歷年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題

2017年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題及答案

PartI

Writing

(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.

Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistofindajobsomewhere

andtheothertostartabusinessofyourown.Youaretomakeadecision.

Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourdecision.Youshouldwriteat

least120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartII

ListeningComprehension

(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheend

ofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenews

reportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,

youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,Cand

D.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingle

linethroughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A.Itwasdangeroustolivein.

B.Itwasgoingtoberenovated.

C.Hecouldnolongerpaytherent.

D.Hehadsoldittotheroyalfamily.

2.A.Astrike.

B.Astorm.

C.Aforestfire.

D.Aterroristattack.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A.Theylostcontactwiththeemergencydepartment.

B.Theyweretrappedinanundergroundelevator.

C.Theywereinjuredbysuddenlyfallingrocks.

D.Theysentcallsforhelpviaaportableradio.

4.A.Theytriedhardtorepairtheelevator.

B.Theyreleasedthedetailsoftheaccident.

C.Theysentsuppliestokeeptheminerswarm.

D.Theyprovidedtheminerswithfoodandwater.

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A.Raisepostagerates.

B.Improveitsservices.

C.Redesigndeliveryroutes.

D.Closesomeofitspostoffices.

6.A.Shorteningbusinesshours.

B.Closingofficesonholidays.

C.StoppingmaildeliveryonSaturdays.

D.Computerizingmallsortingprocesses.

7.A.Manypostofficestaffwilllosetheirjobs.

B.Manypeoplewillbegintocomplain.

C.Taxpayerswillbeverypleased.

D.Alotofcontroversywillarise.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Atthe

endofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththe

conversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouheara

question,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,

CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasingle

linethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A.Hewillbekeptfrompromotion.

B.Hewillgothroughretraining.

C.Hewillbegivenawarning.

D.Hewilllosepartofhispay.

9.A.Heisalwaysontime.

B.Heisatrustworthyguy.

C.Heisanexperiencedpressoperator.

D.Heisongoodtermswithhisworkmates.

10.A.Sheisatradeunionrepresentative.

B.Sheisinchargeofpublicrelations.

C.Sheisaseniormanageroftheshop.

D.Sheisbetterathandlingsuchmatters.

11.A.Heisskilledandexperienced.

B.Heisveryclosetothemanager.

C.Heisalwaystryingtostiruptrouble.

D.Heisalwayscomplainingaboutlowwages.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A.Open.

B.Friendly.

C.Selfish.

D.Reserved.

13.A.Theystayquiet.

B.Theyreadabook.

C.Theytalkabouttheweather.

D.Theychatwithfellowpassengers.

14.A.Shewasalwaystreatedasaforeigner.

B.ShewaseagertovisitanEnglishcastle.

C.Shewasneverinvitedtoacolleague，shome.

D.Shewasunwillingtomakefriendswithworkmates.

15.A.Housesaremuchmorequiet.

B.Housesprovidemoreprivacy.

C.Theywanttohavemorespace.

D.Theywantagardenoftheirown.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendof

eachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageand

thequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmust

choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Then

markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethrough

thecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A.Theydon，thavemuchchoiceofjobs.

B.Theyarelikelytogetmuchhigherpay.

C.Theydon，thavetogothroughjobinterviews.

D.Theywillautomaticallybegivenhiringpriority.

17.A.Asktheirprofessorsforhelp.

B.Lookatschoolbulletinboards.

C.Visittheschoolcareersservice.

D.Gothroughcampusnewspapers.

18.A.Helpingstudentsfindthebooksandjournalstheyneed.

B.Supervisingstudyspacestoensureaquietatmosphere.

C.Helpingstudentsarrangeappointmentswithlibrarians.

D.Providingstudentswithinformationaboutthelibrary.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A.Ittastesbetter.

B.Itiseasiertogrow.

C.Itmaybesoldatahigherprice.

D.Itcanbettersurviveextremeweathers.

