秘籍Ol閱讀理解-細(xì)節(jié)理解題

目錄

高考預(yù)測(cè)考查概率預(yù)測(cè)；難度預(yù)測(cè)；考向預(yù)測(cè)

應(yīng)試秘籍?？碱}型解題技法分析

典例剖析單題訓(xùn)練（文體分類）篇章?？碱}訓(xùn)練

誤區(qū)點(diǎn)撥常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)點(diǎn)梳理習(xí)題訓(xùn)練鞏固

名校模擬2023最新省市名校模擬真題考點(diǎn)綜合訓(xùn)練

概率預(yù)測(cè)☆☆☆☆☆

難度預(yù)測(cè)☆☆☆

①應(yīng)用文的考查（同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)；同義詞替換；數(shù)字計(jì)算及單位換算）

考向預(yù)測(cè)②記敘文的考查（同義句的替換；主要是動(dòng)詞；形容詞的替換）

③說(shuō)明文的考查（同義句的替換；句式替換；主被動(dòng)）

應(yīng)試秘籍

細(xì)節(jié)理解題相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單，但在高考閱讀理解中占了60%的比重。細(xì)節(jié)理解題常分為直接信息題、間接

信息題、數(shù)字計(jì)算題、細(xì)節(jié)排序題和正誤判斷題。分析近三年的高考真題可知:直接信息題和間接信息題為

高頻考點(diǎn)，其他皆為低頻考點(diǎn)。

L直接信息題：較簡(jiǎn)單，題干關(guān)鍵詞文中定位找答案

2.間接信息題：運(yùn)用詞義轉(zhuǎn)換進(jìn)行歸納概況

3.數(shù)字計(jì)算題：對(duì)數(shù)字分析計(jì)算

4.正誤判斷題：難度較大，在文章中較為分散

一直接信息題

1.查找題干關(guān)鍵詞

2.速回原文定位關(guān)鍵詞（不一定是原詞，關(guān)注同義詞、反義詞等）

3.核對(duì)（原文和選項(xiàng)對(duì)比，注意細(xì)節(jié)）

二間接信息題

相比直接信息題，命題的隱蔽性更強(qiáng)，正確選項(xiàng)一般都會(huì)在原文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改造。此類題目需要考生將題

目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，有時(shí)還需要進(jìn)一步的加工或整理。

三數(shù)字計(jì)算題

1.仔細(xì)閱讀文字說(shuō)明部分，準(zhǔn)確把握?qǐng)D表信息。

2.審讀題干，定位關(guān)鍵詞。

3.運(yùn)用公式計(jì)算，經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)比、分析、計(jì)算等就能夠得出正確的答案。

四正誤判斷題

是細(xì)節(jié)理解題中解題比較繁瑣的題目，說(shuō)其繁瑣，因?yàn)槠湫畔⒉幌衿渌愵}目那樣集中在文章的某一句或

某一段，而是分散在文章的各個(gè)角落。對(duì)于這類題目，考生要靜下心來(lái)，看清范圍，確定方向，找到每一

個(gè)選項(xiàng)的對(duì)應(yīng)信息后，謹(jǐn)慎排除，綜合選優(yōu)。題型涉及notgiven/notmentioned/contradicted/correct/incorrect/

true/fa?se等詞o

1.詳細(xì)閱讀并理解答題指引部分，確定答題方式。

2.深刻理解問(wèn)題的含義，嚴(yán)格依據(jù)文章本身意思理解和推斷，不能想當(dāng)然。

3.找出句中的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。

4.仔細(xì)查看文章中關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)所在句子中的含義。認(rèn)真區(qū)分false和notgiven,false與原文相反、相沖突；not

give則不相沖突，但未提及。

5.利用語(yǔ)法、詞法判斷答案所在相關(guān)句子的肯定與否定含義。

凄典例剖析

（2022?全國(guó)乙卷?A篇）

HenryRaeburn（1756-1823）

TheExhibition

ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland,sbestlovedpainterSir

HenryRaeburncomestoLondonSelectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworlditisthefirstmajorexhibitionof

hisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.

