillfurtherraisingofhelegalageforgoingintoemployment,

andstillfurtherdifficultyinfindingemploymentwhenhatagehasbeen

attained.Ifwecannotputourchildrentowork,wemustputtheminschool.

Wemayalsobequiteconfidentthatthepresenttrendtowardashorterday

andashorterweekwillbemaintained.Wehavedevelopedandshallcontinue

tohaveanewleisureclass.Alreadythepublicagenciesforadulteducation

areswampedbythetidethathassweptoverthemsincedepressionbegan.

Theywillbelittlebetteroffwhenitisover.Theirsupportmustcomefrom

thetaxpayer.

Itissurelytoomuchtohopethattheseincreasesinthecostofpublic

educationcanbebornebythelocalcommunities.Theycannotcareforthe

presentrestrictedandinadequatesystem.Thelocalcommunitieshavefailed

intheireffortstocopewithunemployment.Theycannotexpecttocopewith

publiceducationonthescaleonwhichwemustattemptit.Theanswertothe

problemofunemploymenthasbeenFederalrelief.Theanswertothe

problemofpubliceducationmayhavetobemuchthesame,andproperlyso.

Ifthereisonethinginwhichthecitizensofallpartsofthecountryhavean

interest,itisinthedecenteducationofthecitizensofallpartsofthecountry.

Ourincometaxnowgoesinparttokeepourneighborsalive.Itmayhaveto

goinpartaswelltomakeourneighborsintelligent.Wearenowattempting

topreservethepresentgenerationthroughFederalreliefofthedestitute.Only

apeopledeterminedtoruinthenextgenerationwillrefusesuchFederal

fundsaspubliceducationmayrequire.

1．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2．Whatarethereasonsfortheincreaseinthenumberofstudents?

3．Accordingtotheauthor,whatistheanswertotheproblemofpublic

education?

【答案與解析】

1．Howtocopewiththeshortageoffundsforpubliceducation.

（原文的核心短語publiceducation在第一句就出現(xiàn)了。文章第一段闡述

了越來越多的人入學(xué)的原因，第二段講成人教育機(jī)構(gòu)的（經(jīng)濟(jì)）壓力，

第三段講公共教育成本提高無法由地方社區(qū)解決，并提議由聯(lián)邦政府出

面。綜合每段的內(nèi)容可知，全文的主旨是探討如何解決公共教育的資金

短缺問題。）

2．Raisingofthelegalageforgoingtowork.

（原文第一段第三句“Thishasbeencausedbytheadvanceofthelegalage

forgoingintoindustryandtheimpossibilityoffindingajobevenwhenthe

legalagehasbeenreached”說明學(xué)生人數(shù)升高是由法定工作年齡提高所造

成的，法定年齡即使到了也可能找不到工作。）

3．TheFederalGovernmentshouldallocateFederalfundsforpublic

education.

（從第三段第五、六句“Theanswertotheproblemofunemploymenthas

beenFederalrelief.Theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationmayhave

tobemuchthesame,andproperlyso.”可以看出，作者認(rèn)為失業(yè)問題的解

決靠政府救濟(jì)，公共教育困難的解決也需靠政府投入，所以問題的解決

辦法是由聯(lián)邦政府分配資金給公共教育。）

Questions4~5

Reebokexecutivesdonotliketoheartheirstylishathleticshoescalled

“footwearforyuppies”.TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiverse

marketsegments,especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballand

children’sshoesfortheunder-18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomers

notinterestedinaerobicsorrunning.Theexecutivesalsopointoutthat

throughrecentacquisitionstheyhaveaddedhikingboots,dressandcasual

shoes,andhigh-performanceathleticfootweartotheirproductlines,allof

whichshouldattractnewandvariedgroupsofcustomers.

Still,despiteitsemphasisonnewmarkets,Reebokplansfewchangesinthe

upmarketretailingnetworkthathelpedpushsalesto$1billionannually,

aheadofallothersportsshoemarketers.Reebokshoes,whicharepriced

from$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sporting

goods,anddepartmentstores,inaccordancewiththecompany’sviewthat

consumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution.

Inthepastfewyears,theMassachusetts-basedcompanyhasimposedlimits

onthenumberofitsdistributors(andthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores),

partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReebok’s

exceededsupply,andthecompanycouldbarelykeepupwithordersfromthe

dealersitalreadyhad.Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrol

now,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.Atpresent,

ReebokshoesareavailableinaboutfivethousandretailstoresintheUnited

States.

Reebokhasalreadyanticipatedthatwalkingshoeswillbethenextfitness-

relatedcraze,replacingaerobicsshoesthesamewayitsbrightlycolored,soft

leatherexercisefootwearreplacedconventionalrunningshoes.Through

productdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch,Reebokhopestoavoid

thedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago,whenNike

misjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasforcedtounload

hugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.

