【人教版2019】選擇性必修第一冊(cè)Unit3FascinatingPark重點(diǎn)單詞短語+讀后續(xù)寫訓(xùn)練（3）【問題查找】知識(shí)點(diǎn)1單元詞匯短語I.根據(jù)給出的意思填空，完成句子。1.Ileavemytentandwalkovertothemountain______________(邊緣).2.Nooneelsecanlivehere,andallnewdevelopmentis______________(禁止)withinparkboundaries.3.IamnotaSami,butinSarekI’ve______________(接納)someoftheirhabits.4.Imustaskyouto______________(陪伴)metothepolicestation.5.TheNortheastTigerandLeopardNationalparkwassetupinJilinandHeilongjiang,withboundary______________(延伸)allthewaytotheborderandjoiningwithRussia’swildlifereserves.Keys:1.edge2.banned3.adopted4.acpany5.stretchingII.完成下列句子的翻譯。(1)Sincereindeerwerealwaysonthemove,theSamiwould__________________theirtentsandacpanythem.由于馴鹿總是在移動(dòng),薩米人會(huì)拿起他們的帳篷陪同他們一起移動(dòng)。(2)Thediseaseis__________________bysneezingandfever.這種疾病往往伴隨著打噴嚏和發(fā)燒。(3)HereyoucanwalkundertheWhaleSharkAquarium—theworld’slargest—andsee__________________20,000fish,inadditiontoawhaleshark68metresinlength.在這里,你可以走在世界上最大的鯨鯊水族館下面,除了68米長(zhǎng)的鯨鯊?fù)?還能看到多達(dá)2萬條魚。Keys:(1)pickup(2)acpanied(3)upto知識(shí)點(diǎn)2讀后續(xù)寫微技能之心理情緒描寫根據(jù)中文提示補(bǔ)全句子1.I________________________________________________________（專注在）everypartofmyself.2.Panic______________her.她突然驚慌失措。3.Theexperience______________me.我回想起了那段經(jīng)歷。4.4.Ericfinallymadeittothetopofthemountain，____________________________________（饑餓但卻興奮）.5.____________________________________________________（已經(jīng)失敗了三次），hedidn'twanttotryagain.6.____________________________________________________（被老師責(zé)罵），heburstintotears.7.Duringtheexam,__________________________________________I（我太緊張）thatmymindwentblank.Keys:1.focusedmythoughts/attentionon2.seized3.struck/hit/overwhelmed4.hungrybutexcited5.Havingfailedthreetimes6.Scoldedbytheteacher7.sonervouswas【要點(diǎn)精講】知識(shí)點(diǎn)1單元詞匯短語任務(wù)1：高頻詞匯突破1.edgen.邊;邊緣;邊線;刀刃vt.&vi.(使)徐徐移動(dòng);給……加邊【教材原句】Ileavemytentandwalkovertothemountainedge.我離開帳篷,走到山邊?！驹~匯精講】(1)attheedgeof表示“在某個(gè)范圍的邊緣”，后接表示地點(diǎn)的名詞(2)ontheedgeof表示“在某個(gè)物體上面的邊緣上”“瀕于某種情況（抽象）”。(3)edgeawayfrom...從……處悄悄離開(4)edgeone’swaythrough（從擁擠的地方）擠過去如：1.Itwashotsummerandattheedgeofthedesertitwaslikeafurnace.那是一個(gè)炎熱的夏天，在沙漠的邊緣，天熱得像火爐一樣。2.Allthefrogslineupontheedgeofarocktodive.所有的青蛙在一塊石頭邊上排起了隊(duì)來潛水。3.Shetriedtoedgeawayfromhim.她想從他身邊溜走?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】(1)_______________________thecity,wefoundourselvesinfrontofanautomobilescrapyard.在城市的邊緣，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正停在一個(gè)汽車廢料廠前面。(2)ButunlikeAmerica,Spainis________________________________________________adebtcrisis.但是，跟美國(guó)不同的是，西班牙正處于債務(wù)危機(jī)的邊緣。Keys:(1)Attheedgeof(2)ontheedgeof2.banvt.明令禁止;取締n.禁令【教材原句】...nooneelsecanlivehere,andallnewdevelopmentisbannedwithinparkboundaries.……沒有其他人可以住在這里,在公園的邊界內(nèi)禁止所有的新開發(fā)項(xiàng)目?！驹~匯精講】(1)sth.bebanned某事物被禁止(2)bansbfromsth./doing禁止某人做某事(3)banonsth對(duì)于某事物的禁令(4)“ban”是一個(gè)重讀閉音節(jié)的詞，變成現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞時(shí)需雙寫末尾的“n”如：1.Chemicalweaponsarebannedinternationally.全世界都禁止化學(xué)武器。2.Thereshouldbeabanontalkingloudlyincinemas.應(yīng)該有在電影院大聲喧嘩的禁令。【鞏固練習(xí)】(1)Thereisa______________onopiuminChina.鴉片在中國(guó)是被禁止的。(2)Grocerystoresshouldbe_________________sellingcigarettestoadolescents.應(yīng)該禁止雜貨店向未成年人售賣香煙。Keys:(1)ban(2)bannedfrom3.acpanyvt.陪同;陪伴;伴隨;(尤指用鋼琴)為……伴奏【教材原句】Sincereindeerwerealwaysonthemove,theSamiwouldpickuptheirtentsandacpanythem.由于馴鹿總是在遷徙，薩米人就會(huì)搭起帳篷陪著他們。【詞匯精講】(1)acpanysb.陪伴某人(2)acpanysb.on+樂器用樂器給某人(3)acpanimentn.