LectureSeries

ScottishNationalPOrtrait（肖像畫）Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.Theyareheldin

theLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.

AnIntroductiontoRaeburnRaebum,sEnglishContemporaries

Sunday26Oct.,15.00Thursday30Oct.,13.10

DUNCANTHOMSONJUDYEGERTON

CharactersandCharacterisationinRaebumandArtist,sTraininginZe

Raebum,sPortraits18thCentury

Thursday6Nov13.10Thursday13Novl3.10

NICHOLASPHILLIPSONMARTINPOSTLE

ExhibitionTimes

Admission

￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.

SchoolsandColleges

Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincluding

thoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.

21.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaebum,sEnglishContemporaries?

A.Sun.26Oct.

B.Thurs.30Oct.

C.Thurs.6Nov.

D.Thurs.13Nov.

23.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?

A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.

B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.

C.Theymustbeledbyteachers.

D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.

題干中的關(guān)鍵詞：21.Raebum,sEnglishContemporaries；22.full-timestudentsget

查找關(guān)鍵詞

groupdiscounts

定位：21.用RaebUm'sEnglishContemporaries尋讀，在文中找到信息源----根

定位原文核對(duì)

據(jù)LeCtUreSerieS部分的表格可知，Raeburn'sEnglishContemPOrarieS舉行的時(shí)間是

細(xì)節(jié)

Thursday30Octo

22.用full-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts尋讀,在文中找到信息源----Aspecial

lowentrancechargeoflE2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation...in

organisedgroupswithteachers可知，可知，只有加入老師組織的團(tuán)隊(duì)，即在老師的

帶領(lǐng)下，全日制學(xué)生才能享受團(tuán)體折扣。

【2022年新高考I卷A篇］

GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature

GradingScale

90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.

Essays(60%)

Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay

2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.

GroupAssignments(30%)

Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作業(yè))duringthecourse.Alltheassignmentswill

besubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.

DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)

Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsor

testsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion,soitisimportantto

takecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotime?willassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassor

shortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.

LateWork

Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnot

turnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillget

azero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.

1.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atextbook.B.Anexampaper.C.Acourseplan.D.Anacademicarticle.

2.Howmanypartsisastudent,sfinalgrademadeupof?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

3.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?

A.Youwillreceiveazero.B.Youwilllosealettergrade.

C.Youwillbegivenatest.D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.

【答案】LC2.B3.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法。

【1題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratUre(文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法)''和Essays

(60%)部分“Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeofforthiscourse(你的四篇主

要文章將構(gòu)成本課程評(píng)分的主要部分)''可知，文章介紹了文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法。由此推知，本文是出自一

個(gè)課程計(jì)劃。故選C項(xiàng)。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)黑體小標(biāo)題"Essays(60%)”以及"GroupAssignments(30%)”和"DailyWork/In-ClassWritings

andTestsZGroupsWOrk/Homework(10%)"UJ知，學(xué)生的最終成績(jī)由3部分組成。故選B項(xiàng)。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)"LateWOrk”部分"Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnaZero.(如果

沒(méi)有在截止日期后的第4天上交，將會(huì)得到零分)“可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你將會(huì)得零分。

故選A項(xiàng)。

第一步：原文定位關(guān)鍵詞

抓關(guān)鍵題干中的關(guān)鍵詞：cherries

定位:用cheιτies尋讀，在文中找到信息源----Asforcherries（櫻桃）,theyareso

鎖信息

deliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.

第二步：精讀核對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)

選項(xiàng)選項(xiàng)意思定位

A它們含有蛋白質(zhì)。張冠李戴

B它們富含維生素Ao張冠李戴

C它們口感好。同義替換

_________________

D它們含有豐富的抗氧化物質(zhì)。張冠李戴

［分析］選C根據(jù)該段最后一句"AsforCherrieS（櫻桃），theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,they

arerichinvitaminC.”可知，原文中的theyaresodelicious被替換成選項(xiàng)中的Theyhaveapleasanttaste,

為間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題。故選C。

Example:

Admission

$25.00recommendedforadults,$12,00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandThe

Cloisters（回廊）onthesameday;freeforchildrenunder12withanadult.