20.A.Itishealthierthangreentea.

B.Itcangrowindriersoil.

C.Itwillreplacegreenteaoneday.

D.Itisimmunetovariousdiseases.

21.A.Ithasbeenwellreceivedbymanyteadrinkers.

B.Itdoesnotbringthepromisedhealthbenefits.

C.Ithasmadeteafarmers?lifeeasier.

D.Itdoesnothaveastablemarket.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A.Theyneeddecorationstoshowtheirstatus.

B.Theypreferuniqueobjectsofhighquality.

C.Theydecoratetheirhomesthemselves.

D.Theycaremoreaboutenvironment.

23.A.Theywereproudoftheircreations.

B.Theycouldonlytrytocreateatnight.

C.Theymadegreatcontributionstosociety.

D.Theyfocusedonthequalityoftheirproducts.

24.A.Makewisechoices.

B.Identifyfakecrafts.

C.Designhandicraftsthemselves.

D.Learntheimportanceofcreation.

25.A.Toboostthelocaleconomy.

B.Toattractforeigninvestments.

C.Toarousepublicinterestincrafts.

D.Topreservethetraditionalculture.

PartIII

ReadingComprehension

(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youare

requiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgivenina

wordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybefore

makingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.

PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebank

morethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whensomeonecommitsacriminalact,wealwayshopethepunishmentwill

matchtheoffense.Butwhenitcomestooneofthecruelestcrimes-一animal

fighting一一things26workoutthatway.Dog-fightingvictimsare27andkilled

forprofitandsport,yettheircriminalabusersoftenreceivea28sentence

forcausingalifetimeofpain.Roughlyhalfofallfederally-convicted

animalfightersonlygetprobation（緩刑J）.

Someprogresshasbeenmadeintheprosecution（起訴）ofanimalfighters.

ButfederaljudgesoftenrelyheavilyontheU.S.SentencingGuideLines

whenthey29penalties,andinthecaseofanimalfighting,thoseguidelines

areoutdatedandextremely30

TheU.S.SentencingCommission,which31thesesentencingguidelines,is

revisitingthem,proposingtoraisetheminimumsentencefrom6-12to21-

27months.Thisisastepintheright32,butwe'dliketoseetheU.S.

SentencingCommissionmakefurtherchangestotheguidelines.

Alongwiththiseffort,we'reworkingwithanimaladvocatesandstateand

federallawmakersto33anti-crueltylawsacrossthecountry,aswellas

supportinglawsandpoliciesthatassistoverburdenedanimal34thatcare

foranimalfightingvictims.Thishelpis35importantbecausethehighcost

ofcaringforanimalvictimsisamajorfactorthatpreventspeoplefrom

gettinginvolvedincrueltycasesinthefirstplace.

A.convenient

B.creates

C.critically

D.determine

E.direction

F.hesitate

G.inadequate

H.inspired

I.method

J.minimal

K.rarely

L.shelters

M.strengthen

N.sufferings

0.tortured

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithten

statementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninone

oftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationis

derived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarked

withaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2.

WhenWorkBecomesaGame

A)Whatmotivatesemployeestodotheirjobswell?Competitionwith

coworkers,forsome.Thepromiseofrewards,forothers.Pureenjoymentof

problem-solving,foraluckyfew.

B)Increasingly,companiesaretappingintothesedesiresdirectly

throughwhathascometobeknownasgamification:essentially,turning

workintoagame.Gamificationisaboutunderstandingwhatitisthatmakes

gamesengagingandwhatgamedesignersdotocreateagreatexperience

ingames,andtakingthoselearningsandapplyingthemtoothercontexts

suchastheworkplaceandeducation,explainsKevinWerbach,agamification

expertwhoteachesattheWhartonSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityof

PennsylvaniaintheUnitedStates.

C)Itmightmeanmonitoringemployeeproductivityonadigital

leaderboardandofferingprizestothewinner,orgivingemployeesdigital

badgesorstarsforcompletingcertainactivities.Itcouldalsomean

trainingemployeeshowtodotheirjobsthroughvideogameplatforms.