陪伴(4)beacpaniedby被……所伴隨如：Ifshesang,Iwouldacpanyheronthepiano.如果她唱歌的話,我就用鋼琴為她伴奏?！緶剀疤崾尽縜cpany和pany的拼寫很接近，且都有“陪伴”的意思，不過acpany是動(dòng)詞形式的“陪伴”，pany是名詞形式的“陪伴”。panyn.公司；陪伴panionn.伙伴acpanyv.陪伴；伴奏acpanimentn.陪伴；伴奏（背景音樂）acpanistn.伴奏者，伴唱者【鞏固練習(xí)】(1)Thediseaseis______________bysneezingandfever.這種疾病往往伴隨著打噴嚏和發(fā)燒。(2)Imustaskyouto______________metothepolicestation.我得要求你陪我去一趟警察局。(3)Thesingerwas______________onthepianobyhersister.女歌手由她姐姐鋼琴伴奏。(4)Feelingsick,Tomneedsyour__________.湯姆身體不適，他需要你的陪伴。Keys:(1)acpanied(2)acpany(3)acpanied(4)acpaniment4.adoptvt.采用;采納;采取vi.&vt.領(lǐng)養(yǎng)【教材原句】IamnotaSami,butinSarekI’veadoptedsomeoftheirhabits.我不是薩米人,但在薩雷克,我接納了他們的一些習(xí)慣。【詞匯精講】(1)adoptways/approaches/solutionstodosth.采用方法/態(tài)度/方案做某事(2)adoptachild領(lǐng)養(yǎng)一個(gè)小孩如：1.Allthreeteamsadopteddifferentapproachestotheproblem.三個(gè)隊(duì)采用了不同的方法處理這個(gè)問題。2.Therearehundredsofpeoplewhoaredesperatetoadoptachild.有幾百個(gè)人急于領(lǐng)養(yǎng)孩子?！緶剀疤崾尽縜dopt與adapt在拼寫和意義方面的差別。adapt意為“使適應(yīng);改編”,名詞形式為adaptation(改編本；改編；適應(yīng))和adaptor(轉(zhuǎn)接頭；適配器；改編者).Threenovelsofhershavebeenadaptedfortelevision.她已有三部小說改編成了電視劇。【鞏固練習(xí)】(1)Pupilsshouldbehelpedto______________apositiveapproachtotheenvironment.應(yīng)幫助學(xué)生對(duì)環(huán)境采取積極的態(tài)度。(2)Helookedontheorphanashis______________son.他把孤兒當(dāng)作養(yǎng)子。(3)AsyouleaveShanghaiforEurope,youneedan__________.當(dāng)你離開上海前往歐洲的時(shí)候，你需要一款電源適配器。(4)ManyofShakespeare’sworksareactually______________insteadoforiginals.莎翁的很多作品實(shí)際上并不是他原創(chuàng)的，而是改編而來。Keys:(1)adopt(2)adopted(3)adaptor(4)hibitvt.(尤指以法令)禁止;阻止【教材原句】officiallyorlegallyprohibit官方或法律上禁止【詞匯精講】(1)在3個(gè)常用的“禁止”中，ban語氣最強(qiáng)，指權(quán)威機(jī)關(guān)明文取消或禁止嚴(yán)重危害公眾利益的事或行為，隱含道義上的譴責(zé)意味；forbid通俗用語，指直接地、面對(duì)面吩咐不許他人采取某種行動(dòng)。prohibit正式用詞，多指通過法律手段或制訂規(guī)則加以禁止。(2)prohibit...from(doing)sth.禁止某人做、接觸某事物(3)prohibitv.禁止prohibitiveadj.禁止的；抑制的；（價(jià)格）過高的prohibitionn.禁令；禁止；禁酒prohibitionistn.禁酒主義者如：1.Speakingloudlyinthereadingroomisprohibited.在閱覽室內(nèi)禁止大聲喧嘩。2.Thehighcostofequipmentprohibitsmanypeoplefromtakingupthissport.昂貴的裝備令許多人對(duì)這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)望而卻步?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】(1)Childrenare______________frombuyingcigarettes.禁止兒童購(gòu)買香煙。(2)Thegovernmentintroducedalaw__________tobaccoadvertisementsonTV.政府頒布法律禁止在電視上做煙草廣告。(3)______________wanttopassalawthatis______________enoughto______________alcoholretailingatnight.禁酒主義者們希望通過一項(xiàng)足夠強(qiáng)力的法案來禁止在夜間售酒。(4)ThePalaceMuseumisalsocalledthe______________city.故宮又名“紫禁城”。(5)Don’tdoanythingthatis______________bylaworyou’llbe______________toehere.不要做法律禁止的事，否則你會(huì)被禁止進(jìn)入這里。Keys:(1)prohibited(2)prohibiting(3)Prohibitionists;prohibitive;prohibit(4)forbidden(5)prohibited;banned6.stretchvi.延伸;延續(xù)vi.&vt.伸展;舒展【教材原句】TheNortheastTigerandLeopardNationalparkwassetupinJilinandHeilongjiang,withboundarystretchingallthewaytotheborderandjoiningwithRussia’swildlifereserves.東北虎豹國(guó)家公園設(shè)立在吉林和黑龍江,邊界一直延伸到邊境,并與俄羅斯的野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)相連。【詞匯精講】(1)stretchout伸出；伸展；舒展四肢(2)stretchto拉伸至；伸展；舒展(3)stretchbackto=datebackto可追溯；回溯到；追溯到(4)stretchthetruth.夸大事實(shí)如：1.Inthemeantime,stretchoutthearmtotouchtheheightmarker.同時(shí)充分伸直上肢去觸碰標(biāo)高。2.TheGreatWallissaidtostretchtenthousandlifromeasttowest.長(zhǎng)城從東向西號(hào)稱綿延萬里。3.Mythsthatstretchbacktoprehistorytimes.追溯到史前階段的神話。4.Wecannotbelievehimbecauseheisinclinedtostretchthetruth.他老是夸夸其談，我們不能相信他。【鞏固練習(xí)】(1)Someanimalscan________________ordrawbacktheirfeelersfreely.