4．WhatdoesReebok’sviewimplythat“consumersjudgethequalityofthe

brandbythequalityofitsdistribution”(Line5,Para.2)?

5．WhatlessonhasReeboklearnedfromNike’sdistributionproblems?

【答案與解析】

4．Consumersbelievethatfirst-rateproductsareonlysoldbyhigh-quality

stores.

（文章第二段第二句“Reebokshoes,whicharepricedfrom$27to$85,will

continuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartment

stores,inaccordancewiththecompany’sviewthatconsumersjudgethe

qualityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution”提到銳步鞋的售價(jià)從27

到85美元，將繼續(xù)只在高檔專賣店、體育用品商店和百貨公司出售，因

為公司認(rèn)為消費(fèi)者根據(jù)分銷商的檔次來判斷品牌的質(zhì)量，即一流商品只

在高檔商店出售。）

5．Acompanyshouldcorrectlyevaluatetheimpactofanewcrazeonthe

market.

（原文最后一句“…whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoe

crazeandwasforcedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthrough

discountstores.”提到耐克幾年前錯(cuò)誤地估計(jì)了有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋狂潮的力量，

被迫從折扣商店卸掉很大庫存量的跑鞋，因此銳步從中學(xué)習(xí)到的是應(yīng)該

正確評估市場中狂潮的影響。）

III.Writing(30’)

Somepeoplethinkthattheycanlearnbetterbythemselvesthanwitha

teacher.Othersthinkthatitisalwaysbettertohaveateacher.Whichdoyou

prefer?Usespecificreasonstodevelopyouressay.Writeacompositionof

about400wordsonyourviewofthetopic.

【參考范文】

Admittedly,acleardivisionisusuallymadebetweenstudyingwithateacher

andstudyingbythemselves.Althoughstudyingbystudentsthemselveshas

manyadvantages,suchasnolimitintimeandlocation,Ibelievethatstudents

canlearnbetterwithateacher.

First,studentscanhavesystematicknowledgewhenstudyingwithateacher.

Becauseofteachingexperience,teachersknowhowtoteachcertainsortsof

knowledge.Theyknowthatwhatknowledgeneedstobelearnedfirstand

whichsubjectcanbelearnedsubsequently.Therefore,studentscanhavea

completesystemofknowledgeiftheyfollowtheteachers’instructions.

However,ifstudentsstudybythemselves,theymaynotpossessthe

experiencewhichteachershave.Asaresult,theydonotknowhowtohavea

completeknowledgesystem.Evenifstudentshavesomeknowledgeabout

howtostudy,theirexperiencemaybenotcorrect.Basedonarguments

above,Ibelievethatstudentscanlearnknowledgemorecompletelyand

systematicallywithateacherthanbythemselves.

Second,studentscansolveproblemstheycomeacrosswhenstudyingwitha

teacher.Teachershavefacedahugeamountofproblemsthatkindsof

studentsfaced,sotheyknowthecorrectwaytosolvetheproblemsof

studentsnomatterinstudyorinlife.Ifstudentsstudywithateacher,they

canaskquestionsandseekforhelpfromteacher.However,ifstudentsstudy

onlybythemselves,theymaynotsolveproblemsduetolackofexperience.

Thus,Ibelievethatteacherscanhelpstudentssolveproblemsthatcannotbe

dealtwithbystudentsthemselves.

Third,teacherscanpresentkindsofmethodsforeffectiveteaching.For

example,teachersknowwhentheyhavetochangecommunicating

techniquestomakesurethatstudentscangrasptheidea.Andalso,teachers

canusediagram,tableandimagetoillustratetheirpoint.Onthecontrast,if

studentsstudybythemselves,theymayonlyhavebooksanddonotknow

othermeanstolearnknowledgewhentheyhavedifficultiesinstudy.

Therefore,studentscanstudyknowledgeeffectivelywithateacherinsteadof

stuntbydifficultieswhentheystudybythemselves.

Inconclusion,althoughstudyingbystudentsthemselvesdoeshavesome

advantages,suchasnostudyinglimitationintimeandlocation,studyingwith

thehelpofteacherisamoredesirablewaybecauseofbetterconsequence,

usefuladviceandvariousmethods.Consequently,Ithinkthatstudentscan

learnbetterwithteacherthanbythemselves.

【解析】

題目要求針對“自學(xué)好還是跟老師學(xué)好”的話題寫一篇400字左右的作

文。范文作者開門見山地提出個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)：跟老師學(xué)比自學(xué)好。第二至第

四段，作者從知識(shí)系統(tǒng)、問題解決及教學(xué)方法多樣的角度闡述了跟老師

學(xué)比自學(xué)好的理由。最后一段，作者總結(jié)上文，再此強(qiáng)調(diào)跟老師學(xué)比自

學(xué)好的觀點(diǎn)。

2012年湘潭大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

I.VocabularyandGrammar(30’)

Section1MultipleChoice(20’)

Directions:BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,

B,C,andD.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Markyour

answersonyouranswersheet.