CompaniesfromGoogletoVOrealtoIBMtoWellsFargoareknowntousesome

degreeofgamificationintheirworkplaces.Andmoreandmorecompaniesare

joiningthem.Arecentreportsuggeststhattheglobalgamificationmarket

willgrowfrom$1.65billionin2015to$11.1billionby2020.

D)Theconceptofgamificationisnotentirelynew,Werbachsays.

Companies,marketersandteachershavelonglookedforfunwaystoengage

people'sreward-seekingorcompetitivespirits.CrackerJackshasbeen

gamifyingitssnackfoodbyputtingasmallprizeinsideformorethan100

years,headds,andtheturn-of-the-centurysteelmagnate(巨頭)Charles

Schwabissaidtohaveoftencomeintohisfactoryandwrittenthenumberof

tonsofsteelproducedonthepastshiftonthefactoryfloor,thus

motivatingthenextshiftofworkerstobeatthepreviousone.

E)Butthewordgamificationandthewidespread,consciousapplicationof

theconceptonlybeganinearnestaboutfiveyearsago,Werbachsays.Thanks

inparttovideogames,thegenerationnowenteringtheworkforceis

especiallyopentotheideaofhavingtheirworkgarnified.Weareatapoint

whereinmuchofthedevelopedworldthevastmajorityofyoungpeoplegrew

upplayingvideogames,andanincreasinglyhighpercentageofadultsplay

thesevideogamestoo,Werbachsays.

F)Anumberofcompanieshavesprungup--GamEffective,Bunchbailand

Badgeville,tonameafew一一inrecentyearsofferinggamificationplatforms

forbusinesses.Theplatformsthataremosteffectiveturnemployees，

ordinaryjobtasksintopartofarichadventurenarrative.Whatmakesa

gamegame-likeisthattheplayeractuallycaresabouttheoutcome,Werbach

says.Theprincipleisaboutunderstandingwhatismotivatingtothisgroup

ofplayers,whichrequiressomeunderstandingofpsychology.

G)Somepeople,Werbachsays,aremotivatedbycompetition.Salespeople

oftenfallintothiscategory.Forthem,therightkindofgamification

mightbeturningtheirsaiespitchesintoacompetitionwithotherteam

members,completewithadigitalleaderboardshowingwhoiswinningatall

times.Othersaremoremotivatedbycollaborationandsocialexperiences.

OnecompanyWerbachhasstudiedusesgamificationtocreateasenseof

communityandboostemployees，morale(士氣).Whenemployeeslogintotheir

computers,they，reshownapictureofoneoftheircoworkersandaskedto

guessthatperson，sname.

H)Gamificationdoesnothavetobedigital.MonicaCornettirunsa

companythatgarnifiesemployeetrainings.Sometimesthisinvolvestechnology,

butoftenitdoesnot.Sherecentlydesignedagamificationstrategyfora

saiestrainingcompanywithastorm-chasingtheme.Employeesformedstorm

chaserteamsandcompetedinstorm-themededucationalexercisestoearn

variousrewards.Rewardsdonothavetobestuff,Cornettisays.Rewardscan

beflexibleworkinghours.Anothertraining,thisoneforpayrolllaw,

usedaSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfstheme.SnowWhiteisavailablefor

everyonetouse,butthedwarfsarestillundercopyright,soCornetti

inventedsound-alikecharacters(GrumpyGus,DopeyDan)toillustrate

specificpayrolllawprinciples.

I)Somepeopledonottakenaturailytogarnifiedworkenvironments,

Cornettisays.Inherexperience,peopleinpositionsofpowerorpeoplein

financeorengineeringdonottendtolikethesoundoftheword.Ifweare

designingforengineers,I'mnottalkingabouta'game，atall,Cornetti

says,rmtalkingabouta'simulation，(模擬)，I'mtalkingabout'being

abletosolvethisproblem.’