有些動(dòng)物的觸角伸縮自如。(2)Forexample,acharacter'sarmsmay________________thepointthattheyappearelastic.舉例來說，一個(gè)人物的武器，可拉伸到如此地步，他們似乎具有彈性。(3)Germany'smercialrelationswithIran_______________theMiddleAgesandhavebeenparticularlystrongsincethebeginningof20thcentury.德國(guó)與伊朗的商業(yè)關(guān)系可以追溯到中世紀(jì)，且自20世紀(jì)初以來一直非常牢固。(4)______________________,andyoumaygetblamedforsomethingyoudidn'tdo.如果你言過其實(shí)，有些事情即使不是你做的，你也會(huì)被指責(zé)。Keys:(1)stretchout(2)stretchto(3)stretchbackto(4)stretchthetruth7.appealvi.有感染力；呼吁；求助；上訴n.吸引力，感染力；呼吁；上訴；請(qǐng)求【教材原句】Whicheverandwhateveryoulike,thereisanincrediblethemeparkthatwillappealtoyou!無論你喜歡哪一個(gè)，喜歡什么，總會(huì)有一個(gè)妙不可言的主題公園吸引你！【詞匯精講】appealto(對(duì)某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感興趣；向某人呼吁；上訴；打動(dòng)appealtosb.forsth.為某事向某人呼吁或請(qǐng)求appealtosb.todosth.懇求/呼吁某人做某事※makeanappealtosb.forsth.為……向某人呼吁或請(qǐng)求※makeanappealtosb.todosth.呼吁/懇求某人做某事【鞏固練習(xí)】(1)What’smore,itisanothereffectivewayto____________thenewsmedia.(2)Weappealedtothevillagersformoney____________(build)thebridge.(3)Thepoliceappealedtothepublic____________theinformationaboutthemurderer.(4)Wearemakinganappealtoanyonewhoseestheboy____________(contact)us.Keys:(1)appealto(2)tobuild(3)for(4)tocontact8.amusementn.[U]消遣；娛樂[C]娛樂活動(dòng)【教材原句】Asyouwanderaroundthefantasyamusementpark，youmayseeSnowWhiteorMickeyMouseinaparadeorevenonthestreet.當(dāng)你在夢(mèng)幻樂園漫步時(shí)，你可能會(huì)在游行隊(duì)伍中或者在街上看到白雪公主或米老鼠?！驹~匯精講】※toone’samusement令某人高興的是dosth.foramusement做某事以消遣in/withamusement愉快地amusevt.使人發(fā)笑；逗樂；使消遣；使娛樂amusesb./oneselfwithsth.以某事/物逗樂某人/自己※amusingadj.好笑的；有趣的amusedadj.愉快的beamusedat/by/with以……為樂beamusedtodosth.做某事取樂【鞏固練習(xí)】(1)Sheexplainedthehistorytome________________.(2)Thechildren_______________playinghideandseekgames.Keys:(1)in/withamusement(2)amusedthemselveswith9.entertainmentn.娛樂；招待；文娛節(jié)目【教材原句】Ifitisoceanentertainmentthatyouarelookingfor,etoChimelongOceanKingdom!如果這是你正在尋找的海洋娛樂，到長(zhǎng)隆海洋王國(guó)來吧?！驹~匯精講】entertainvt.&vi.使歡樂；款待entertainsb.withsth.＝sb.beentertainedwithsth.用某物使某人快樂entertainsb.tosth.用某物招待某人entertainingadj.(令人)愉快的【鞏固練習(xí)】(1)YoungpeopleliketowatchallkindsofTVprogramsfor_______________.(2)Theclownentertainedthechildren_______________allkindsoftricks.(3)昨晚我招待朋友們吃晚飯。（翻譯）___________________________________________________________________________Keys:(1)entertainment(2)with(3)Ientertainedmyfriendstodinneryesterdayevening.任務(wù)2：高頻短語突破1.pickup拿起;接收(信號(hào));(偶然)學(xué)會(huì);整理;接載;情況好轉(zhuǎn)【教材原句】Sincereindeerwerealwaysonthemove,theSamiwouldpickuptheirtentsandacpanythem.由于馴鹿總是在移動(dòng),薩米人會(huì)拿起他們的帳篷陪同他們一起移動(dòng)?！径陶Z精講】(1)pickup拿起;爬起來(2)pickout選出，挑出如：1.Ipickedupsomehighlyusefuloldbooks.我偶然得到了幾本極為有用的舊書。2.Anthonypickedhimselfupandsetoffalongthetrack.安東尼自己慢慢爬起來,又開始沿著跑道繼續(xù)跑。3.Ihavebeenpickedouttorepresentthewholeteam.我被選出來代表全隊(duì)?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】(1)I__________________somecupsasgifts.我選了一些杯子作為禮物。(2)Please______________yourself______________andkeepexercising!請(qǐng)好起來并保持鍛煉吧！Keys:(1)pickedout(2)pickup2.upto達(dá)到(某數(shù)量、程度等);直到;不多于;(體力或智力上)能勝任【教材原句】HereyoucanwalkundertheWhaleSharkAquarium—theworld’slargest—andseeupto20,000fish,inadditiontoawhaleshark68metresinlength.在這兒，你可以在世界上最大的鯨鯊水族館下面行走，除了一只長(zhǎng)達(dá)68米的鯨鯊之外，還能看到多達(dá)20000條魚?！驹~匯精講】(1)upto+（距離、深度、高度、數(shù)量）單位到達(dá)、多達(dá)……(2)beupto能勝任……（職位）;取決于（某人）(3)uptonow目前為止如：1.Thewatercameuptomychest.水淹到了我的胸部。2.Thesun’srayscangothroughwaterupto10feet.太陽的光線可以穿透到10英尺深的水下。