56.Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum?

A.$12.B.$37.

C.$50.D.$62.

【答案】C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Howmuch和pay可迅速定位到原文信息“$25.00recommended

foradults,$12.00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloistersonthesameday;free

forchildrenunder12withanadult.”可知，成人票價(jià)25美元，12歲以下兒童在大人的陪同下免費(fèi)。因而11

歲的女孩和其父母只需支付兩張成人票款即可。故選C。

童篌區(qū)支彼

可能存在的錯(cuò)誤：

1：應(yīng)用文閱讀之中：選項(xiàng)表達(dá)與原文一模一樣可以選（體現(xiàn)在數(shù)字；名詞等）

2：在記敘文；說(shuō)明文；議論文等傳統(tǒng)閱讀中；選項(xiàng)表達(dá)與文章一模一樣應(yīng)該慎重選擇；傳統(tǒng)閱讀中正

確選項(xiàng)的特征應(yīng)該是文章的同義句表達(dá)；而非一模一樣

3：閱讀中選項(xiàng)與文章名詞一模一樣正確率高；動(dòng)詞一模一樣錯(cuò)誤率高

4：關(guān)鍵詞定位首選特殊標(biāo)記（大寫；人名；數(shù)字）；無(wú)特殊標(biāo)記首選名詞

例1、SotheColumbiaresearcherscameupwithasystemcalledEasySecurePhotos（ESP）,whichthey

presentedatarecentconference."Wewantedtoseeifwecouldmakeitpossibletoencryptdatawhileusing

existingservices,,,sayscomputerscientistJasonNieh,oneofthedevelopersofESP.44Everyonewantstostaywith

GooglePhotosandnothavetoregisteronanewencrypted-imagecloudstorageservice.^^

1：What,stheadvantageofESP?

A.Itcanprovideclearimages.

B.Itcandecreasetheuploadtime.

C.Itcanclassifyimagesautomatically.

D.Itcanencryptdataontheoriginalplatform.

【答案】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Wewantedtoseeifwecouldmakeitpossibletoencryptdatawhile

usingexistingservices^（我們想看看是否可以在使用現(xiàn)有服務(wù)的同時(shí)加密數(shù)據(jù)）和“Everyonewantstostay

withGooglePhotosandnothavetoregisteronanewencrypted-imagecloudstorageSerViCe”（每個(gè)人都想繼

續(xù)使用谷歌PhOtOs,而不必注冊(cè)新的加密圖像云存儲(chǔ)服務(wù)）可知，ESP的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是可以在原有平臺(tái)上對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)

進(jìn)行加密，故選D。

例2、Asidefrombeingbeautifulandpromotinggrowth,theteamobservedthatduetotheselights,they

neededtouse50percentlesspesticides（殺蟲(chóng)劑）onthecrop.Thisisbecausethisspecificrecipeoflightsactivated

thedefensesystemoftheplants.Andasitworksonallcrops,notjustleeks,Roosegaardeforeseesawaytoreduce

theuseofpesticidesonmanyotherplants.Andhisprojectwillsoonbetouring40countries,andsendingits

dancinglightsacrosstheworld.

2：Whyarelesspesticidesneededonthecropwiththelightsalongside?

A.Thelightsmakeitmoreresistanttopests.

B?Thelightskilloffmostofthepestsonit.

C.Thelightsaretoobrightforpeststotolerate.

D.Thelightsareequippedwithadefensesystem.

【答案】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“??.ductotheselights,theyneededtouse50percentless

pesticides（殺蟲(chóng)劑）onthecrop.Thisisbecausethisspecificrecipeoflightsactivatedthedefensesystemof

theplants.（由于這些光照，他們需要在作物上少使用50%的殺蟲(chóng)劑。這是因?yàn)檫@種特殊的光的配方激活了

植物的防御系統(tǒng)。）”可知，燈光激活了植物的自我防御系統(tǒng)使得植物更能抵抗蟲(chóng)害，從而減少了殺蟲(chóng)劑

的使用。故選A。

例3、Nexttothebenefitsofplayingandswimmingalldaylong,readingisprobablythemostimportantthing

kidscandoinsummer.Herearesomegreatsummerreadingprogramsforkids.