J)Gamificationisnotamagicbullet,Werbachwarns.Agamification

strategythatisnotsufficientlythoughtthroughorwelltailoredtoits

playersmayengagepeopleforalittlewhile,butitwillnotmotivate

peopleinthelongterm.Itcanalsobeexploitative,especiallywhenused

withvulnerablepopulations.Forworkers,especiallylow-paidworkers,who

desperatelyneedtheirjobsyetknowtheycanbeeasilyreplaced,

gamificationmayfeelmoreliketheHungerGames.Werbachgivestheexample

ofseveralDisneylandhotelsinAnaheim,California,whichusedlarge

digitalleaderboardstodisplayhowefficientlylaundryworkerswere

workingcomparedtooneanother.Someemployeesfoundtheboardmotivating.

Toothers,itwastheoppositeoffun.Somebegantostoptakingbathroom

breaks,worriedthatiftheirproductivityfelltheywouldbefired.

Pregnantemployeesstruggledtokeepup.InaLosAngelesTimesarticle,one

employeereferredtotheboardasadigitalwhip.Itactuallyhadavery

negativeeffectonmoraleandperformance,Werbachsays.

K)Still,gamificationonlystandstobecomemorepopular,hesays,as

moreandmorepeoplecomeintotheworkforcewhoarefamiliarwiththe

structuresandexpressionsofdigitalgames.Wearefarfromreachingthe

peak,Cornettiagrees.Thereisnoreasonthiswillgoaway.

36.Somefamouscompaniesarealreadyusinggamificationandmoreare

tryingtodothesame.

37.Gamificationisnotamiraclecureforallworkplacesasitmayhave

negativeresults.

38.Toenhancemorale,onecompanyasksitsemployeestoidentifytheir

fellowworkerswhenstartingtheircomputers.

39.Theideaofgamificationwaspracticedbysomebusinessesmorethana

centuryago.

40.Thereisreasontobelievethatgamificationwillbeheretostay.

41.Videogamescontributedinsomewaystothewideapplicationof

gamification.

42.Whenturningworkintoagame,itisnecessarytounderstandwhat

makesgamesinteresting.

43.Gamificationinemployeetrainingdoesnotalwaysneedtechnology.

44.Themostsuccessfulgamificationplatformstransformdailywork

assignmentsintofunexperiences.

45.Itisnecessarytousetermsotherthangamificationforsome

professions.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageis

followedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemthere

arefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice

andmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline

throughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

RecentlyIattendedseveralmeetingswherewetalkedaboutwaystoretain

studentsandkeepyoungerfacultymembersfromgoingelsewhere.

Itseemshighereducationhasbecomeanindustryofmeeting-holderswhose

taskitistosolveproblems一一realorimagined.Andinmypositionasa

professoratthreedifferentcolleges,theactualproblemsineducatingour

youngpeopleandolderstudentshavedeepened,whilethenumberof

peoplehired一一nottoteachbuttoholdmeetings-hasincreasedsignificantly.

Everynewproblemcreatesanewjobforanadministrativefixer.Takeour

CenterforTeachingExcellence.Contrarytoitstitle,thecenterisa

clearinghouse（信息交流中心）forusingtechnologyinclassroomsandin

onlinecourses.It'sanadministrativesham（欺詐）ofthekindthathas

multipliedoverthelast30years.

Iofferasimplepropositioninresponse:Manyofourproblems-class

attendance,educationalsuccess,studenthappinessandwell-being-mightbe

improvedbycuttingdownthebureaucratic（官僚的）mechanismsandmeetings

andinsteadhiringanarmyofgoodteachers.Ifwereplacedhalfof

ouradministrativestaffwithclassroomteachers,wemightactuallygeta

majorityofourclassesbackto20orfewerstudentsperteacher.Thiswould

beanenvironmentinwhichteachersandstudentsactuallykneweachother.