3.Afterfouryearsofuniversitystudies,Jimisabsolutelyuptothejobofanetworkengineer.經(jīng)過了四年的大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí),吉姆完全能勝任網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程師這份工作?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】(1)Itis___________youtodecidewhowillleave.你決定誰將離開。(2)Mary___________up__________thejobasanactress.瑪麗能勝任這份女演員的工作。(3)Thesoftwareneeds__________________2minutestolaunch.這款軟件需要足足2分鐘的啟動(dòng)時(shí)間。Keys:(1)upto(2)is,to(3)upto3.befamiliarwithsth.熟悉某事物；通曉某事物【教材原句】ThethemeparkyouareprobablymostfamiliarwithisDisneyland，whichcanbefoundinseveralpartsoftheworld.你最熟悉的主題公園很可能就是迪士尼樂園吧，這樣的公園在世界很多地方都能見到?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】________________________________________,butithappensthatthisforeignlanguageisnotfamiliartohim.他通曉至少5種外語，但碰巧這種外語他不熟悉。Keys:Heisfamiliarwithatleastfiveforeignlanguages4.etrue實(shí)現(xiàn)，成為現(xiàn)實(shí)【教材原句】Disneylandwillbringyouintoamagicalworldandmakeyourchildhooddreamsetrue.迪士尼樂園會(huì)把你帶到魔幻的世界，使你兒時(shí)的夢(mèng)想變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。【詞匯精講】etrue實(shí)現(xiàn)，成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，e在此處用作連系動(dòng)詞，表示向好的方面轉(zhuǎn)化?！皩?shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想”的表達(dá)方法有：realize/fulfill/achieveone’sdreammakeone’sdreametrue注意：etrue是不及物動(dòng)詞短語，無進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】(1)___________________________________________________________________________.我們所有的夢(mèng)想都能成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，如果我們有勇氣去追求。(2)__________________________________________________,hedevotedallhisfreetimetopractisingplayingthepiano.為了實(shí)現(xiàn)當(dāng)鋼琴家的夢(mèng)想，他把所有的空閑時(shí)間都用在練習(xí)彈鋼琴上。Keys:(1)Allourdreamscanetrue,ifwehavethecouragetogoafterthem.(2)Torealize/fulfill/achievehisdreamofbeingapianist5.setout(todo)出發(fā);啟程;(懷著目標(biāo))開始工作【詞匯精講】setaside留出;忽視;不顧 setabout(doing)著手/開始做……setoff出發(fā);引爆 setdown寫下;記下setup建立;安排;搭起【即學(xué)即練】(1)They_______________onthelaststageoftheirjourney.(2)Youmust_______________yourworkatonce.(3)Thepolice_______________mycarnumber.(4)Thecarhasbeen_______________andisoutofuse.(5)Whathesaid_______________aheateddiscussion.(6)Thetwosidesagreedto_______________amissiontoinvestigateclaims.Keys:(1)setout(2)setabout(3)setdown(4)setaside(5)setoff(6)setup知識(shí)點(diǎn)2讀后續(xù)寫微技能之心理情緒描寫任務(wù)1：情節(jié)與心理情緒“文似看山不喜平”，一篇好的讀后續(xù)寫，一定要有跌宕起伏、一波三折的情節(jié)。而情節(jié)的變化中，不可缺少的就是人物心理情緒。心理情緒，包含了“心理”，即人物的動(dòng)機(jī)、目的，以及“情緒”，即人物的思想狀態(tài)。在情節(jié)的發(fā)展過程中，往往是心理活動(dòng)推動(dòng)情節(jié)，而情節(jié)造成人物內(nèi)心的波瀾，進(jìn)而催生情緒。①在描寫人物心理的時(shí)候，我們可以通過放大沖突的方法來增強(qiáng)文章的吸引力，這些沖突可以是人物與其他人物之間的沖突、人物與環(huán)境之間的沖突，以及人物內(nèi)心的沖突，如：【例1】Onthefourthorfifthnight,wehadtroublefindingahotelwithavacancy.Afterdrivinginvainforsometime,Momsuddenlygotagreatidea:Whydidn'twefindahousewithalikelylookingbackyardandaskifwecouldsetuptentthere?DavidandIbecamenervous.開車找旅館徒勞無功母親建議搭帳篷在他人后院David和我倍感緊張，心有不悅（母子的觀點(diǎn)不一）【例2】ThenMacheardquickandloudbreathingbehindhim.……h(huán)esawinstantlythatitwasn'tadogatall,butawolf:quicklycatchingupwithhim.Mac'sheartjumped.……,hefiredthesprayatthewolf.Abrightredcloudenvelopedtheanimal,andtoMac'srelief,itfellback,shakingitshead.Butaminutelater,…….Thenit…….,tearingopenhistentbag.Hefiredatthewolfasecondtime,andagain,itfellback…….Mac騎車獨(dú)自行，路遇餓狼，與之搏斗，險(xiǎn)象環(huán)生。