2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀拓展練習(xí)題

1

Themostimportantdeterminingfactorofsuccessorfailure-atworkandinlife一is

self-awareness,theabilitytounderstandwhoweare,howothersseeus,andhowwefitinto

theworld.

Formillions^Qf^years?Jheancestorsofhumans?evolvedpainfullyjilovdy.Howevei^about

15.0'QQO.years.,agoJhere,.was.anexp]Qsiye,,deyelQpmenLin,.tha,human.brain...where,among

otherthings,wegainedtheabilitytoexamineourownthoughts,feelingsandbehaviors,as

wellas8seethingsfix）manother'spointofview.Notonlydidthistransformationcreatethe

foundationforart,spiritualpracticesandlanguage,butitcamewithasurvivaladvantagefor

ourancestors,whohadtoworktogetherinordertosurvive.

Thoughwemaynotfacethesameday-to-daythreatstoourexistence,self-awarenessis

nolesscritical.Thereisstrongscientificevidencethatpeoplewhoknowthemselvesandhow

othersseethemarehappier.Theyaresmarter,superiorstudents.Theyraisemoremature

children.Theyalsotendtobemorecreative,confidentandlessaggressive.

Butformostpeopleitiseasiertochooseself-delusion（自我欺騙）ratherthanthecold

hardtruth.Ourincreasingly"me"focusedsocietymakesiteasiertofallintothistrap.Recent

generationshavegrownupinaWorldobsessedwithself-esteem（自負(fù)），constantlybeing

remindedoftheirspecialqualities.Notonlyareourassessmentsoftenflawed（有缺陷），but

achievementsatschoolandwork.Whafsscaryisthattheleastcompetentpeopleareusually

themostconfidentintheirabilities.

Howcanweavoidthisfate?Wemustworkontwospecifictypesofinsight.Internal

self-awarenessisaninwardunderstandingofourpassionsandaspirations,strengthsand

weaknessesandsoon.Andexternalself-awareness,knowinghowothersseeyou,means

understandingyourselffromtheoutsidein.

Forthoselookingtogaintrueinsight,rememberthatotherpeopleoftenseeusmore

objectivelythanweseeourselvesandthatself-examinationcanhavehiddentrapthatmake

insightactuallyimpossible.

1-Thefirstthreeparagraphsmainlytalkabout.

A-thesignificanceofself-awarenessinhumansurvivalandadvancement

B?thesharpcontrastbetweenself-awarenessoftodayandthepast

C-thenecessityofashiftinself-awarenesstosatisfytheneedstoday

D-theintelligencegapbetweenmodernmenandtheirancestors

2-What'stheproblemwith"me"focusedsocietynowadays?

A-People'sperfbnnanceandabilitiesareoverlooked.

B-Competentpeopletendtobeunconfidentoftheirleadershipskills.

C-Ifsdifficulttoobtainanobjectiveassessmentofourselves.

D-Modernpeoplefailtobringtheirspecialqualitiesintofullplay.

3-Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofexternalself-awareness?

A-Youlistentothecommentsaboutyoufromothers.

B-Youarefullyawareofyourstrengthsandweaknesses.

C-Youreflectyourbehaviorsthoroughlyeveryday.

D-Youcarefullycompareyourbehaviorwiththatofothers.

4-Inthelastparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhatweshould.

A-developtrueinsighttojudgepeoplemoreobjectively

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B-trytoavoidthetrapsetbyothers

C-gainmoreinsightbymeansofself-examination

D?paymoreattentiontoexternalself-awareness

【詞匯講解】

explosive

foundation

critical

obsessed

objectively

【認(rèn)知詞匯】

aggressive

aspiration

insight

【中譯英翻譯】

1.自從童年時(shí)期?我就對(duì)中國(guó)結(jié)特別著迷。（theChineseKnot）

2.現(xiàn)在，回憶我青少年時(shí)期，我突然想到，我那時(shí)持續(xù)不斷的練習(xí)為我現(xiàn)在的事業(yè)打下

了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，這對(duì)我的長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展是特別關(guān)鍵的-（constant,career事業(yè)）

