實訓3：目錄注意樹形結(jié)構(gòu)與線形結(jié)構(gòu)、形合與意合 1注意語言單位的推移 1注意從句性質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)變 2注意句界的調(diào)整 2各種策略的綜合 3短文翻譯 3注意樹形結(jié)構(gòu)與線形結(jié)構(gòu)、形合與意合Carbon-richcompoundsextractedfromameteoritethatfellinAustraliain1969spontaneouslyformedvesicleswhenthecompoundsweredissolvedinwater.譯文：1969年，一顆隕石墜落在澳大利亞境內(nèi)，從該隕石中提取的富碳化合物在水中分解時，會自動釋放出小氣泡來。Whenshotintoturbinesonwings,oilhasshrunktheplanetinawaythatwasoncethestuffofsciencefiction.石油，在注入飛機機翼上的渦輪機后，就像昔日的科幻小說中描述的那樣，將地球縮小了。Fromalong-termperspective,Internetshoppingisbutalow-levelaspectoftheNet,anditisnotverylikelytobecomethemostimportanttrend.從長遠看，網(wǎng)上購物僅僅是低層次的網(wǎng)絡化，未必會成為主流。Aflashplantsendswaterthroughaseriesofchambersonthesurfacethatrapidlyreducethewater’spressure,causingittovaporize;thesteamisthenusedtomakeelectricity.急驟蒸發(fā)系統(tǒng)發(fā)電廠通過地面的一系列降壓室將水排放出來，使泉水壓力急驟下降而汽化，然后利用這種蒸汽發(fā)電。注意語言單位的推移Thedeepestholesofallaremadeforoil,andtheygodowntoasmuchas25,000feet.在所有的鉆洞中，鉆的最深的要算油井了，油井可深達25000英尺。Becausetalkingcomputerswilldoitmoreeasily,quickly,efficiently,universally,andcheaply,theywillreplacewrittenlanguage.因為語音電腦能夠更容易、快捷、有效、大范圍、廉價地完成任務，所以它將取代書面語言。Oxfordhasbeenruinedbythemotorindustry.ThepeacewhichOxfordonceknew,andwhichagreatuniversitycityshouldalwayshave,hasbeensweptruthlesslyaway.牛津已經(jīng)被汽車工業(yè)毀了。一座大學城應該具有的昔日聞名的寧靜和安逸已蕩然無存。Whereanenvironmentisundisturbed,theecologyofanareaisinbalance,butifacreatureisexterminatedoranalienspeciesintroduced,thentheecologyofthedistrictwillbeupset.環(huán)境沒有受到干擾的地方，生態(tài)是平衡的；但如果原有物種被滅絕或者新的物種被引進，那么該地區(qū)的生態(tài)就會被擾亂。注意從句性質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)變A.C.canalsobechangedintoD.C.byadevicecalledrectifier,whichletscurrentflowonlyoneway.交流電也能夠借助于一種叫做整流器的裝置變?yōu)橹绷麟?，整流器只允許電流單向流動。Freeingaluminumfromitscompoundsissomethingverydifficult,whichaccountsforitsrecentintroductionintogeneraluse.從化合物中提取鋁不是一件容易的事，因此鋁直到最近才被普遍使用。Recordofhumanbehaviormustbeobtainedinaformthatcanbematchedbytheoutputofacomputer.必須用某種形式記錄認得行為，以便使之與計算機所輸出的行為相匹配。Iftheamountofsugarinthebloodfallsbelowacriticallevel,apossibleconsequenceoftheenzymedefect,thebrain’sactivityceasesanddeathcanstrikesuddenly.當血液中的含糖量低于某一臨界水平時，酶的缺乏可能導致大腦停止活動，以致猝死。WhenHuttonandLyellpresentedevidencetorefutethenotionthatearthwascreated6,000yearsago,thepeopleraged.當赫頓和李爾提出證據(jù)駁斥地球是6000年前創(chuàng)造的說法時，人們勃然大怒。Otherswillrespondnegativelythesuggestionthathumanproblem-solvingcanberelatedtocomputerinformationprocessing.把人類的解題思維活動同計算機的信息處理聯(lián)系起來的想法會引起另一些人的反對。注意句界的調(diào)整Manyengineersworkonprojectsinteamsthatincludescientists,technicians,andotherengineers;however,someengineersactasindependentconsultantwhoselltheirservicestopeoplewhoneedengineeringassistance.很多工程師跟人合作做項目，其團隊中有科學家、技師和其他工程師。但是，也有一些工程師是獨立的顧問，想那些需要技術(shù)支持的人出售服務。Lovinsproposesaniftyscheme,whichwouldreducetheconsumerpriceofsuchenergy-efficientcarswhileincreasingthepriceofgasguzzler.洛文斯提出了一個絕妙的方案。該方案一經(jīng)采用，便會降低節(jié)能汽車的零售價格，而提高高油耗汽車的價格。各種策略的綜合Examiningbrainscansof320healthymenandwomenaged66to90,researchersfoundthatforeachyearofeducationthesubjectshad,therewasgreatershrinkageofouterlayerofthebrainknownasthecortex.研究者對320名年齡為66到90歲的健康男子和女子腦部掃描后發(fā)現(xiàn)，受試者的受教育經(jīng)歷每多一年，其大腦外層中叫做腦皮層的部位溝回將增多萎縮。Forexample,Coffey’steamreported,amongsubjectsofthesamesexandsimilarageandskullsize,thosewith16yearsofeducationhad8percentto10percentmorecerebrospinalfluidcomparedwiththosewhohavefouryearsofschooling.Inatypicalprocedureforinvestigatingeideticimagery,theexperimenterplacesarichlydetailedpictureagainstaneaselpaintedaneutralgrey,givesthechild30secondstolookatit,removesthepicture,andthenasksthechildtodescribewhatheseesontheeasel.短文翻譯Sowhatcausesavolcanotoeruptandhowdoscientistspredicteruptions?Whenapartoftheearth’suppermantleorlowercrustmeltsmagmaforms.Avolcanoisessentiallyanopeningoraventthroughwhichthismagmaandthedissolvedgasesitcontainsaredischarged.Althoughthereareseveralfactorstriggeringavolcaniceruption,threepredominate:thebuoyancyofthemagma,thepressurefromtheexcludedgasesinthemagmaandtheinjectionofanewbatchofmagmaintoanalreadyfilledmagmachamber.Asrockinsidetheearthmelts,itsmassremainsthesamewhileitsvolumeincreases-producingameltthatislessdensethanthesurroundingrock.Thislightermagmathenrisetowardthesurfacebyvirtueofitsbuoyancy.Ifthedensityofthemagmabetweenthezoneofitsgenerationandthesurfaceislessthanthatofthesurroundingandoverlyingrocks,themagmareachesthesurfaceanderupts.Determiningthetimingofaneruptioninamonitoredvolcanodependsonmeasuringanumberofparameters,including,butnotlimitedto,seismicactivityatthevolcano(especiallydepthandfrequencyofvolcanicearthquakes),grounddeformations(determinedusingatiltmeterand/orGPS,andsatelliteradiointerferometry),andgasemission(samplingtheamountofsulfurdioxidegasemittedbycorrelationspectrometer).Anexcellen