（人（角色）狼（環(huán)境）大戰(zhàn)）【例3】Immediately,anabsolutedarknessruledtheforest.Jane,exhaustedandscared,laydownnearastone,missingherfamilyatadistance.Allthefantasticmemorycrowdedinandshecouldn'thelpcrying,"Hadn'tIquarreledwithTom,walkedawayandclimbedtothehighplace,Iwouldn'tbetrappedinthisawfulplace,confrontedwiththedangerofdying.”Sheregrettedwithendlessanxiety,andthenbecameasleepwithshiningtearsinhereyes.夫婦爭(zhēng)吵獨(dú)自行走荒野走散夜色漸黑獨(dú)處森林陰森恐怖后悔莫及（內(nèi)心沖突的刻畫）內(nèi)心獨(dú)白（往昔對(duì)比+虛擬語氣使用+旁邊描寫是常見技巧之一）。②而在描寫人物情緒的時(shí)候，我們則可以通過場(chǎng)景的構(gòu)建來烘托、營(yíng)造氣氛，進(jìn)而恰到好處地呈現(xiàn)出角色當(dāng)前的情感態(tài)度，如：方法1:擬人，給一個(gè)物體一個(gè)生物的特征，把它帶到生活中。Theflowersnodded.花點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭。Snowflakesdanced.雪花在跳舞。方法2:明喻，把一些東西比作其他東西，給出了更詳細(xì)的描述。Thenightskywasasdarkasthedeepestocean.夜空像最深的海洋一樣黑暗。Thestarssparkledlikediamonds.星星像鉆石一樣閃閃發(fā)光。方法3：暗喻，把某物比作別的東西，給描寫更多的力量。Awaveofterrorwashedoverhim.一陣恐怖的浪潮沖過他。方法4：攝影全景+放大，使用電影導(dǎo)演工作手法，你可以給出一個(gè)更廣泛的觀點(diǎn)，然后集中在一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)上。Fromthewitheringtreeshelookedpastthelitteredfarmyard,acrosstothedecrepithovel.Itsdoorshungsadlyawry,thehandlebroken.從枯萎的樹木中，他望過散落的農(nóng)家庭院，穿過破舊的小屋。它的門掛得很難看，把手?jǐn)嗔?。任?wù)2：無靈主語“他想到一個(gè)好主意”，這樣的句子，幾乎所有人都知道它可以翻譯作：Hehadagoodidea.但如果要給人留下更為深刻的印象，Agoodideacameacrosshismind.或者Agoodideaoccurredto/struck/hithim.或許更合適，因?yàn)橹髡Z由人物變成了一種情緒。后兩句就用到了一種被稱為“無靈主語”的語法結(jié)構(gòu)?！盁o靈主語結(jié)構(gòu)”指的是非人稱主語句采用“無靈主語”(inanimatesubject)，表示抽象概念、心理感覺、事物名稱或時(shí)間地點(diǎn)等，但謂語卻常常使用“有靈動(dòng)詞”(animateverb)表示人或社會(huì)團(tuán)體的動(dòng)作和行為，這類句子往往帶有擬人化(personification)的修辭色彩，原本只是作為人的附屬物，沒有“主觀能動(dòng)性”的“情緒”，突然充當(dāng)了句子的主語，還“抓住了”“襲擊了”在句中充當(dāng)次要角色——賓語的“人物”，頗有種“攻守易勢(shì)”“革命成功”的意味。用同樣的手法，我們還能寫出類似的表達(dá)，如：夜幕降臨，黑暗籠罩著森林。Nightapproaching,darknessruledtheforest.也可以將常見的“Iforgothisname.”這樣的句子改寫為：Hisnameescapedme.Hisnamefailedme.Hisnameslippedmymind.Hisnamedidn'ttakerootinmymind.之類的句子。除了讓文章描寫更為生動(dòng)外，還能避免重復(fù)，增加內(nèi)容的層次感。像“Awaveofnervousnesswashedoverhim.”“Excitementseizedhim.”這樣的表達(dá)，一方面能突出情緒的強(qiáng)烈，另一方面也表現(xiàn)出角色在當(dāng)前情節(jié)中的渺小無力，比完全用人物當(dāng)主語的表達(dá)方法更鮮活靈動(dòng)。①當(dāng)我們把人物的情緒作為主語，使用seize(侵襲，突然控制）,choke(使哽咽)，flood(使大受感動(dòng)，充滿），creep（不知不覺地產(chǎn)生）,grip(緊抓），givewayto(被…代替）,desert,tear等詞作為謂語，而將產(chǎn)生情緒的角色放在賓語的位置時(shí)，像：Panicseizedher.她突然驚慌失措。Despairchokedherwords.她絕望得說不出話來。Agreatsenseofrelieffloodedoverhim.他深感寬慰。Fearslowlycreepsuponher.恐懼慢慢地蔓延到她身上。這樣的句子，往往能成為續(xù)寫段落中的“點(diǎn)睛之筆”，將平淡無奇的流水賬變成濃墨重彩的畫卷。②此外，當(dāng)主語是表示行為或動(dòng)作的名詞，如sight,thought,glance,look,idea,feeling等時(shí)，我們可以將strike,arouse(喚起）,remind,delight,frighten,stun（使震驚）,overwhelm(壓倒）等詞放在謂語的位置，同樣地，將人物用作賓語。“某件事讓某人感到震驚”和“某人被某事嚇到了”，二者之間，顯然是前者更能吸引讀者，也就是改卷老師。比如：“Irecalledtheexperience.”我回想起了那段經(jīng)歷，當(dāng)我們換用“無靈主語”，將它改寫成“Theexperiencestruck/hit/overwhelmedme.”的時(shí)候，人物的心理情緒代替人物本身，成為了句子的中心，人物倒不是重點(diǎn)了。任務(wù)3：常見的表達(dá)心理情緒的語法結(jié)構(gòu)①形容詞作狀語形容詞作狀語其實(shí)是同學(xué)們?cè)诟咭痪徒佑|過的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，其主要功能是表達(dá)人物做某個(gè)動(dòng)作的原因、結(jié)果或者伴隨狀態(tài)。以表原因的形容詞為例：Depressedandhelpless（又沮喪又無助），Ericburstintotears.句中，Eric突然大哭是因?yàn)榫趩屎蜔o助，為了突出這一原因，該句使用了形容詞depressed和helpless作原因狀語。此外，還可以用Ericfinallymadeittothetopofthemountain，hungrybutexcited（饑餓但卻興奮）.表結(jié)果，用Deepinthought（沉思），Marysatstillagainstthedoor.表伴隨。②非謂語動(dòng)詞havingdone非謂語動(dòng)詞havingdone表示分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，常譯為"在…之后;已經(jīng)…了"表先后，如：1.Havingwalkedforquitealongtime（已經(jīng)走了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間了），shefoundherselflost.2.Havingfailedthreetimes（已經(jīng)失敗了三次），hedidn'twanttotryagain.