Sync:FreeSummerAudiobookProgram

Synchasasummerreadingprogramjustforteensthatwillgivethemtwofreeaudiobookseachweekthis

summer.Perfectforbothon-the-goandonthecouchreading.Eachweektheyofferacurrentyoungadultbook,as

wellasaclassictitlethatteenswillbeabletodownloadforfreethroughtheSORA/OverDriveapp.

ScholasticRead-a-Palooza

Scholastichasasummerreadingchallengeinwhichkidsgoonlinetorecordtheminutesthey'vereadduring

thesummer.Thisyear,kidscanmakenewfriends,earnvirtualrewardsandhelpunlockdonationsforkidswith

limitedornoaccesstobooks.Allyouneedtodoissignupandkeepa"readingStreak''inScholasticHomeBase

overthesummer.

HalfPriceBooks

TheHalfPriceBookshostsgiftcardgiveawaysonsocialmediaforkidswhoreadforatleast300minutes

duringthemonthsofJuneandJuly.Theprogramwebsitealsofeaturesprintablecoloringsheets,onlinestorytimes

andmysterybookrecommendationsforagesrangingfrompreschooltoteens.

ReadingIsFundamental

ReadingIsFundamentalisthenation'slargestchildren'sliteracynon-profit.Itlistsacollectionoffreeebooks

andinteractivematerialsonliteracy.ReadingIsFundamentalhastoolsforeveryleveltoraisereadingtonew

heightsthissummerandbeyond.

1.WhatcanteensdothroughSync?

A.Choosetheirfavoritebooksfreely.

B?Getsomefreeaudiobooksthissummer.

C.Downloadtheirfavoriteclassicsforfree.

D.Surfintheseaofbooksanywhereandanytime.

2.Whichprogramwilldonatebookstokids?

A.Sync:FreeSummerAudiobookProgram.

B.ScholasticRead-a-Palooza.

C.ReadingIsFundamental.

D.HalfPriceBooks.

3.WhatisthefeatureofReadingIsFundamental?

A.Itisfreeofchargetogetbooksonliteracy.

B.Itoffersgiftcardgiveawaysonsocialmedia.

C.Itissuitableforkidsofdifferentreadinglevels.

D.Itaimsatestablishingabaseofchildren,sliteracy.

【答案】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個(gè)適合孩子的暑期閱讀項(xiàng)目。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Sync:FreeSummerAudiobookProgram（Sync：免費(fèi)夏季有聲讀物計(jì)劃）”

可知，青少年可以通過(guò)SynC在今年夏天獲得一些免費(fèi)的有聲讀物。故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thisyear,kidscanmakenewfriends,earnvirtualrewardsandhelpunlock

donationsforkidswithlimitedornoaccesstobooks,（y??,孩子們可以結(jié)交新朋友，賺取虛擬獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，并幫

助捐書給那些無(wú)法獲得書籍的孩子。）“可知，ScholasticRead-a-Palooza這個(gè)項(xiàng)目會(huì)給孩子們捐書。故選B0

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“ReadingIsFundamentalhastoolsforeveryleveltoraisereadingto

newheightsthissummerandbeyond.（ReadingIsFundamental為各個(gè)層次的人提供了工具，讓他們?cè)诮?/p>

年夏天乃至以后的時(shí)間里把閱讀提高到新的高度。）”可知，ReadingIsFundamental項(xiàng)目的特點(diǎn)是適合不

同閱讀水平的孩子。故選C。

事名硬接加

例1.（2023秋?遼寧沈陽(yáng)?高三校聯(lián)考期末）Theworldhasseenmanyinventions.Whilemostpeopleareproud

ofthoseassociatewiththeirnames,therearethingsmakinginventorsfeeltheotherway.

Thepop-up（彈出）advert,byEthanZuckerman

Pop-upadsareconvenientforthosewhoareinterested,butmostpeoplegetannoyedwhentheyareon

computers.Theymaycontaincomputerviruses.Justaswewouldblametheinventor,themanhumblyacceptedhis

inventionisn,toneofthebest.Inhisessay,Zuckermanwroteaboutthemosthatefυlthing,44Iwrotethecodeto

launchthewindowandrunanadinit.”