1．Thetheorywasattackedtenyearsagowhenitwasfirstproposed,but

graduallyitwasaccepted_____.

A.promoted

B.enhanced

C.advanced

D.conceived

【答案】C

【解析】句意：該理論十年前初次被提出時(shí)受到抨擊，但漸漸地被人們

接受了。advance意為“推進(jìn)；提出”，advanceatheory“提出一種理論”。

promote提升；增進(jìn)。enhance提高，增強(qiáng)。conceive構(gòu)想；懷胎。

2．PreparationsarenowbeingmadeforthePresident’sofficial_____visit

tothreeforeigncountries.

A.elaborate

B.graceful

C.royal

D.tedious

【答案】A

【解析】句意：正在為總統(tǒng)對于三個(gè)外國官方的、計(jì)劃詳密的訪問進(jìn)行

準(zhǔn)備。elaborate精心制作的；詳盡的。graceful優(yōu)雅的；優(yōu)美的。royal皇

家的；盛大的。tedious沉悶的；冗長乏味的。

3．Thebusissocrowdedthatthereissufficientroomforyou_____.

A.rarely

B.seldom

C.scarcely

D.some

【答案】C

【解析】句意：公交車太擁擠了，幾乎沒有足夠的地方給你。scarcely

幾乎不，簡直不。rarely及seldom均為頻率副詞，不能用于本句。

4．Poorhealthandlackofmoneymaybothbetoeducationalprogress

_____.

A.restraints

B.stains

C.scarcities

D.barriers

【答案】D

【解析】句意：健康差和資金短缺都是教育發(fā)展中的障礙。barrier障

礙；柵欄。restraint抑制；克制。stain污點(diǎn)；瑕疵。scarcity不足；缺

乏。

5．AsfortheFlatEarththeory,IbelieveIcan_____itwithmyown

experiencesofnavigation.

A.deny

B.reject

C.object

D.refute

【答案】D

【解析】句意：至于地平說，我可以用我自己航海的經(jīng)驗(yàn)反駁它。

refute反駁，駁斥。deny否定；否認(rèn)。reject拒絕；排斥。object提出……

作為反對的理由。

6．Inthepastdecades,thefarmsoftheworldhavesucceeded_____in

producingenoughfoodtofeedalloftheplanet’speople.

A.relevantly

B.externally

C.utterly

D.virtually

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在過去的幾十年中，世界上的農(nóng)場已經(jīng)幾乎成功地生產(chǎn)

了足夠喂養(yǎng)所有人的食物。virtually事實(shí)上，幾乎。relevantly貼切地，

得要領(lǐng)地。externally外部地；外表上。utterly完全地；絕對地。

7．Thepoorgirlcouldn’t_____fromhertearsanymorewhenhermother

showedup.

A.withdraw

B.hold

C.withhold

D.refrain

【答案】D

【解析】句意：當(dāng)媽媽出現(xiàn)時(shí)，小女孩再也抑制不住淚水。refrainfrom

克制；抑制；忍住。withdrawfrom退出；離開。holdfrom使……不。

withholdfrom忍住不做；隱瞞。

8．Wewouldcontactyournearestrelative_____anyaccidentoccurring.

A.intheeventof

B.inthecourseof

C.intheplaceof

D.inthelightof

【答案】A

【解析】句意：一旦發(fā)生任何事故，我們會(huì)聯(lián)系你最親近的親屬。in

theeventof如果……發(fā)生。inthecourseof在…過程中；在…期間。inthe

placeof在……的地方。inthelightof根據(jù)，按照；當(dāng)作。

9．Thedoctorsdrewtheconclusionthattheyoungman’sblindnesswas

_____.

A.consistent

B.partial

C.internal

D.temporary

【答案】D

【解析】句意：醫(yī)生得出結(jié)論，年輕男子的失明是暫時(shí)的。temporary暫

時(shí)的；臨時(shí)的。consistent始終如一的，一致的。partial局部的；偏愛

的。internal內(nèi)部的；里面的。

10．Eversincetheriseofindustrialism,educationhasbeen_____towards

producingworkers.

A.harnessed

B.hatched

C.motivated

D.geared

【答案】D

【解析】句意：自從工業(yè)化興起，教育就向培養(yǎng)工人方向發(fā)展了。gear

toward專門朝向某事成長。harness治理；套。hatch孵化。motivate刺

激；使有動(dòng)機(jī)。

11．Shemetwithnochallengebecauseherarguments_____soundfacts.

A.putforward

B.restedon

C.madefor

D.conjuredup

【答案】B

【解析】句意：她沒有受到挑戰(zhàn)因?yàn)樗恼撟C是基于可靠的事實(shí)。rest

on停留在；依靠。putforward提出；拿出。makefor導(dǎo)致；有助于；走

向。conjureup想起，使在