第1句中，在發(fā)現(xiàn)自己迷路之前，她已經(jīng)走了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間了，為了表示walkedforquitealongtime,在foundherselflost之前發(fā)生，該句使用了非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)havingwalked.第2句中，在不想再嘗試之前，他已經(jīng)失敗了三次，為了表示failedthreetimes在didn'twanttotryagain之前發(fā)生，該句使用了非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)havingfailed.③非謂語動(dòng)詞doing/done，with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語動(dòng)詞doing和done作狀語時(shí)，主要表示原因、結(jié)果或伴隨狀態(tài)。doing形式所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作與主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系、done則構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。*doing作狀語的例子如下：Recognizingwhothecustomerwas（認(rèn)出了這位顧客是誰），themanagerwasmostapologeticandreprimandedtheassistantseverely.可以看出，經(jīng)理道歉是因?yàn)檎J(rèn)出了這位顧客是誰，為了表達(dá)這個(gè)原因，該句使用非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)recognizing.作原因狀語，邏輯主語themanager是“認(rèn)出”這個(gè)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。*done做狀語則有：Scoldedbytheteacher（被老師責(zé)罵），heburstintotears.Scoldedbytheteacher（被老師責(zé)罵），heburstintotears.句中，他因?yàn)楸焕蠋熦?zé)罵所以才大哭，為了表達(dá)這個(gè)原因，該句使用非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)scolded...作原因狀語，邏輯主語he是“責(zé)罵”這個(gè)動(dòng)作的接受者。此外，還有一種with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示原因、結(jié)果或伴隨狀態(tài)。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的例子則有：1.Shefellseepwiththelightburning（燈亮著）.2.Withallthethingsbought（東西買齊）,theyheadedforthechurch.第1句中，她睡著的同時(shí)燈亮著，為了表達(dá)這種伴隨狀態(tài)，該句使用了with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with..burning作伴隨狀語。第2句中，因?yàn)闁|西都買齊了，所以他們朝教堂走去，為了表達(dá)這個(gè)原因，該句使用了with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with...bought作原因狀語。④倒裝、虛擬語氣、同位語從句和形式主語it也常用與人物的心理情緒描寫*Duringtheexam,sonervouswasI（我太緊張）thatmymindwentblank.就是一個(gè)典型的部分倒裝表情緒的句子，劃線部分意為“我是如此緊張”，將“緊張”放在“我”的前面，表示“緊張”的情緒是句子的重點(diǎn)——被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分；*Withoutyouradvice,Iwouldn'thavesucceeded.如果沒有你的幫助，我就不會(huì)成功，為了突顯前后邏輯關(guān)系，該句使用了without引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣，表示與實(shí)際情況相反的假設(shè)，因?yàn)椤俺晒Α笔沁^去的事情，所以用wouldn’thavesucceeded.除了without，wish和ifonly(要是……就好了)也是常用的虛擬語氣詞，例子有：Hesatthere,wishinghehadstayedathomethen.IfonlyIwereascleverasyou.*同位語從句，可以用：Theywereshockedatthenewsthattheirhometownhadbeenflooded.句中，他們對(duì)家鄉(xiāng)鬧洪災(zāi)的消息感到震驚，為了解釋說明thenews，該句使用了同位語從句thattheirhometownhadbeenflooded，先將情緒“shocked”呈現(xiàn)出來，再說明“震驚”的原因是“家鄉(xiāng)遭遇了洪水”?！跋裙笠颉钡陌才拍茏屪x者對(duì)于情緒一目了然，而不至于被困在復(fù)雜的邏輯推理中；*形式主語，則是用it代替作為“無靈主語”的從句，如：IthitmeallofasuddenthatIhadforgottenherbirthday.同樣是呈現(xiàn)出“先果后因”的順序，將重要的內(nèi)容放在句子前半段，便于讀者感受情感色彩。任務(wù)4：濃重的情緒和微妙的心理人物的情緒往往隨著情節(jié)的推動(dòng)而變化，以verbal和nonverbal的形式表現(xiàn)出來；而“心理”相對(duì)于“情緒”是個(gè)微妙的概念，通過細(xì)微的動(dòng)作或面部表情往往更能貼切地反映出人物的“心理活動(dòng)”。如果把“情緒”比作搖滾樂中聲嘶力竭的吶喊，“心理”則更像是指彈吉他中寫意的制音，前者所有人都能感受到，而后者則需要細(xì)心才會(huì)捕捉到。俗話說“無風(fēng)不起浪”，段落的續(xù)寫中，通常是劇情引發(fā)了心理，心理又影響了人物情緒，情緒催生行為。實(shí)際上，“心理”和“行為”雖然經(jīng)常一起出現(xiàn)，但它們是動(dòng)作的兩個(gè)不同階段，“心理”好比遠(yuǎn)方的蝴蝶扇動(dòng)了兩下翅膀，而“情緒”則在場(chǎng)景之中成為了一場(chǎng)龍卷風(fēng)?！靶睦怼笔且颍扒榫w”是果。①以下是一組描寫心理的常用句型：Theseeventsconstantlyremindmeofmyfather’sabsence.Iimmediatelypicture/imaginehimlingeringalongthestreetsinrags.Thepicturethathelingersalongthestreetsinshabbyclothesandmessyhairplagues/hauntsmeconstantly.MostdaysIhopethathewouldturnupatmydoorsteponeday.Hewasdeterminedto/decidedtotellpeoplethetruth.Butononewouldlistentohim.Ifocusedmythoughts/attentiononeverypartofmyself.AwonderfulideathatIcouldwakenmyfatherbyturninguptheradiostruckme.