Theemoticon,byScottE.FahIman

Emoticonsbegantooccupyscreenscrazilyin2011andgainedgreatpopularity,especiallywithyoungmen.It

hadbeenfouryearssinceFahlmanfirstusedat?smileyface^^inacomputermessage.Hecreatedtheemoticonasa

jokemarker.Butthingsaredifferent.??IthasgonetoplacesIdon,tapprovehecomplainedtoTheWallStreet

Journalin2013.??Itshouldn,thavebeencreated.v

Theofficecubicle（隔間），byBobPropst

In1968,BobPropstcameupwiththeideaofficecubicles,somethingthat“wouldbuildafuturisticandtidy

officestylewithnorealwallsordoorsandprovideamorecomfortableenvironmenf,.Butthemanhascometo

hatewhathehasinvented,asPropstrecalledtoFortuneatage80,??They,vechangedandjustbecomecubicles,,?

TheK-Cup,byJohnSylvan

ItseemseveryonehasaKeurigcoffeemakerforK-Cups.JohnSylvaninventedtheK-Cup,aimedat

facilitatingofficelifeofwhite-collarworkers.Nowit,scommoninhousesandcompanies.However,the

single-serveplasticcoffeecupsaren,teco-friendly.??IfeelbadsometimesthatIeverdidit",Sylvanadmits.But!

GoodnewsforMr.Sylvan:KeuringnowoffersvarietiesofrecyclableK-Cups.

1.Whenwastheemoticoninvented?

A.In2007.B.In2009.C.In2011.D.In2013.

2.Whichonewascreatedforofficeworkers5convenience?

A.Thepop-upadvert.B.Theemoticon.C.Theofficecubicle.D.TheK-Cup.

3.Whatdotheaboveinventionshaveincommon?

A.Theybenefithumanlifegreatly.

B,Theircreatorsareblamedbythepublic.

C.Theirinventorsfeelregretful.

D.Theyareverypopularwithyoungpeople.

【答案】1.A2.D3.C

【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了幾種讓人反感的發(fā)明。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Emoticonsbegantooccupyscreenscrazilyin2011andgainedgreatpopularity,

especiallywithyoungmen.IthadbeenfouryearssinceFahlmanfirstuseda“smileyface"inacomputermessage.

（表情符號(hào)在2011年開(kāi)始瘋狂占據(jù)屏幕，并獲得了極大的人氣，尤其是在年輕男性中。法爾曼第一次在電

腦信息中使用“笑臉”已經(jīng)過(guò)去四年了）“可知，表情符號(hào)開(kāi)始占據(jù)屏幕是2011年，而法爾曼第一次在電腦信

息中使用“笑臉'’已經(jīng)過(guò)去四年了，由此可以推出第一次出現(xiàn)表情符應(yīng)是2007年的時(shí)候。故選A項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段"ItseemseveryonehasaKeurigcoffeemakerforK-Cups.JohnSylvaninvented

theK-Cup,aimedatfacilitatingofficelifeofwhite-collarWorkerS.（似乎每個(gè)人都有一個(gè)K-Cup的Keurig咖啡

機(jī)。約翰?塞爾萬(wàn)發(fā)明了K-CUp,旨在方便白領(lǐng)的辦公室生活）”可知，K-CUP是為了方便白領(lǐng)的辦公生活

而發(fā)明的。故選D項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Justaswewouldblametheinventor,themanhumblyacceptedhisinventionisn,t

oneofthebest.（就像我們會(huì)責(zé)備發(fā)明者一樣，這個(gè)人謙卑地接受了他的發(fā)明不是最好的）”，第二段“It

shouldn'thavebeenCreated.（它不應(yīng)該被創(chuàng)造）",第三段"Butthemanhascometohatewhathehasinvented

（但是這個(gè)人己經(jīng)開(kāi)始憎恨他所發(fā)明的東西）”，以及第四段“IfeelbadsometimesthatIeverdidit（有時(shí)我

為自己做過(guò)的事感到內(nèi)疚）”可知，這四個(gè)發(fā)明的共同點(diǎn)是發(fā)明者都感到后悔。故選C項(xiàng)。

例2.（2023秋?黑龍江哈爾濱?高三哈師大附中?？计谀￤henyouthinkoftheHimalayas,youmaypicture

tall,rocky,snow-coveredpeaks.Butthat,snottrue.