3.我一到達(dá)這個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村，就對(duì)其景色特別著迷。

4.參加志愿服務(wù)活動(dòng)會(huì)對(duì)你未來(lái)的職業(yè)發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)。（career事業(yè)，職業(yè)）

5.堅(jiān)持體育鍛煉對(duì)促進(jìn)你的身心健康是很關(guān)鍵的，因?yàn)殄憻挷粌H能保證你身體機(jī)能的正

常發(fā)展?而且可減少患病的概率°（function機(jī)能,guarantee保證-possibility）

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【長(zhǎng)難句分析】

l.Formillionsofyears,theancestorsofhumansevolvedpainfullyslowly.However,about

150,000yearsagotherewasanexplosivedevelopmentinthehumanbrainwhere,among

otherthings,wegainedtheabilitytoexamineourownthoughts,feelingsandbehaviors,as

wellastoseethingsfromanother'spointofview.

【引導(dǎo)詞】

【從句類型】

【從句作用】

【翻譯】

2.Notonlyareourassessmentsoftenflawed（有缺陷），butweareusuallyterriblejudgesof

ourownperformanceandabilities-fromleadershipskillstoachievementsatschooland

work.

【引導(dǎo)詞】

【從句類型】

【從句作用】

【翻譯】

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2

CathyandWayneN.whohavebeenmarriedfiveyearsareintheirlate20'sandchildless.

ThelasttimeamemberofCathy5sfamilyasked,“Whenareyougoingtostartafamily?,,Her

answerwas“Weareafamily!?,

CathyandWaynebelongtoagrowingnumberofyoungmarriedcoupleswhoare

decidingnottohavechildren.Arecentsurveyshowedthatinthelastfiveyearsthe

percentageofwivesaged25to29whodidnotwantchildrenhadalmostdoubledandamong

those18to24ithadalmosttripled.Whatliesbehindthisdecisionwhichseemstoflyinthe

faceofbiologyandsociety?

Perhapsthemostpublic,outspoken.childless.couple.areEllen.Peck,authorQfThe.Baby

Trap,andherhusband,William,anadvertisingexecutivewhoispresidentoftheNational

OrganizationforNon-parents.ThePecksinsistneithertheynortheorganizationisagainst

parenthood,justagainstthesocialpressuresthatpushpeopleintoparenthoodwhetheritis

whattheyreallywantandneedornot.

"It'salife-stylechoice,Ellensays.“Wechosefreedomandspontaneity（自發(fā)性）,

privacyandleisure.It^alsoaquestionofwhereyouwanttogiveyourefforts-withinyour

ownfamilyorinthelargercommunity.Thisgenerationfacesseriousquestionsaboutthe

continuityoflifeandaswellasitsquality.Ourgrandchildrenmayhavetobuyticketstosee

thelastredwoodsorlineuptogettheiroxygenration.Therearemenwhocomplainabout

beingcaughtinatrafficjamforhoursontheirhometotheirfivekidsbutcan'tmakethe

associationbetweenthechildrenandthetrafficjam.Inaworldseriouslythreatenedbythe

consequencesofoverpopulationwe'reconcernedwithmakinglifewithoutchildren

acceptableandrespectable.Toomanychildrenarebornasaresultofculturalpressure.And

theresultsshowupinthestatisticsondivorceandchild-abuse.^^

Herhusbandadds,“Everyfriend,relativeandbusinessassociateispressuringyoutohave

kids'andfindwhatyou5remissing/Toomanypeoplediscovertoolatethatwhattheywere

missingwassomethingtheyweretotallyunsuitedfbr.”

AndEllenagain,“Fromthefirstdolltosoapoperastococktailparties,thepressureis

alwaystheretobeparents.Butlefstakealookattherateofparentalfailure.Perhaps

parenthoodshouldberegardedasaspecializedoccupationlikebeingadoctor.Somepeople

aregoodatitandtheyshouldhavechildren;othersaren't,andtheyshouldfeeltheyhave

otheralternatives.^^

5-Byasking“Whenareyougoingtostartafamily^^,thememberofCathy?sfamilymeant

A-whenareyougoingtomoveintoanewhouse

B-whenareyougoingtobuyahouse

C-whenareyougoingtogetmarried

D-whenareyougoingtohaveachild

6-Inthesecondparagraph,thephrase6oflyinthefaceoF'mostprobablymeans,

A?topopularizeB-tofollowC-togoagainstD-tostrengthen

7-Accordingtothethirdparagraph,thePecksholdthat.