讀完以上句子，是否覺得下一句就要描寫句中人物的情緒和動(dòng)作了呢？②以下是一組描寫情緒的常用句型：1.Sb.grew+情緒adjItwastoohumiliatingtoberankedsolow.Shegrewembarrassedandashamed.2.Sb.wasfullof+情緒nFullofanger,shestormedintoherroomandslammedthedoorheavily,lockingherselfforawholeday.3.Sb.waswildwith情緒（joy,excitement/happiness/anger）Shewaswildwithjoyasshewasthepretestandmostpopularwomanintheball.4.Sb.beoverwhelmedby+情緒(負(fù)面)Overwhelmedbytirednessanddisappointment,shethrewhershoesaroundthebedandlayonthebedwithouteventakingoffthecoat.5.Sb.wasimmersedin+情緒n(負(fù)面)Shehasbeenimmersedinthedistressofpartingwithherexboyfriend.6.Sb.waslost+情緒N(joy,excitement,panic.anger)Seeingsomuchdedicateandgorgeousornament,shejustcouldnotstoptryingeachofthem,andeachofthemwassowellmatchedwithher.Shewaslostinecstasy.7.情緒Nswallowedsb.Regretswallowedme.8.Sth.cameasaboltfromtheblue晴天霹靂Twomonthslater,weoverheardthattheoldTomhaddied.Itcameasaboltfromtheblue.9.Itstruck/shockssb.that…Itshockedusthatsheshouldhavedividedwithherhusband.10.Itneveroccurredtosb.that…..某人從未想過Neverdiditoccurtomethatshewouldsuffersuchaseriousdisease.11.Sb.dosthwith情緒adj+air,/with情緒adj+air,sb.dosthWithadelightedair,herhusbandgulpedthesoup,exclaiming“Icannotfindbettersoupthanthis!”O(jiān)neevening,herhusbandreturnedhomewithantriumphantairandholdingaletterinhishand.12.情緒adj,主句/主句，情緒adjFrustratedandexhausted,sheslippedontothebed,staringattheceiling,withoutanystrengthtothink.13.Afloodof情緒Nwelledupsb./情緒nfloodedoversb.Afloodofregretwelleduphim/regretfloodedoverhim.【查漏補(bǔ)缺】知識(shí)點(diǎn)1單元詞匯短語I.單詞拼寫1.Althoughthelocalpeopleareaminority,theyhavefirmcontrolofthe_______________(領(lǐng)土).2.Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildrenshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday,unlessadults_____________(陪伴)bythem.3.Ihitmylegonthe_____________(邊緣)ofthetableasIwalkedpast.4.Thisgivesyoutheopportunitytoprayforand______________(祝福)theother.5.Itisalawthat______________(禁止)tobaccoadvertisinginnewspapersandmagazines.6.Theyhavenochildrenoftheirown,butthey'rehopingto______________(領(lǐng)養(yǎng))one.7.They'vebeendebatingwiththeirneighboursforyearsovera______________(邊界)issue.8.Thegeographyteachershowedmeadrawingofthe______________(冰川).9.Youcanstayatmy______________(村舍)inthecountrywheneveryoulike.10.Therainhadstoppedandastarortwowas_________________(可見的)overthemountains.Keys:1.territory2.acpany3.edge4.bless5.prohibits6.adopt7.boundary8.glacier9.cottage10.visibleII.單句語法填空1.ThepeopleacrosstheworldarefightingagainstCovid19,whichisan________(visible)enemy.2.Theexplorerswakeuptothesoundofthewind________(buffet)theclothofthetent.3.Thesunis______________(bright)shining,tellingtherewillbenorainorsnow.4._________(check)mywatch,Ifoundthatit’s4:30earlyinthemorning.5.Themountainsusedto______________(cover)withthicksheetsofice.6.Theicesheetsmeltedyearsago,_______(leave)behindaboutscoresofglaciers.7.Theareahasmadeanationalpark______________(keep)thelandinitsnaturalstate.8.It’shopedthatthethemeparkwillalwaysremain_______itis.9.Thesheepandcattleare______themove,sotheshepherdspickuptentsandacpanythem.10.TherearesomesourberriesthatIhavefound________(grow)nearthecottage.Keys:1.invisible2.buffeting3.brightly4.Checking5.becovered6.leaving7.tokeep8.as9.on10.growing知識(shí)點(diǎn)2讀后續(xù)寫微技能之心理情緒描寫I.用“心理情緒描寫”的技巧翻譯以下句子1.我感到高興極了。___________________________________________________________________________________2.他感到非?？只?。