TheSubnival（亞冰雪的）regionisthezonebetweenthetreelineandthesnowline.Itis5to5timesaslargeas

theareasofglaciersandpermanentsnow,whichmeansstudyingitisvitaltounderstandingtheHimalayasasa

whole.

Thetreelineistheedgeofanecosystemwheretreesareabletogrow,andbeyondthetreelineenvironmental

conditionsbecometootoughtoallowtreegrowth.Meanwhile,snowlinesaretheboundariesonmountainsthat

separateareaswithpermanentsnow（wheresnowispresentforthemajorityoftheyear）fromareaswithseasonal

ornosnow.

Researchersusedsatellitedatafrom1993to2018tomeasureplantcoverbetween4,150metersand6,000

metersabovesealevel.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatthegreatestincreaseinplantcoverwasbetweenanaltitudeof

5,000metersand5,500meters.Subnivalplantsmostlyincludesmallshrubsandgrasses.

Evenareasoncecompletelyoccupiedbyglaciersnowholdrockscoveredwithmosses,lichen,andsometimes

evenflowers.Inaddition,thesnowlineseemstoberepealing,whilethetreelineisexpanding.Thisshowsthatthe

regionisbecomingwarmer,causingmoremeltingofsnowandallowingvegetationtomoveupinheight.

Inthepast40years,25%ofallHimalayanicehasbeenlostduetoglobalwarming.Himalayanglaciersare

reducingbyabout0.5meterseachyear.Therateofglaciermeltinghasdoubledinthisdecade.Themeltingof

glaciersincreaseswaterintheregion,makingitwetter.Recedingsnowalsoforcesthesnowlinetomoveup,

providingagreateramountofareaforthewarmandmoistconditions,whichareperfectforvegetationgrowth.

Asofnow,wedonotknowwhethervegetationwillaccelerateorslowdowntherateofglaciermelting.

4.Howdoesthewriterdevelopthethirdparagraph?

A.Byexplainingconcepts.B.Byprovidingsomeexamples.

C.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.D.Bylistingspecificdata.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retreating"meaninParagraph5?

A.Disappearing.B.Lengthening.C.Withdrawing.D.Widening.

6.WhatisthedirecteffectofglobalwarmingontheHimalayas?

A.Thesnowlinemovesup.B.Glaciersaremeltingfaster.

C.Thesubnivalareaiswetter.D.Plantsgrowmuchbetter.

7.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.TheclimateoftheHimalayasischanging.B.IcebergsintheHimalayashavedisappeared.

C.PlantsarediverseintheHimalayas.D.PlantlifespreadsintheHimalayas.

【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D

【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了研究人員們發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著全球氣候變化，喜馬拉雅山區(qū)的植被都

在增加等情況。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thetreelineistheedgeofanecosystemwheretreesareabletogrow,andbeyondthe

treelineenvironmentalconditionsbecometootoughtoallowtreegrowth.Meanwhile,snowlinesaretheboundaries

onmountainsthatseparateareaswithpermanentsnow（wheresnowispresentforthemajorityoftheyear）from

areaswithseasonalornoSnOW.（樹(shù)木生長(zhǎng)線是樹(shù)木能夠生長(zhǎng)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的邊緣,在樹(shù)木生長(zhǎng)線之外的環(huán)境條件

過(guò)于艱難，無(wú)法讓樹(shù)木生長(zhǎng)。同時(shí)，雪線是山上的邊界，將長(zhǎng)期降雪的地區(qū)（全年大部分時(shí)間有降雪）與