Theteachersmustbefreetoteachintheirownway-thecurriculum

shouldbeflexibleenoughsothattheycanusetheirindividualtalentsto

achievethegoalsofthecourse.Additionally,theyshouldbeallowedto

teach,andberewardedfordoingitwell.Teachersarenotpeoplewhoare

greatatandconsumedbyresearchandhappentoappearinaclassroom.Good

teachingandresearcharenotexclusive,buttheyarealsonotautomatic

companions.Teachingisanartandacraft,talentandpractice;itisnot

somethingthatjustanyonecanbegoodat.Itisutterlyconfusingtome

thatpeopledonotrecognizethis,despitethefactthatprettymuchanyone

whohasbeenastudentcantellthedifferencebetweentheirbestandworst

teachers.

46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpresent-dayuniversities?

A.Theyareeffectivelytacklingrealorimaginedproblems.

B.Theyoftenfailtocombineteachingwithresearch.

C.Theyareover-burdenedwithadmirestrativestaff.

D.Theylacktalenttofixtheirdeepeningproblems.

47.Accordingtotheauthor,whatkindofpeopledouniversitieslack

most?

A.Goodclassroomteachers.

B.Efficientadministrators.

C.Talentedresearchers.

D.Motivatedstudents.

48.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheclassesatpresent?

A.Theyfacilitatestudents5independentlearning.

B.Theyhelpstudentsformcloserrelationships.

C.Theyhavemoreolderstudentsthanbefore.

D.Theyaremuchbiggerthanisdesirable.

49.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofteachingability?

A.Itrequirestalentandpractice.

B.Itiscloselyrelatedtoresearch.

C.Itisachieffactoraffectingstudents'learning.

D.Itcanbeacquiredthroughpersistentpractice.

50.Whatistheauthor，ssuggestionforimprovinguniversityteaching?

A.Creatinganenvironmentforteacherstosharetheirteaching

experiences.

B.Hiringmoreclassroomteachersandallowingthemtoteachintheirown

way.

C.Usinghightechnologyinclassroomsandpromotingexchangeof

information.

D.Cuttingdownmeetingsandencouragingadministrativestafftogoto

classrooms.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thesecrettoeatinglessandbeinghappyaboutitmayhavebeencracked

yearsago--byMcDonald's.AccordingtoanewstudyfromCornellUniversity，s

FoodandBrandLab,smallnon-foodrewards--likethetoysinMcDonald，s

HappyMeals一一stimulatethesamerewardcentersinthebrainasfooddoes.

Theresearchers,ledbyMartinReimann,carriedoutaseriesof

experimentstoseeifpeoplewouldchooseasmallermealffitwaspaired

withanon-fooditem.

Theyfoundthatthemajorityofbothkidsandadultsoptedforahaft-

sizedportionwhencombinedwithaprize.Bothoptionswerepricedthesame.

Evenmoreinterestingisthatthepromiseofafuturerewardwasenough

tomakeadultschoosethesmallerportion.Oneoftheprizesusedwasa

lotteryticket（彩票），witha$10,$50or$100payout,andthiswasas

effectiveasatangiblegiftinpersuadingpeopletoeatless.

Thefactthatparticipantswerewillingtosubstitutepartofafooditem

forthemereprospectofa

relativelysmallmonetaryawardisinteresting,saysReimann.

Hetheorizesthatitistheemotionalcomponentoftheseintangible

prizesthatmakethemeffective.Infact,vaguely-statedpossibilitiesof

winningaprizeweremoreeffectivethanoptionswithhardoddsincluded.

Oneexplanationforthisfindingisthatpossibleawardsmaybemore

emotionallyprovokingthancertraintyReimann.Theofaddedattraction

andawards,saysuncertaintywinningprovidesdesirabilitythroughemotional'

thrills.’Thepossibilityofreceivinganawardalsoproducesastate

ofhope-astatethatisinitselfpsychologicallyrewarding.Inother

words,there，sareasonwhypeo