___________________________________________________________________________________3.上臺(tái)領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)時(shí)我感到心砰砰直跳。___________________________________________________________________________________4.他站在一個(gè)角落里，淚流滿面。___________________________________________________________________________________5.他吃驚地站在那里，不知道接下來做什么。___________________________________________________________________________________6.我突然想到我沒有鎖門。___________________________________________________________________________________7.直到那一刻，他才注意到包里什么也沒留下。___________________________________________________________________________________8.水冰冷冰冷，可那個(gè)年輕人想也沒想就跳了進(jìn)去。___________________________________________________________________________________9.我剛走進(jìn)房間就聽見了巨大的聲音。___________________________________________________________________________________10.他轉(zhuǎn)過身來，想忍住眼淚。___________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1.Awaveofhappinessfloodedoverme.2.Aflushoffearflooded/sweptoverhim.3.IcouldfeelmyheartpoundingasIwentonstagetocollecttheprize.4.Hestoodinacornerwithtearsrollingdownhisface.5.Hestoodthereinshock,unsurewhattodonext.6.ItstruckmethatIhadleftthedoorunlocked.7.Notuntilatthatmomentdidhenoticethattherewasnothingleftinhisbag.8.Thewaterwasfreezingcold,butwithoutasecondthoughttheyoungmanjumpedin9.HardlyhadIenteredtheroomwhenIheardloudnoise.10.Heturnedaround,tryingtofightbackhistears.【梳理優(yōu)化】對(duì)【要點(diǎn)精講】知識(shí)點(diǎn)2的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行整理?！緩?qiáng)化鞏固】完形填空BorninTennesseein2001,MoziahBridgeshasagiftforfashion.Whenhewasvery___1___hetradedbowties(蝴蝶領(lǐng)結(jié))forcandiesintheschoolplayground.However,Moziah’s___2___fashionsenseledhimtohomeinon(集中精力于)hisgiftfor___3___,andhestartedhisownpanyattheageof9.Whathe___4___mostwerebowties.Butthe___5___wasthathefeltthatnoneofhisbowtiesattractedyoungpeople.Thus,the___6___stepforMoziahwasto___7___tiesthataresuitablefortheyoung.He___8___hisgrandmothertoteachhimhowtosew(縫紉)andworked___9___toimprove.Asaresult,Mo’sBowswasgiventotheworld.Thecolorful,handmadetiesquicklyachieved___10___onmajornetworks.Moziahsaidthatdesigningacolorfulbowtiewasjustpartofhis___11___ofmakingtheworldafunandhappierplace.Now,theMo’sBowswebsitestartstosellotherproducts,suchaspocketsquaresandTshirts.Moziahisalsobestknownforhaving___12___ontheNBCrealityTVseries“SharkTank”attheageof11,increasingthe___13___andpopularityofhisproductsandhehasearnedover$165,000fromhisbusiness.Recently,MoziahsoldhisGoMobowtieand___14___$1,600togivetoGlenviewSummerCamp,whichwasenoughto___15____thecampcostsfor10kids.Moziah’snextplanistohelpmorepeopleinneed.1.A.young B.poor C.thirsty D.busy2.A.doubtful B.terrible C.strange D.strong3.A.stayingup B.dressingup C.cleaningup D.cheeringup4.A.loved B.needed C.wanted D.feared5.A.reason B.worry C.problem D.plan6.A.same B.next C.wrong D.previous7.A.predict B.collect C.accept D.create8.A.allowed B.asked C.ordered D.hated9.A.tirelessly B.carelessly C.helplessly D.hopelessly10.A.independence B.balance C.popularity D.protection11.A.story B.research C.dream D.training12.A.appeared B.served C.grown D.checked13.A.flow B.quality C.costs D.sales14.A.borrowed B.raised C.lost D.demanded15.A.reduce B.change C.cover D.IncreaseKeys:15ADBAC610BDBAC1115CADBC【課后練習(xí)】一、閱讀理解Asweallknow,thereareplentyofdifferentparkstovisitintheUK.AllthemeparksinBritainhavecafes,restaurants,picnicareasandgiftshops,soyou’llstillhaveplentytoseeanddowhenyouandthekidshavebeenonenoughrides.Thereare