季節(jié)性或無(wú)降雪地區(qū)分開(kāi)廠可推知，本段介紹了林木線以及雪線，并分別進(jìn)行了解釋，因此是通過(guò)做解釋展

開(kāi)第三段內(nèi)容的。故選A。

5.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Inaddition,thesnowlineseemstobe”以及后文"whilethetreelineis

expanding樹(shù)木生長(zhǎng)線正在擴(kuò)大）”可知，這里的while表示對(duì)比，因此說(shuō)明前面的雪線正在后退。故畫線詞

意思是“后退A.Disappearing.消失;B.LengtheningJj∏?;C.Withdrawing.后退;D.Widening.變寬。故選

Co

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Inthepast40years,25%ofallHimalayanicehasbeenlostduetoglobal

warming.Himalayanglaciersarereducingbyabout0.5meterseachyear.Therateofglaciermeltinghasdoubledin

thisdecade.（在過(guò)去的40年里，由于全球變暖，25%的喜馬拉雅冰川已經(jīng)消失。喜馬拉雅冰川每年減少約

0?5米。冰川融化的速度在這十年里翻了一番廣可知，氣候變暖直接導(dǎo)致喜馬拉雅山冰川融化加快。故選B。

7.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中“Researchersusedsatellitedatafrom1993to2018tomeasureplantcoverbetween

4,150metersand6,000metersabovesealevel.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatthegreatestincreaseinplantcover

wasbetweenanaltitudeof5t000metersand5,500melers.（研究人員利用1993年至2018年的衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)，測(cè)量了

海拔4150米至6000米之間的植物覆蓋面積。科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，海拔5000米到5500米之間的植被覆蓋增加

最多）”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了研究人員們發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著全球氣候變化，喜馬拉雅山區(qū)的植被都在增加等情況。故D

選項(xiàng)“植物在喜馬拉雅山蔓延”最適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選Do

例3.（2023?四川成都?成都外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）MaeveHigginsoncesetherselfatask.TheIrish-born

comedianwantedtoseewhatlifewouldbelikeifshestoppedlaughingatthingsthatweren,tfunny.Turnsoutit

wasn,taseasyasshethought."Itwassohard,“shesays."Laughterisalubricant（潤(rùn)滑汕）andisexpected,and

it,sreallyhardnottodoit”

Higginssuggeststhere,ssomethingparticularlyspecialaboutbeingpartofthesharedexperiencethatislive

comedy—thatcuriousmagicthatoccurswhenpeoplecometogetherspecificallytolaugh.

Comedyismorethanjustapleasantwaytopassanevening,humourmorethansomethingtoamuse.They,re

interwovenintooureverydayexistence.Whetheryou,resharinganamusingStoryatapartyortellingadarkjokeat

afuneral,humouriseverywhere.Butwhatisitfor?Andcanhumour,ascomedy,changehowwefeel,whatwe

thinkorevenwhatWedo?

Asanessentialpartofhumaninteraction,humourhasbeenonthemindsofthinkersforcenturies.Oneofthe

mostenduringtheoriesofhumourwasputforwardbythephilosopherThomasHobbes.Itassertsthathumour

appearstomakefunoftheweakandexertsuperiority.Whilethisisclearlythefunctionofsomecomedy,it,sfar

fromacompleteexplanationfortheoverallpurposeofhumour.

Forsomecomedians,it,snotjustaboutgettinglaughs—it,saboutchangingwhatwethinkandmaybeeven

whatWedo.Ifthere,sonecomicwhoisreallytypicalofthis,it,sJosieLong.Asocialjusticeactivistanda

comedian,Longhasareputationfordelightful,optimistichumourandstorytelling.

Ashercareerhasevolved,shehasconsciouslyputsocialandpoliticaltopicsattheheartofheract.She

believesthatcomedianshavearoletoplayinchallengingsomeofthemostpressingissuesoftheday.

BritishcomicStephenKAmossellsoutvenuesseatingthousands,yearin,yearout.Amosfirmlybelievesthat

whencomicsconsciouslydealwithpressingorcontroversial（有爭(zhēng)議的）socialissueslikeracism,theycanreach

peopleonamuchmoremeaningfullevelthanthatachievedbybrieflyliftingsomeone,smood.Andwhileitmaybe

difficulttoquantify,hesays,thesocialandpsychologicalimpactofcomedydeservesmuchgreaterrecognition.