A?allyoungcouplesshouldnotgiveinbeforethesocialpressures

B-nopressureshouldbeimposedoncouplesaboutparenthood

C-strongmeasuresshouldbetakentohelpchildlesscouples

D-childlesscouplesfacenoproblemsofdivorceorchild-abuse

8-AccordingtoEllen,whathascausedmanyoftheproblemswefacetoday?

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A-Overpopulation.B-Environmentalpollution.

C-Culturalprogress.D-Life-stylechoice.

【詞匯講解】

continuity

occupation

alternative

【認(rèn)知詞匯】

privacy

leisure

ration

respectable

【中譯英翻譯】

面對(duì)日益危險(xiǎn)的情景，Ben別無(wú)選擇只能自己跳入河中。

【長(zhǎng)難句分析】

1.PerhapsthemostpublicoutspokenchildlesscoupleareEllenPeck,authorofTheBaby

Trap,andherhusband,William,anadvertisingexecutivewhoispresidentoftheNational

OrganizationforNon-parents.

【引導(dǎo)詞】

【從句類型】

【從句作用】

【翻譯】

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3

Everyday,thousandsofrangerspatrolnationalparksandotherprotectedareasinAfrica.

Theirjobisfraughtwithdanger,bothfromhostilehumansarmedwithautomaticweapons

andfromtheunappreciativeandpotentiallyaggressivewildlife,armedwithtusks,teethand

claws,whichtheyarehelpingtopreserve.9

Thatisparticularlytrueofdataonpoaching(偷獵)，whichremains,inbothsensesofthe

word,anelephantineproblem.Since2006Africanelephantpopulationshavedeclinedby

around30%.In2021,accordingtoMonitoringtheIllegalKillingofElephants(MIKE),a

conservationprogramme,around40%ofelephantdeathswerearesultofpoaching.

10TheMIKEdatashowawelcomefallinratesthroughoutthe2010s,but

accordingtoresearchpublishedin2020byScottSchlossbergofElephantsWithoutBorders,

acharity,thiscanbeattributedentirelytoadeclineineasternAfrica.

Elsewhere,thereisgreatvariationinthepressureonanimalslikeelephants.Someparks,

likeGarambaintheDemocraticRepublicofCongo(DRC),arebadlyhit—withmorethan

90%ofthebodiesfoundbyrangersbeingvictimsofpoachers.11Tountanglethe

factorsinfluencingpoaching,TimothyKuiperoftheUniversityofCapeTown,Eleanor

Milner-GullandatOxford,andateamofcollaboratorshaveanalyseddatacollectedforMIKE

byrangersfrom64sitesin30Africancountriesoverthecourseof19years.Theycorrelated

thesewithpotentiallyrelevantfactors,bothnaturalandhuman,andhavepublishedtheir

findingsintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety.

Naturalvariablessuchashabitattype,theydiscovered,makelittledifference.12

Unsurprisingly,lowhouseholdwealth,poorhealth,poorlawenforcementandpoornational

governanceallcontributedtohigherratesofpoaching.Sodidthepriceofivory.

13Fortheredidnotseemtobemuch.Theimpactwasaconsequenceofafew

specialcasesinDRC,theCentralAfricanRepublicandEthiopia,ratherthanageneralrule

aboutyoungmenwithgunsbehavingbadly.

Onefactorthatwasunquantifiable,andthereforeuntestable,accordingtoDrKuiper,

waslocalpoliticalwilltopreservewildlife.Butthisstudydoesneverthelessconfirm

observationsmadeelsewhere,thatthebestformofconservationisaprosperouspopulation.

A-Humanonespredominate.

B?Theseverityofelephantpoachingvariesfromplacetoplace.