Theresearchbacksthisup.Althoughtheroleofcomedyistobeentertainingfirstandforemost,Sharon

Lockyer,asociologistwhostudieshumour,hasidentifiedanumberofpossibleotherfunctions.Theseinclude

challengingStereOtyPeS（亥!j板印象）.

Amos,sworkfrequentlysettlestheissuesofracebychallengingstereotypes.,,Idon,tdothingsforshock

value,,,hesays."Idostuffthatmatterstome.Intheolddaysitwasjustaboutdoingjokes.We,vemovedon一

peoplearetalkingaboutthingsthatmatter.,,

8.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?

A.Thebenefitsoflaughing.

B.Whatacomedian,sdailyworkisabout.

C.WhyMaeveHigginschosetobeacomedian.

D.MaeveHiggins,understandingoftheappealofcomedy.

9.WhatdoestheunderlinedphraseinParagraph4mostprobablymean?

A.Protecttheweakfromtheevil.

B.Encouragepeopletobestronger.

C.Bedeterminedtoimproveoneself.

D.Showyouarebetterthanotherpeople.

?θ.Accordingtothearticle,howdoescomedyhaveaneffectonsocialissues?

A.Bygraduallyinfluencingpeople,sattitudes.

B.Byurgingpoliticianstotryandsolvetheissues.

C.Byquicklyyetthoroughlychangingpcoplc,sthinking.

D.Bycallingonthewholesocietytopayattentiontotheissues.

11.Accordingtothearticle,comedyincludesthefollowingrolesexcept.

A.gettingpeopletolaugh

B.promotingsocialprogress

C.influencingpeople'sideas

D.makingpeoplemoreproductive

【答案】8.D9.D10.A11.D

【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)HigginS對(duì)喜劇具有的吸引力的理解引出喜劇所具有的作用，包括讓人

開(kāi)懷大笑、影響人們的想法和促進(jìn)社會(huì)的進(jìn)步。

8.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的"MaeveHigginsoncesetherselfatask.TheIrish-borncomedianwantedtoseewhat

lifewouldbelikeifshestoppedlaughingatthingsthatweren,tfunny.Turnsoutitwasn,taseasyasshethought.

“Itwassohard,“shesays.44Laughterisalubricantandisexpected,andit,sreallyhardnottodoit.'"'（Maeve

Higgins曾經(jīng)為自己設(shè)定了一個(gè)任務(wù)。這位愛(ài)爾蘭裔喜劇演員想看看如果她停止嘲笑那些不好笑的事情會(huì)怎

樣。事實(shí)證明，這并不像她想的那么容易。她說(shuō)：“那太難了“笑是一種潤(rùn)滑劑，并且被人期待，要做到

不笑真的很難”。）根據(jù)第二段的“Higginssuggeststhere,ssomethingparticularlyspecialaboutbeingpartofthe

sharedexperiencethatislivecomedythatcuriousmagicthatoccurswhenpeoplecometogetherspecificallyto

laugh."（HigginS提到作為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)喜劇的共享體驗(yàn)的一部分，這是很特別的東西，當(dāng)人們特意聚在一起為了笑

時(shí)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生奇特的魔力。）由此可知，前兩段主要討論的是MaeVeHigginS如何看待喜劇的魅力和吸引力

的，即HigginS對(duì)喜劇具有的吸引力的理解。故選DC

9.短語(yǔ)猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線短語(yǔ)前面的“humorappearstomakefunoftheweak”（幽默的作用似乎是為了取笑

弱者。）and后面的內(nèi)容是幽默的第二個(gè)作用，它應(yīng)該與“取笑弱者”的感情色彩類似，而A項(xiàng)（保護(hù)弱者遠(yuǎn)

離邪惡），B項(xiàng)（鼓勵(lì)人們變得更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)）和C項(xiàng)（決心提高自己）均不能與and之前的內(nèi)容相匹配。由此

可知，劃線短語(yǔ)最可能的意思是“表明你比其他人更優(yōu)秀故選D。

10.推理